PHYSICS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200175-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2011
• Sequence Number: 175
• Publication Date: July 19, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
INFORW1A
COUNTRY '- E}-"
SUR.IECT Physics
PLACE
ACQUIRED MM
I Is OfFICK USE ONLY
!CY REPORT
bRT
DATE DISTR. 19 iU3,y 1948
NO. OF PAGES 9
U ~jl
JAN 31 1955 0I)
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALL!ATED INFORMATION FOR THE RESEARCH
USE OF TRAINED INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS
SOURCE Russian periodical Zh , No 4, 1947. (FDB Per Aba 17T80 .?
Tr~analatios. apeoifioaily requested.
ffimbwB in perenthoses in the to refer to the bibliogrm y.
In a preceding mot's (1) we pointed out the effect of the form of par
tiolea on the stabilit7? of aerosols. It was thore proposed that the change
in form of the arboressent aggregates of particles in an electric field
under the action of fcreign vapors is caused by the. change of form of thA
agulation rate of the aerosols may have various numerioal values.
constant of the ooiignlation rate of the aerosols during transition of aerosol
particles of leaf tom into needle form which most fully facilitates the
tranaft- to aerosols of G. Llyuller's (2) theoretical conclusion on the coag-
and foreign vacore, and the methods of determining the Height concentration
of aerosols, messtaing aerosol pcrtiolea, and carrying on ultramicroscopic
researches and Investigations of the form of particle aggregates it an elec-
trio field, whdah permit the growth of arborescent particle aggregates and
their, changes in form to be fined under a microscope. 4 oe appended abstract
rNK Ili- ~W 19 SLY
STAT
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keroaols of antnraquinone and nitrosodimetbylaailine were chosen for
investigation. The latter's particles in clear air take the form of leaves.
An aerosol with such a particle form was of greatest interest for our in-
vestigatio vo since there was the possibility of the particle eggregates
changing not only into spherical but also into needle form wider the action
of foreign vapors.
The investigation of the growth of arborescent aggregates and their
formal charges in an electric field have shoes that the form of the arbores-
cent aggregates can become spherical only under the action of vapors of
foreign sohetances which are solvents for the aerosol particles under the
conditions given.
The form of arborescent aggregates of nitrosodieethylaniline tends
to be spherical under the action of chloroform, ether, sulfuriv acid,
oleic acid, and phenol vapors (Figure 1, a, botograph, not reoduc
The form of arboreseent aggregates of anthraquinone also tends to
sphericity in the presence of tolune and sulphuric acid vapors.
Ultramicroscopic measurements of the coagulation rate of aerosols
show a good correspondence with the results of studying the growth of
arborasoerit aggregates and their changes in form.
-- -
aercaol in chloroform, ether, sulphuric aoid,, oleic acid, and phenol vapors
showed that the coagulation rate of the aerosol is diminished in the pros-
elation rate of an aerosol, which determines the incUnuwon of tine one,
apraroaches the value corresponding to snolukhovskiy'e theory In this case
(Table 1).
Investigation of the coagulation rate of an anthre4dinona uaroaol in
ora and sulphuric acid vapors alvo six wa' a reduction of the
na oa
t
;
p
o
.ne
coagulation rate of the aerosol in the Veeenoe of then vapors keurve III':.
Gal value in this case as well (Table Q.
With the growth of nit aeodimethyleniline aerosol agPegatee in an
electric field in the presence of ammonia vapors, the formation of aggre-
gates of arboreseent form is also observed, but on the sides of these aa-
gaegates on the surface of the electrode, fine attennted aggregates are
formed in the shape of hooks. The formation of these aggregates points
to the possibility of a change of arborescent aggregates to a longer form.
V. study of the coagulation rate of a nitroaodimetlylanitine aerosol
Constant of the coagulation rate is considerably increased (Taste 1).
The weight concentration of deroaole in all the experinsate sae 25 mg
per on m. The average radius of the particles was about 3.10-5 om. The
its were conducted at ttmperatures of 8 to 12 degrees C. The rei:-
ative hilaidity of the air in the room and in the eq!eipment did not ennead
30 percent. The bt?yaney?of the foreign vapors shifted from 10-3 an to
about that of saturated vapors.
In stud;ing the growth and form of arborescent aggregates the following
fact should be noted. in clear air, within an electric field, arborescent
aggregates of a very 3ifferent shape and wise are formed, in relation to the
diyeiral and chemical properties of the substance from which the aerosol is
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In the Uresence of the voltage aP tt,r3 eleotrie field these ar;ores~
farmed.
particles (4).
Equation of Result
cent aggregates are very atablo, but ?r,'ithout the voltage they disintegreto
almost icanediately. This is especially easy to observe in the case of ar-
borescont aggregates formed from aerosols or ammonium chloride and stearie
Finally, the results of s series of experiments In which no vffcot of
the films f foreign vapors upon the aerosol coagulation rate could be
their mechanical envelopment by the air.
mffar the lapse of acme time in the eeeisteaee of the eeaoaal, t is the seine,
and X is the coflgolation-29te uonetant, ro mine correct throughout bctil
series of mqeriments, conduoted in the atmosphero as roll c:n In the pre-
Beam of foret vapors.
The absence of a atablo connection between gas (vapor) filmy and the
asxow1 _ielen corPiieta with the argument for thn sffectivanekl of ad-
sorption films from foreign vapors upon the collision of particles. The
knoin observations are In agreemont with this opinion, when the aerosolt
parbicleeds,.not came into contact with hard or liquid surfaces (10) duo is
the coagulation of myth.-egn1none and nitroarod3metbyylanaliae aerosols it
calorofora, ether, sulfuric acid, oleic acid, phen 1. and toluene vapors
not all particle collisions are effective, 1tiich contrudiats the theory.
The constant of the aerosol coagulation rate, obtained empirically, should
in this ease have hid a nucerieal value lees then the theoretical orrvt in-
aemnnh au the foreign anbgtance vapors can intorfaz'e xd .k lue YPectiveneas
of the particle collisions. Actually, bomaver, the data we obtained from,
tba aeroec a aocparlsentally In vapors of various substances show a good
oor rampomdenao with Stolnkhovakiyvs theory. The value of the coagulation
rate constant is close to the theoretical Gres and tho'e:;untion : ~,?`;'
Rb. tlhe7e c is the initial particle rrluax, ,;. it the pirldo:ie vo .'x
It is of course possible to assume, as certain autsors have dono
(50 6, 7, 8, 9) that adsorption gas (vapor) filar are formed on the our-face
of the auroeel particles from foreign vapors shish are stably oonnertod ci.tt
the aerosol particles by sorption capacities and which can influence, the
effectiveness of the collision of the particles, which in its turn may lead
to a induction in the rate of aerosol coagulation. It favors this effect
minas it takes place in protected sole. It should be roeogniled that with
vious work (1) permits the conclusion that foreign vapors in the air ccn
affect the coagulation rate of aerosols both.positaveiy and normtivbly.
The mechanism and the causes remain to be explained.
from adAch changes could be oxpectAd in the aerosol coagulation rate of
nitroaodimethylanilines (1) change in the electric charge of aerosol par-
the baseleeenese of such an assumption.
Thus, according to our experiments there are only two raraaining factors
glycerol, or actor vapors upon the iorosol. coagulation,:ate of steartc acid,
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given above shows a good cor7espondanco with Sooluchavoki7'e theory; there-
fore, in our experiments it:rnet be recognised that in the contacts of aero-
sol particles they adhere without regard to their charges.
As a result, the eimpl.o proposition remains that the oba:46 in form
of the aerosol particles is their sorption of foreign vapors is the factor
affecting the ooapUtiosi rate of aerosols and that it appeared as a posi-
tive and negative factor in the change of the coagulation rate of aerosols;
In the absence in the laloratory of radioactive and other materials
which would produce an artificial charge in aerosols, the empirical data
effect, practically speaking, upon the stab"Ity of aerosols, and cohe-
quently no. effect is noted upon, their coagulation rate.
(14-20) have proved that only an intensive charge of an aerosol can lover
its stability to any appreoiablo degree; a moderate bipolar charge has no
in these researches in discoverir:g the effects of a common bipolar charge
of aerosols upon their coagulation rate, N. Fuks, Fotryanov, and others
sation, the number of charged aerosol particles in weakly charged aerosols
may reach 70 percent in the oourae of time; but the authors did not succeed
life of aerosols as a result of their adsorption of ions in the dispersion
medium.
According to the data of nhttelowey and Patterson in natural ioni-
a result of which the constant of the aerosol cegulation rate may have
various maeerical. valuate.
This sac:wptin'i is not In contradiction with t
.he theory, and the ee
perimental data obtained qualitatively and quantitatively supports the
ftaotion of the ohangaof form of the aerosol particles is agreement pith
Aotu all , in t3;a aboanca of fe oign bo :iaa in the aloctri; field,
aggregates, which is an indication that here the arborescent aggregates
tend toward an imiimensional form. In these oases,-in come part of the
gregates of er+boreccent form appear on the lines of force, duo to the amn1.1 .
aperture in the order of une electrode. The determined coagulation rate
of aerosols (carve 'J, figure 2; curve T, Figure 3).
In the preset" of aerosols of chloroform, ether, sulphuric acid,
elate said, phenol, and toluene vapors well adsorbed by partieleq aggregates
lass than the preceding in height are formed in the electric fold and a
larger anoumt of deposited aerosol particles is observed at the base of the
is noted (cum in, Figera 21 curve 11 Figure 1). The decrease of the nu-
marimal value of the content of the aerosol coagulation rate and the up-
3oivad together end held in spacb.
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of foreign vaporu tend toward a spherical form.
The mechanism of the action of foreign vapors upon aerosol particles
in case of a change of anisodimsnsional particles into spherical ones prob-
a0.bly amounts to leveling of the most acute angles of the strfaee of the
particles, due to weakening of its crystalline structure.
in the _rresence of ammonia vapors in the center of an electric field, the
same formation of a_rborescent aggregates is to be observed. At the sides
of these aggregates on the surface of the electrode, where the lines of
force are less curved, fine aggregates are formed sirggeatiue the farm of
hocks. The very fact of the formation, under the action of an electric
field, of aggregates in the shape of thin hooks shove that in this case
the form of arborescent aggregates under the influence of am,2onia vapors
tends to be aniaodimensionai.
Actually, as ultramicroscopic researches have shown, these is to be
observed here a significant increase in the aerosol ooaguletion rate (curve
Is iigurb 2). The constant of the aerosol coagulation rate of mitroso-
d1metibylannine in this case is increased by two and a half times in com-
parison with its theoretical value (Table 1).
The increase in the aerosol coagulation rate in arnonia vapors is
also to be explained by EVuller's (2) theory, which Specifies that the
coagulation of particles of nonspherical form always proceeds faster gran '
the coagulation of spherical particles. It follows fror this that in the
coagulation of the nitresodimethylanii ao aerosol in the presence of am-
- & mia vapors the form of the aerosol particles changes from discs to noodle-
.
T.he problem of the mechanism of change In form of aerosol particles
requires fwearer, inveatigation. However, we spay asstuo that the in sse
in the coagulation rate of the n trosodlmethyiianiline aerosol in the rxe-
sence of ammonia vapors is caused by the formation of needlellkm cry tale
on the surface of the particles, which! also tends to tnoreaao the radius of
tppir.ephere of influence.
CU the basis of the experimental results obtained we may assoirt that
the iranaition of aerosol particles from the forts Of rodeo to spheres, as
we). as the change from discoid (leaflets) to noodle form u,dar the influ-
enee of foreign vapors clearly shows the Tell tionship of the coagulation-
rate constant to the form of the aerosol particles.
At this point it could probably be appropriate to interpret the re-
suite obtained by L. V. Haduahkevieh (21), who obteintod a change of the
eon~int of the aerosol coagulation rate of ammoninn chloride from 0.26
110 cc/minute to 0.54.10"7 co/minute. In his experiments the humidity
ulated and recorded. Undoubtedly, over the period of his experiments,
room varied to a considerable dedree, and as a result the author obtained
an ammemdtm Chloride aerosol with a different form of particles of dif-
ferent effective radius, which ?produced different numerical values for the
aerosol-oosgulation-rates constant.
authors 1Thitelow-0rey end r"httarscn (22), who obtained values for the oo--
ataut of the eel coagulation rata of a on.e Chloride from 0.31010^-
to 0.47.10'7cc/mimate.
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 STAT
with enieodimeneiona particles, the form of the particle must be considered.
In these cases, in smolu'krbovskiy's constant of the coagulation rate, is ad-
dition to the corrections for the polydispereion of the aerosol And for the
mobility of the particles, a correction must also be made for the form of
the particles. This correction obviously cannot be overlooked, as in some
cases it can increase the nnmer:tcal value of the constant of the aerosol
coagulation rate by 250 percent.
In conclusion, I wish to convey my deep appreciation to Corresponding
Member of the Academy of Sciences of the mm B. V. Deryagin for his valua-
ble advice and discussion of results.
1. The relation of the conerant of the aerosol coagulation We to the
form of the aerosol particles is established. With the change of particles
of discoid form (leaflets) to a needlelike form the constant of the aerosol
coagulation rate incr srs In accordance with t uller'a theory of the coag,-
lotion of sole with particles of norspberical. form. When the aerosol parti-
als assume a spherical form, the constant cf the aerosol coagulation rate
decreeeee and approaches a value consistent with SmolukhovakIy'atheory.
2. The obtained relation of the constant of the aerosol coagulation
rate to the' form of the particles explains those eotpeMmental data, when with
a single weight c'noanttation of the aerosol and the same radius of the par-
tides, different arical values are obtained for the constant of the aero-
1. Artemov, I. S., !5013. Zh. 8, 113, 1946
2. Eyuller, 0., Collection, osau at`n of Colloids, 74, 1936
3. Artemtrv, !. S., Zh. Fla. Rhin., 20, 553, 1946
4. Ibbleohutter and Tusober, Z. Electrncbem., 27, 1. 1921; Kohlschattar nnd
3. R Steve, E. I., Zh. Fie.1him., 2, 283, 19A
6. 8anokhvalov, K. S., and Koah heva, 0., S., Zh. F1e. Imam., 2, 283, 1931
7. Seyebuk, V. I., and Narahikh- 0. 0., Sall. Zb., 2, 9-10, 841, 1936
8. AndrVev- N. N., and Kibirkebtis, S. 0., Zh. Obaboh. Rhin., 6, 1698, 1936,
9. 3airnv, L. V., and Solnteeva, V. A., gon. Zh, 2, 9-10,.841,, 1936
10. Ramie Z obm, 28, 469, 1922; Re?i wad Ruohland, Z. eygra. Chem.,
39, 51,=
U. R a d u a b k e v i e h , L. V., and Chugunova, 0. K., Zb. Frs. W a g , 12, 34, 1938
'2. Pwtsyanov, I. V., T!atitddy, N. N., Tikhoeirov, is. V., M. Fla Imam., 15,
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I
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13. 41hite].ow. Grey and Ittterw., bm, M TI, 129, 1934
14? I cs' N., ~-- 6, 30, 1935
15. Pales, N., and , I., AUL, 7, 312, 1936.
16. puke, N., and Petrranov, I., >sve saR
-- asAN -S.S ., Ser. 0118., 5, 833, 1936
1'?. Tumitekiq, N, Zip Fix:
13,]341,1939
1 . IAteoveki', P., Zh. Fig, K?m. U. 521, 1940
19. Tm3tddy, N.
, may, V., 3.4, 542, i940
20. Ttmitekiy, T5khonth ov, and
26_1a FI?, 10, 1727
21. Raduahkevieh, L. 9., 'n Fs Qftz. 9, 6, 883, 1937
22. Piitelow-Grey and Patterson, ft, GlWI, 46, 1934
CPPended Figures .11o7
STAT
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0 r o--.L
20
The time in minutes is plotted on the axis of the abscisaae and the
partiole volutes on the axle of the ordinates. Curve I is in NH3, vapor,
omvv I1 _in tnm absence of foreign vapore, and curve III in CNC13''C4Hl0O,
H2SO4, C6H5CHO and CVH3.COOH vapors.
_-o-1I
, ew ti.ee%!,
to to
Figure 2. Nitrosodimethylanaline Coagulation Crrvee
(In cubic centimeters per minute)
Nix oeodimeth is
Table S.. The Constant (K) of the Aerosol Coagulation Rate
of foreign vapors, and curve n is in C713S and H2SO 4 vapors.
partl4e volmea on the axis of the ordinates. Curve d Is in the absence
Figure 3. Ant}aaquinone Coagulation Curves
In Cblaretorm, Ilther
Sulitudo Acid,
Acid, and
Phenol Vapors
In Aunacnia Vapor
ID Telmer and
Sulitrio Acid
Vapors
Calculated by the
Formula
0.2'1 to
STAT
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r
NO)E: The vi,lvse of K were calenlatsd by the formula,
3 N~~f/~f~.
sdu-* R Is the gas constant, T is the absolute temperature,'2 is
for viacoaity of the dieperaion medium, N Is Avogadro's nvnber, A
it. the constant, ?is the average length of the path of the gee molo-
csle, and r is the radius of the particles.
gw r,. Arteov, aEffect of Foreign Vapors on the Coagulation of Aerosols,?
Pis. Mix., Vol XX, 1946, pp 553-560
j oetraoc
Foreign vapors have no effect on the rate of coagulation. Contrary
debt in the literature are due to errors of technique. ?diets of mineral oil,
steirio acid, and purified paraffin were produced pp' cooling the oorx~pond-
img vapors. Their average particle radius was 10 on, and the coneentra-
L?iom nee 25 mg/on a. The progress of coagulation was followed by counting
the particles in darkrfield illumination. No mwuesaeble eediaeritaticn took
plans daring the experdmants, which were exteiaded for up to 3 hours. The
obamge in the particle amber, n, was produoei solely by formation of
larger particles from several small ones. The magnitude eased linear-
1Q0
2O t
f
o
rom
ly with the time, t (e.g., in the ratio of 4:-L Wben t rose
minutes). The rate of increase depended very little on the substance die-
psrse and, was not. affected by vapors of phenol, oleic acid, glycerol, and
Tbs concentration of the vapor in the mist Was varied 1roo 0.5
water
.
Wtu a almost to srturation. The alleged proofs for the eniintenoe of thick
._ rayst"~
STAT
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