SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600200365-6
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• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2011
• Sequence Number: 365
• Publication Date: November 16, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

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Akndaanii Neck ass, ot&elieniye T1Wcb9d4Mkh 11duk
1CA-Et1ICTAN A13USP17IQt E ,rcwI B ARBU7Or
B. A. Zazanskiy Intl M. I. Sabachnik
AleksmAr yerminnthgo 'doVieh Arbuzov, am of the outatrs iag Soviet
org~nic eheosiats vas born 12 September (30 August, old-ety1e calendar)
1e77 n the village of Ai,tmovo-Bum, in Spaaskiy Uyezd, Bnzanak n
OInbesaiya?. Be received his primary education in- the village school, end
theca in the first Kazan' Classical Opnaaium, which he left in 1896, where-
gpon he imaedievsl3 entered the Natural. Science Division of tbo Phyatoe and
Mathematics Faculty of Zezan' IIalrersity. Here, an a atu ant, he
ot"pletad :'lr first scientific voile under the guidance of Professor
A. U. 7arvtaov, "On Ally1 Netlrgl-Yhs l~Carbttlol," which was ubli&4d in
the journal at the Ttuasien 1-4yziae mad Chaelistz7 Society in 1901.
17pn conplotion of raaivereity studies in 1906, Arbuzov was
recommended by Pmfeseor A. M. Zaytrav 'for a tesahir*3 fellovship with
Ka--en' University. However, he did not wait fcr -er!'irmation of the
appointneimt, aa3 accepted a position as assistant in the Institute of
lfgrdoultaL'v mol. Forestry in Bovaya Alakemdr.i7a?
In 1905, Arbuzov passed his masher's e>r4 11?44t3+lT&i aid defex ad his
neater'a dioeertatior. on the subject, "The Structure of Phesohoreun Acid
and The Derivatives," for which the Batman "ion act Chamietiy Society
awarded him the Zinin aid Qoekremenddi Prize, aid which helped him to
earn reco iticn among Karsten ebo fists.
bt 1905, ArFazov van appcinted assistant pWtesacr at the Novoa]ekcani
riygki;{ Institute, aid in 1911, after the death of his teacher, A. M.
7eyteev, he van appointed extraordinary professor (prefoaaor ad3u ot) of
Kazan' University, where he occupied the chair of Ids faaus predeoeseors,
17. N. Zinin, A. N. Butlerav, and A. M. Za3tev. After defealiag his .
doctor'a dissertation, "On the Phenomena of Catalysis In 'Trenaf -o s
of OertainPhosphorus O poaa," he received a permanent ppc
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE 4GENCY
INFO
FOREIGN DUCUMN
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT soior-Lific Research
HOW
PUBLISHED Bimonthly pericdiCal
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DATE
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DATE DIST, 16 Nov 1948
NO. OF PAGES 7
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full profeooor, and all his eubeegwen; scientific and pedagogic activity, up
to n , hw been. In connected with Sean' University and other higher educational
o ~
From 1921 to 1923, be vas dean of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty;
fresh 1923 to 1925, a member of the Sducationel Boeid; and since 1929, a
permaaeut director of the Soientifio Recoerah Institt)te of Chemistry
Imsui A. M. Batlorov at Kazan' University. Since 1930o 1rbe oaf hasmical
occupied the chair for Organic 9hemstetry at azan' Technology, in the organization of which be took active part. In 1932, he
was elected Corresponding Member, and in 1942, Active Member of the
Aoedeoy of Sciences ikiSd. For his outstanding scientific work, Arhuzov
has twice von. the Stalin prize, and for his ecientifio and pedagogic
activit , he hab twice received the.Order of Lenin,
tlith the organization in 1945 of an Affiliate of the Academy of Sciences
t In Kazan', Arbuzov was elected its President; in 1946, the workers
of the 2zlenodolIekiy electoral district elected him as their Deputy in
the Council of Nationalities of the Supremo Soviet USSR.
Amxmc Arbuzov'snunaroue vorlrs, which are varied in subject end deal
not only with different sections of organic chemistry but also with problems
or p Vaical chemistry and the history of chemistry, 'the most important work
is his research on organic phosphorus compounds. His Investigations are re-
na%Ul'1e for their orderly system, integrity and consistency, and it is
possible to dieids them into several gaups only in a limited sense.
The first group, chronologically speaking, includes research work
SC4.311loted with the synthesis and atuy of the properties of eaters of acids
fozmsd by trivalent phosphorus, primarily phosphorous sold, which was
carried out in its basic stages before the October Revolul.ion. The
pzrparations of phosphorous sold esters repeatedly described by other authors.
before Arbuzov'a works were all ocVlax mixtures containing only a small
proportion of esters of the P(CHt)3 class.
Arbuzov was the first to aynthesize in a pure form full alkyl esters of
phosphorous and phenyl-phoaphinic acids, demanatratislq in his early 'work the,
high deg red of skill vhich beomee so oberacteri stir of all his later
experimental research.
2'he mmiod of synthesis, originally worked out by Az'buzov and
consisting of the reaction of solid alcoholatea not containing spirits with
phosphorous taicbluride accoilking to the equation
3I%0Ha t P013 -P ('RO)3 P 4- NNCZ
is now mrcly of histori:al Interest. Soasver, even the contoVoresy,
genisrel y aooaptah. method of obtaining the esters of phoe hor+ouaacid say
be Pavrtbed to Arbuacs. Sbo tly before Wor.L? C1& II, it vas elaborated.
upon by his student, X. V. Riksaorov, and is a moditicatioat of Milobendskiy
and Sanxvskiy'a met e'1, consisting of the reaction of alcohols with
phorphoroae trichloride in the presonoe of dinothyl anilines
3tlffitPC13+30611.19 (OH3)2--(RO)3 P+?C6BgN (Ck3)2' IIC1
Mw most i portent result of research done by Arbusov on the esters
of pbon bcxoue said was the discovery of thou capacity to rearrange
thashsolves. under the Influence of alkyl halides, into esters of phosphinic
acids with the fomation of the C-P link. '1tie reaction, which is called
the Atbusov regrouping Is eupreeeed in the following eebews established by him:
R.
'a b P (c )3-; >P(CR)3
P, 'Ca
. ca
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to the reaction with analkyi halide, containing a radical analogous
to the radical of a phosphorous ester (R = B'), the regt'aV becomes
iacamrization. It can be caused by a very all amount of alkyl ba1ilie,
which re Wastes in, the process of reacti a acts a ec' 1?~s^?.
Arbuzov'a reaction became one of the most ftortant methods s nthc.aie
of the c; gasdo compounds of pboapborus; with the aid of this method he
was able to agnthesise asters of primary and secondary alby'l-phoephinic and
a larylphoaphiaio acids and the acids themselves, phoephoearbozylic
sold, phoaphoecetopbsnene, ocmpound oxides of tertiary phoaphinea, and nray
other org to compounds of phosphor".
In particular, A7fiuzov together with his students (A. A. Dunlap A. I.
Razunsv), carried out the synthesis of phoephoasetic ester--the phosphorus
analog of ace''acetio ester, which bas the property similar to the latter.
of ptvduoing ntita&lio derivatives under the action of potassium or sodium;
with these metallic derivatives it is possible to carry out syntheses,
analogous to the syntheaeO with ecetoacetic ester.
The xeaatiaa of regrouping made it possible for Arbuzov, to obtain
organic oampousds of phosphorus containing an aeyunntric atom of phoslloruo
in the molecule. This work was carried out in oollaboration with B. A*
Arbuaoi, I. A. Arbuzova, and G. Eh. $am.y.
In'IVJG connection with the study of the properties of p osphorous
acid esters is the work of Arbueoro in relation to the tauter rian or dialltyl
esters of phosphorous said and the reactions of their metallic terivativea.
theme esters may have the structure P(OB) (on) or 'O(Cdt)21 i.e., they may
be Sari-mtives both of the telple-lydros l or dorhle-hydrospl. form of
phosphorous acid. B3obanl.s and Becks 's well-known reaction of a sodium
derivative of dial]ryl phosphorous acid with the alkyl halides which results
in the Z=atlca of eaters of alkyl-phosphinie anion with a psntavalent
atom of phosphorus
CR
(W)2 POffa+R' I - Nal+R' -P-O
cannot serve as proof of the fact that the initial dialkyl phosphorous
ester contains Phosphors In a pentavalent at, as it Is po aible to
.conceive the foaesticn "I OR
R' - Pl; C@ also from a form with a trivalent
0
Th developing his former work, .A tuzov studied the course of this
reaction in detail in relation to the nature of the metal and the type
of tbs halogen derivative. It appeared that the esaction most frequently
takes jilace with the formation of phoaphinic acid derivatives; as for
*movie, tripbemp'lahlorsm,thaae with sodium diethy?,phosphite reacts
according to the equation:
(ca)Pcl's nor (0021)2-,(c ;P --P~(oc`,a5)2+Bacl
0
The formation of full compound. eater of phosphorous acid is L:do
possible, and can be observed in the reaction of silver diethylphoaphite
with fr1sr73metb7l chloride:
(COH 0)2 POAg4CMAr3 -, (C2E50) 2P(OCAr3)+A901
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in;,].ly, in the, reaction of to^iArylnotbyl bromides with alkaline
.
salts of diethyl phosphorous acid instances of an snornJ.ous course of
this reaction with the formation of free triarylmethyl radicals were
alecovernd$
(c2a o)2 PoMa -tsr3 -, +(camc)2 po-tCAr3.
The consideration of different experimental results enabled Arbuzov,
to develop the Idea of tautomerio of dialgyl phosphorous acids and to
draw a far-reaching parallel with tautomerism of katoenols, lactir4aotenta,
etc. All of this research carried out by him and his students was
sdmvxized by him in a brilliant report, which was read at the December
session of the Aoadsmy of Sciences in 1936, "The Problem of the Meohanian
of Reactions of the Double Ezahauga of Metallic Derivatives of Tau+a?srIo
Orgcnic CagprnwAs."
One of the conclusions made by Arbuzov at the end of his report was
to anlasowiedge the necessity of further experimental and theoretical atudy
of tautcaerimm, making use of the latest physical eut chemical methods of
stukTing the structure of matter. Quite recently (in collaboration with
M. E. Batuytev nmd V. 8. VSz adova), he published a work, wherein the
problem of tautcmerism of dialkyi phosphorous acid is solved by wrens
of the spectral maethod.
Me study of spectra of caabimationlight dispersion has shorn tbst
liquid diallyl phosphorous acids contain predominantly an element with a
P-H ilak, ooareapamding to the double-hydroxyl form of phosphorous acid.
However, the speotrmm likewise rovoetla the presence of 0 $ combinetioms,
which oorr+ospomde to the triple-hydro yl farm of phosphorous sold. At the
same time the cyclic association of molecules of 11a,11 71 phosphorous acid
was e!stablisbed.
An Interesting section of A. Ye Arbuzov's work is his ..turfy (in
collaboration with B. A. Arbuzov) of the so-called Boyd chlorenbydrlde.,
it would have been possible to ascribe two structural formulas to this
cuhstemse, which hss very unusual properties:
(06)3Q-n-PCl9 sal (c6r-;-)3 C-
0
A. Ye. aad B. A. Asbuzav have wovlad out an enellent method of
obtaining this ohloranbydride, and. have studied 11s various trnaoommations
in detail, p wamdtiag weights asgtments in favor of the encomd formula, which
woe later d finitely ccufisaeed by Batt, a ntudemtof Boyd. In A. Ye.
AsAnov'a :abermtory,mxp analogues of ms's ohlorambldrido have been
pceparsd (S. V. Nikenozov).
In btudyimg Bcyd's chiosxalydride, A. To. affi B. A. AArlnzuv
discovered a now method of obtaining free radicals, which vas msaticaed above
With the aid of this msthad, it was possible to ayntheaize several free
radicals, not previously described. The new method is so superior in its
cans Of y'weetioabla application that A. Arbuzov raooemsWs it for
dmsonwtration purposes during lectures.
Virally, we might ncerticn a group of aapesimmete by A. To. Arbczav
In convection with the preparation of esters of enbpbasphoric, pyrophospboric
sled p r phosphorous acids. seta walk followed the study of reactions in the
forcmation o free redica]s, but it bas Ito awn llodepe ut value. The
.k-
COl~LR7T?11L,
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above-mentioned esters were obtained by the reaction of sodium diethyl
phosphite with bromine.
A :careful study of the reaction products enabled A. To.and B. A.
Arbuzov to isolate Individual eaters from the very oomplez structure, and
with the aid of a series of rea~sticna to establish the following
structural formulae:
(42 850 /00 C2H50. ~,OC2E,) C21 0.\
c o 0fi og ~ co 0 0 oc ?27? 0025
It in in ossible in this outline to mention even in passing, all
Arbuzov?a work on the organic compoundo of phosphorus. Therefore, we are
obliged to restrict ourselves to mentioning only a few more, that is,
lie wort on diallgl chloruphosphitso (in collaboration with B. A. Arbuzov,
end later withA. I. Razumov and V. S. Abromnv), on phosphorous derivatives
of pyrooateuhin (with F. 0. Vel.itova), on the determination of the
dipolar momenta of the organic compounds of phosphorus (dissertation of
?. i. Bakov), on rafractcaatry of organic compounds of phosphorus in
connection with the atomic refraction of tri- and pentavelent phosphorus
(with A. A. Ivanov), etc.
Umrdic on the organic compounds of phosphorus, which vas so splendidly
beam by Acbuzov, in his early ymth and sueoessfu].ly eantiaued up to
the present tire, is undoubtedly among the most fundanentcl. in this
fluid and he nay be considered as me of the founders of this bra ch.
However, this is not the cvly rose= why his worts is of great importance
to oherdcal. science. It is also important due t3 the fact that with
the aid of ezm*lee of the organic compounds of phosphorus be has thrown
ligtt on geneael. pr*blems of organic chemistry, such as tae problem of
tautcoeoeriaen, homogenous catalysis of organic compounds, the obtaining of
free radicals, etc.
Rio work, unrelated to the field of organic phosphorus cavounde
tounbea on various organic ebomistry problems. We shall mention first
the smell cyolet of experiments covering the interrelations of esters of
sultuzwoe acid and alkyl aalfonie acids. He demonstrated that his method
of re icg can be applied also to score derivatives of sulfurous acid.
Thr for emmmple, the dinetbyi ester of sulfurous acid is changed into the
methyl eater of metby). sulfonic acid on heating with mathyliodide:
030 _ _~.0
X30:
(?W1=) ' `ocx3
Me Bane traneZormation takred place even at la temperatures, if the
esters of sulfurous acid are subjected to eapauification with a reek
alkali eoluticm in the presence of alkyl halides, vu} in this caw the
reaction i0 more cs plicatod--through the intermediate stage of the
Sulfite of the alkali metal.
rur+b r, it Is necessary to mention Arbuzov's research work on
reactions 'where the pbeikmena of catalysis plaice an essential part. We have
already rentioned that the part of catalysis in the transfoomation of
organic combinations had repeatedly attracted his attention, ad. be was
able to deemanatrate ceneluaively the ca ntytie character of the regrouping
of esters of phosphorous acid. Be has also shown conclusively that the
fc ation of 29etcne acotala,by H1eyeen'e method, with the aid of an
ortbc' omio ester, takes place only In the presence of hydrogen ions of
alna_al acids and has a distinct cateltiytic character.
cO2gF'IDMTAl.
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oxtrema sensitivity to the presence of mineral soIdA which in AxbuLO9's
opinion dicelosee a similarity to 8urtziue-BredIg'V.Ve11-known reaction
of the decomposition of ethyl diazoacetate. A detailed ztudy of the
l4drolysie of ketone acetala enabled Arbuzov to determine and campers two
more of its peculiar features: i= veraibI11V and a pronounced endothermic
character. This necessitated careful taermocbem.cal meesarements, carried
out by Iin with apparatus of his own design and, sometimes, m nufacturo.
These reacurenents showed that the heat effect in the hydrolysis reaction
of diethyl acetone eoetal is 4.51 calories per gram-molecular.
We mention at this point that his interest in physicochemical research
methoda ,zd his superior ability to make use of methods of exao;p gico*-
cbemice:lr9eaeurements have enabled Arbuzov to carry out a mmther of
valuable arperimonts relating to other questions. Among them, we refer
to hie study of the reaction in the addition of bromine to ether, and hie
rbserarh cork on the detarminatioa of specific volume for liquid organic
compote n at their boiling points.
Returning to Arbuzov's catalytic work, we alto mention the reaction
discovered by Mn in 1910, together with V. M. T W-nelrSy, and
ell`-orated in the comes of subsequent research studies with other
studAntc. that Is, the reaction of doootnposition of aryl hydrazones of
aidekdea and: ketones in the pstiecency a minute quantities of zinc
chlxsrldo, ctprcue obiorie, aid ohloriuea of certain other metals.
Phenyl h xazonae of aldehydes earl ketones forts substituted indolaa, and
pbeer71 lVdIvzonon of ladebydoa wit:, a cuitjoient mler ula,?. ',weight
(C11,, or gore) Wffial.taneouely form nitrileo of corresparding aliphatic
ecSde. CH2 - R -?
0-lis & - Ch - R --
-72 ?N C-f
This fine reaction, in contrast to B. Fischer's well-known method for
obtainia>E substituted irdoles, also has a purely catalytic character and
my be toed as an excellent method for preparing certain iidolee and
nitrileo.
Inn soup by itoolf la drbusov's work on the theory of tapping
conifers fad the diecbarav of soft resin from Pima. In this work, which
is extremely lr.;portant fry a practical etoadpo?nt, be has shown by
moon of very etimrla but absolutely reliable and convincing ozperimenta
that in the passages of resin in conifers there is a oonsid reble pzcseaurs
(2-3 atmospboioe), which can be measured by a manometer. A procedure
was worked out for the collection of resin from "vow ded" pines into
covered containers, which made i? possible to more than donble the
ameeunt of rosin collected aid also guaranteed its oollection without
lose of volatile:, the amount of tho latter ranging from 35-36 percent
in place of the 10-12 percent when collection was made by the regular
aet'bd. Such an increase of pzufit in taoe-tapping base helped to p oota
the gsveth of the tree-tapping industry in U3W, aid bar also med. it
possible to make a thorough study of the chemical ace position of resin
aid turpentine extracted from the types of conifers found in our
ccwltry? In this extensive work carried out by A. 1e. Arbuzov and his
collabcrejors,, one ebould rention particularly the exporsmente of B. rt.
Arbuzov, watch throw now light on the couposition of Ituseian turpentine.
-6
cce' narzAL
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Thua, in the chemistry of torpones aloe, a division of organic
chemistry which has received valuable contributions from the Kazan'
school of chsmiats in the works ui 1lavital:ly ant feigner, Prbuzov Lars
attatnad substantial results, going his own original vey.
A xeviev of his scientific activity vou3a be incomplete if vii did
not mention his continuing aid livel. interest in the history of Russian
chemistry, vbich be ezp=seed in a series of outlinoc dedicated to the.
Saw' school of chemists and its founders, 7inin and Butlerov, the
Mat Rncsien scientists, the chemisteL9,:io 1OAdV and Dlcndeleyev, Lebedev
and other outstarxling representatives of Russian science. In all of his
wort s . >n the history of chemistry, Arbuzov has noted the front influence
e7pe1`clsed by Rmelan researchers on the devololaent of voila science, oven
zhougn their ,rock has not always received propor recognition.
In thin connection, the most tinly and significant outline is the
one written by 4rouzov in 19k5, regarding the influence of the work
carried on by the Kazan' enhool of chemists on the development of the
world chemical industry, trcm rhich it is clearly soon that the
disoovorioa of the Kazan' chordate served as the foundation for such
bramoNee of chemical industry as the aniline dyo industry, comprnuds of
high-elecular voight, synthetic motor fuel, high-octane hydrocarbon,
etc.
.Stich Lazo been the many-sided scientific activity of A. To. Arbuzov
abon lot in aaourate, legioal, am. convincing experiments and precise
cheaafoc1 thought. Be is at the peak of his oroe.tive activity. Tat us
wish 73ia many more years of work to the benefit of our country and
eoixnoe.
GOrW==TAL
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