SCIENTIFIC - POWER ENGINEERING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600210321-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 23, 2011
• Sequence Number: 321
• Publication Date: March 14, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLAW ICATION C0M=EtMi
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCU ENT IO~~TM DIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY, USSR
SUBJECT Scientific - Power engineering
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED August 1947
LANGUAGE
[. [.. C.. 11 A00 11. AS AN[RORO. 611 M.S. now. OR 4X1 A[YILATIOR
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o! TM[ 0X1110 UTAn0 X40111 tOt OIIANING OR 9$11ORA01 OCT 10
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
V adsdk Akademii Nauk SSSR No 8, 19157. (FDB Per Abe 57TB --
Translation requested<
FIRST COUNCIL. FOR COCMINATIRG TIM .SCIENTIFIC RESi;ARCR
0 POWER-ERGfl RIMQ
and various power-engineering institutes of Republic Aoad.S.doe of Sciences,'
and Affiliates of the AN :SSR are working on important power-engineering
problems which have a direct bearing on the sucoeoeful fulfillment of the
new Five-Tear Plan and on the future progress of Soviet power engineering.
The Power-Yngineering Institute of the AN-835R (Academy of Sciences USSR)
engineering and goneral coordination of this work.
Such problems include study of steam is all its phases, high-voltage
DC tranmieeion, electrical machinery construction, fuel chemistry, artificial
underground formation of gas from coal, as turbines, industrial power
engineering, collective farms, transportation, power-engineering systems, etc.
Coordinating these problems, mlimltnrting dv#?cation, cooperation
and exbhanve of le.ta, personal bontucte, eels-critleiem, expedient use of
resources, rational arganixation and exploitation of laboratory facilities,
etc.--all these are important for the au~ceasful fulfillment of the Five-
velop'ent in the`itopubiicn. Subsequent work c* the council was aseigaod to
four sections: power engineering, electrotechni.oal, thermotechnioel, and
power chemistry.
vesentatives of the Rap'.:blic Academies of Sciences gave brief fapoits un
five-yr-ar plane for scientific research related to p war-engineer ng 4e
l9-24 May 1947, to discuss the problem of coordinating scientific work.
Me author of this article made the introductory report, "Scientific
CLASSIFICAYION CONFIDasTIAL
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der-engineering representatives, to discuss power engineering in the national
System of Seven," and M. A. Moatkov,Doctor of Technical Science, "Iidroelectric
Engineering InGeorgia."
The section also recome& e& special periodic meetings between the various
Electric System," S. A. L,ebedev, Active Member, AN SSSR) "Automatic Regulation of
Synchronous Machines," M. M. Lebedev, Candidate in Technical Sciences, "The Power
Markovich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, "The Regulation of Frequency and Power in
institutes of Republic Academies of Sciences and Affilis.os of the AS SSSR.
At a point meeting of the power-engineering and electroteohnical sections the
following reports on power systems were given: V. V. Bolotov, Doctor of Technical
Supply and. Keating," by L. 'A. Melent' ev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, and "Gas
Supply for MM and fox ;nucor industry to be Obtained From the Moscow Coal and Peat
Fields," by Z. F. Chukhanov, Corresponding Member, AA SSSR. The section also
acknowledged the need of power-engineering development in small cities and room
mended that pertinent problems be included in the study courses of power-engineering
and electrification of agriculture based on a modal district characteristic of the
republic.
power surplus in the v rious agricu'tural zones; and (2) utilization of power resources
Power Systems in Agricultural Districts," and P. N. Listov,"Sew $l.ectrification
Plan for Agriculture."
The section noted coordination of operations in agricultural power engineering
and recomended the establishment of personal liaison between scientific groups to
discuss ,basic problems and work programs. The publication of a monograpn on the
fundamentale of power engineering in agriculture should be of great importance.
The section considered developing agricultural power engineering alchg the fol-
lowing lines: (?) investigation of agricultural power engineering in each republic
on the baste of power classifications of agricultural districts aid study of the
Secondary Power Resources in Industry," I. N. Butakov, Doctor of Technical 'Sciences,
and G. I. Rossiyevekiy, Candidate in Technical Science, "Electric Power Plane for
Utilizing Low-Potential Heat of Secondary Power Resources in Industry."
The section noted the present state of theoretical and practical. work, and the
connections between power engineering and. industrial technology as well as between
industrial dad. regional power engineering. The timely decision of the Bureau of the
Division of Technical Sciences, AN SSSR, to hold a special session in October 1947
devoted to ialuatrial power-engineering problems was mentioned.
The second at third meetings were devoted to rural and urban power engineering.
Reports were made by Candidates in Agricultural Sciences A. G. Zakharin on "Local
~n ~iF r ,t
The power-englraering sect! - its first meeting to power engineering
in industry. The following reports were giva-: V. I. Veyts, "Power-]Engineering
Efficiency and Its Improvement in Industry," N. A.. Semenanko, Doctor of Technical
Sciences, "Uniting Power Engineering and Teohnolo&y to Utilize Sigh-Temperature
econoy and power systems.
The following report was heard and discussed in the electrotechnical section.: "High Voltage DC Tinasmisaton," by K. A. Krug, Corresponding Member,
AS SSSR, and A. R. Seyman, Doctor of Technical Scienceb.
The problem of long-distance power transmission by high-voltage DC is
the moat important one in modern Soviet power engineering. During the past
year, constdcrable work on thin prcbler.,partls an r!iwatel with actual
models aid partly theoretical hssbgan done withixn the AN 806 -3.
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corona, In Leningrad, M. P. Nostenko, Corresponding Member, AN SSSR,and his
group did research on the theory of current transformation. The West Siberian
Affiliate, AN SSSR, has started work on DC power transmission.
The section found that direct-current research must be intensified in
the AN SSSR.
In the newly built direct-current laboratory of the Power-Engineering
Institute, ANSS , a DC power tnu.em -,n model was eat up, and the data
obtained greatly increased the reliability -f direct-current transmission.
The laboratory for high-voltage gas diecbarge djd valuable research on DC
The section noted that the Solution of problems in DC power transmission
required extensive scientific research and large-scale industrial ant ex-
perimental programs each as construction of an experimental DC transmission
line, heavy-duty high-voltage switches, and special equipment. The section
votta to have another meeting In September 1947. All interested organizations
were requested to attend to coordinate direct-current research both in te.AN
S.SSR and in other organizations. In a6dition, a permanent working commission
for this problem was set up in the AR S5SR.
Contemporary methods of automatic control of frequency and power require
maintaining approximately constant frequency and power, and must also meet
the demands of maximum economy in. the operation and unification of the
power system. The RAN (ppecial automatic distributor of active loads) suggested
powernetworkse of the US and '.;astern.Europelhave shown the practicability of
maintaining the constancy of AC power with ,astatic control-of frequency.
Under conditions in the USSR, hoverer, AC power constancy is not expedient,
and the alternating current must vary with the active load distribution; up
to the limiting values of the current as determined by the conductivity of
intersystem connections.
pecially the automatic adjustment of boilers..
Experience with automatic frequency regulators and AC power in the
frequency at the generating plants. The laboratory model of RAaI, made in the
electric laboratory of the Poorer-Engineering Instituteldemonstrated the
simplicity of this equipment.
The RAN works as follows. It automatically indicates at the diepetching
point the correct distribution of loads among the plants. It automatically
transrits instructions on the correct distribution of loads to the shift
personnel at the electric plants. It automatically changes the load of
electric plants. The last stage requires making power plants automatic, es-
by the Power-ineering Institute, AN SSSR, is used as an important supple-
ment tg the automatic frequency and power regulators and guarantees m&Tlinun
economy in the operation of the entire system; it also enables control of
work, one must disregard the losses within the network.
The further work and the plane for power network meet be carried out by
the Power Engineering Institute in close cooperation with the Ministry of
Power Plants and with the power network. This will enable us to eliminate
possible errors in suggested plans and oomstructione and to approach the so-
lution of the most important prrblem--introduction of automatic control. of
fregnen." nn; *~. ;+cr _n S, t power netvc '~r r,^ a L9p.`k tw hnic l level.
The application of special automatic equipment In the Power-Engineering
Ietitute's Plan permits an economic distribution of loads among the various
plants of the power network and an economic regulation of AC power, making
use of the advantages of the Dar?ye Fallu .rensliteratio) criterion at one
stage of control. In working out the construction of the RAN for a power net-
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tit
upon during the past few years by the Power Engineering Ins e, ,
pats sensitive control and completely satisfies conditions for artificial
stability.
A disadvantage of the system of simply compounding the load current is
the unreliability of voltage constancy in the region near static instability
and. the low value of forced exaltation during shore-circuit loading. This
error may be eliminated by the use of simplified regulator-correctors, which
d tomatib
n
i
ma
syncr,oncue
stability"; i.e., when the angular deviations of the rotor axis of synchronous
machines are greater then 90 degrees. Such a control is guaranteed by
electronic voltage regulators of the VSI network.
The system of compounding synchronous generators, which has been alaborated
t AN 00-CM
work, i.e., the stability of parallel operation.
The use of proportional automatic voltage regulators, operating over the
entire control range, makes it possible to compensate for stator reaction of
chines and guarantees operation in the zone of "artificial
The automatic contrml of vc;ltage not only serves to maintain the voltage
at a certain level, but it also tends to increase the reliability of the net-
a
Five-Year Plan are rational planning
mission liAia. The solution to these problems is, to a considerable extent,
connected with the development of effective and rational methods hods of protection
n al the
sere
d
e
Iin ayr4hxcftbt a machines, especially the use of ?lectrorechanical e
this p upcse.
On the subject of high-voltage engineering, the section heard a report
by I. S. Stekol'nikev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, on "High-Power Impulse
Dibchrrge aid Lightning."
Most important among the high-voltage developments provided for I. the
id reliable cork on electric trais-
ra
is aseeeeery to n
soon as possible. This will not offer any insurmountable difficulties because
they are very simple to produce.
The section recorsoended. continued work on automa" cool of excitation
for
A
e
with the vibrations of the synchrono.s ge .
increase of the load.
To solve the problem of guaranteeing static stability in power network,
and thereby considerably increasing the reliability of electric supply, it
duce tine new systems of automatic voltage control as
i t
n
under these co ,
of parallel operation lies in the sudden disturbance of the network in connection
a re and not in the gradual
atore and not, in the gradual
+ n
,
e
a
e
systems of automatic voltage regu re
synchronous.- generators with a simplified excitation regulator, and amplidynae),
the problem of static stability can be taken off the agenda.
-it'one the far greater danger of disturbing the stability
r
fore, in analyzing the static stability of the netwo ,
regulators must be taken into accountti.e., one must determine the internal,
and not the stated power capacity. By widespread use of the more perfect
compound
lectronic regulators
(
t
l
With large-scale use of automatic voltage regulators, faulty operation of
one regulator should not greatly affect operation of the whole network. There
k +11 action of voltage
an
on ca
have been developed by the faculty of relay protect
instruments of the M6I (Moscow Power Engineering Institute), and by the Ea
] tot+ ffiaal ynstitute of the pg , Such regulators guarantee constant
voltage over the entire generator range from no load up to a maximum load.
They create a sufficient force under short-circuit ,loading and do not lover
the reliability of the excitation system.
on
against lightning. Those math ode must be base
faatore govertning lightning.
_A_.
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In prewar years, the Power-Engineering Institute, AN 9:1S, in collaboration
ca es ofiSciences,
with the Ministry of Power Plants, as well as the Republic Academies
Gidr?mueteluzhba (Hydrometeorological Ser7lce), =&L a
research institutes carried out e:.tensive research on lightning gad its
used in controlling
planning electric-transmission slines o and research ind strriial installations.
The abovementioned work has permitted the classification of lightning
factors by districts, and the lightning of basic protection elements are currently
all factors. The study of lightning and n
being examined by the Power-Engineering Institute of the Azerbaydzhan SSR and.
the Hydroelectric Institute of the Armenian SSR, in connection with the estab
dzhan and Armenia.
ba
y
lis}ment of mountain power network in Azer
The section noted the national economic and scientific importan:a of
lightning research and recommended the continued study oft ttoorsagoove~ns
a direct lightning stroke in order to classify the lightning
for the various districts of the Union. It invited all Republic Academies sad
AN 8886 A t liatesto study the physics of lightning discharge and the geo-
physical and orographic influences on it.
The section urged the mapping of thunderstorm regions in West Siberia,
when's the next Five-Year-Plan will
tan
b
ki
,
s
e
the Per Beat, Kazakhstan and Uz
call for large-scale construction of electric-power lines. This work had to be
inalmded in the plans of the Republic Academies and AE 8888 Affiliates.
rdr- n in.ee g Ins~uut
The section favored organizing a grow in. the Powe
e
for the purpose of studying the physics of lightning,
in the Ministry of Power Plants to study the influence o" lightning on power
lines and instiumants.
a
Cerreeponding Member, AN SSSR, reported on "Ilectrio
M. P. Koatanieo,
Machine Constraotion."
The section approved the plan of the Laboratory of Mleotrioall hinee
in the Power-Eagineerrog Institute to develop new ideas, both prac Uni
scientific, on eleetrir-l machines with epeoialMfeaturess~(aoousntt_ffrequenoy
l
e
i-o
speed and alternating frequency, a mnonine vi w -
The section realized the importance of laboratory participation in
studying the problems of DC power transmission end admitted that eleotro'
aag stio ybenomw in electric machines end DC lastrwsate must first be
studied.
For successful laboratory work one must strengthen the experimsntsl
nee, increase the personnel, and solicit the participation. of borrespoading
ineering institutes of theIlepmblic Aseda des in
stories of power-e g
wozEieg out theoretical questions on electrical machines. In psrttOUJax, Wasp
construction and application
k
t
wor
s,
questions (those of autonomous power ne
of spacial electrical machines, such as electric motors ft: wind-power
engineering and various agricultural plants; eta.) can sued should be studied
?statute sae. laboratories of
n
g
in *be lahoratories of the Power En6laeen
the Eep'ablio Academies. The cooperation on the.. questions within the AD NO
with a corresponding coordination of work with the eleotKosl msohine.bdilding
organizations, will be essential to the UM national economy
It is particularly Saportent to increase Ohs factory production poto?tial
erimental objects.
nd ex
p
to gsaraatee the rapid construction of models a
iniature-scale operation with
(
m
on the problem of electric modeling
models), the section-beard a report of I. I. Ote aekher, Doctor of Teshaiokl?
Power E gineering?"
i
n
Soieeess, "operation with Electric diadele
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rose, 9etho&a and calculations in solving many problems of power-engineering.
The: is and instruments produced make it possible to recommend this method
for solving the following most important problems: analysis of the stability
of dynamic systems with may degrees of freedom and control systems; and cal-
The theory an?. practice dereloped by the Power Engineering Institute,
AN - '.n artificial electric model1n of physical phenomena has ,;,proved
constructions of universal models (electric integrators), which have been de-
velgyed by the electric modeling laboratory for research and calculation
The section reeoeomemted that the power-engineering institutes of the
Academies of Sciences of the Republics and. Al 8398 Affiliates use the standard
coordinating this work in the Coanission for High-Pressure Steam of the Power
Engineering InstituteyAN 8888. The section approved the practical results of
the work done by the power -engineering department of the Institute of Industrial
Problems, Al Estonian 838, in utilizing methods of layer.cembustion of shale in
boiler fireboxes, and the research work planned by the Institute in the field
of compartment combustion of shale in fireboxes of high-pressure steal boilers.
Plans for research in thermoteohnios, presented by representatives of
the Poser Yngineering Institute, Al 3885, but also in power-engineering
institutes of the Republic Aoadesales of Sciences and Al 8885 Affiliates,
"The Problem of High-Pressure Steam," by M. A. Styrikovieh, Corresponding
Member, Al S8 , "Hydrodynamics of Theo-Phase Currents in Pipes," or S. I.
bosterin, Doctor of:Teoh*rioal Sciences, and "Combustion of Estonian Shale in
the Fireboxes of Steam Roiloire," by Eh. X. True, 'Candidate of Technical
Scieaoen. The section found it necessary to continue this,:vork not only in
For the successful development of 'methods and enlargement of the rings
of applications in power engineering, the efforts of the Power-Engiiering
Institute Al 8338, must be united with the power-engineering institutes of
the Republics and with the Affiliates of the AN 9338 by coordination of the
various work plane and programs.
In the sectionon thermotechnica, 'the following reports were heard and
questions in the national economy of the above named Republics.
In the interests of closer coordination in thersoteobnios, it was
decided to bold smnal conference, of representatives of the institutes of
Republic Aosdemiss of Sciences and AN 8888 Affiliatest and to seek further
The section expressed the desire that the Power- nginsering Institute,
'Aserbaydahan AN, and the Thermoteohnical Institute, Al 8888, studylwthodt of
Academies of Silences of sstonla, e_erb ydzhan, Georgia, tasbMstan, Ukraine;
belorussla, and the West Siberian branch of AN 8834 were also discussed.
diy, Senior Soisntifio Collaborator, and "Problem on the Stability of Parts
of Gas Turbines," by A. P. ?ilippov, Corresponding Member, Al 8855.
as follower "Cesylex Power-Chemical Utilization of Fuel," by A. 3. Chernyshev,
Corrseposd! g Member, AN 8885, "Pleaelese Surface Combustion," by M. 3,
Ravish, Dostor of t s sal bolemose, "RIO-TsmVs .itmrS Ptooessing at F1r1,"
by A, A. Rpos]da, Theater of Technical Selena", "Te Wait of the Deparkei,dt of
s 211140101941 of the Pacer Ragiaeering Institute, AR 888&," by D. Ta. ALtsodl'-
The power-chemistry section heard and discussed the following reports
coordination by srAtanging data, bs orgsnising expeditions, by scientific
reports, by exchange of results on completed works, and by printed publications.
COnFILiATLAL
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in the national economy as it provides the means of obtaining, besides heat
energy, a large quantity of, valuable r- material frrm local types of solid
fuel, synthetic liquid fuel, lubricating oils; plastic substances, and other
chemical products.
Of the three elementary methods of heat-processing solid fuel, coking,
seeicoking, all gasification, the two latter methods permit more extensive
exploitation of various types of solid fuel. Increasing the amount of raw
material for high-temperature fuel processing (coking) is very important.
In connection with increasing the gas supply for cities and industrial
enterprises, great importance is attached to questions of rational gas
combustion, especially the tasthod of flameless combustion.
The studies condacteu in the Power-Engineering Institute, AR SSSR, such
as semicoking of fine-grained fuel, gasification of fuel uncle* high pressure,
new methods for high-temperature processing of fuel, and methods for TlAmelese
surface combustion of fuel -- all have great scientific and practical value.
They have revealed great opportunities for the practical application of power-
chemical exploitation of various types of solid fuel, especially out peat,
small coal fractions aM lignite, *to. The experiments begun by the Power-
Ruginsering Institute, AN 88SR, on undergroun& distillation of oil shale and
on gas turbine problems are likewise of great interest.
To obtain a more complete and rapid solution of the problem of the
power-chemical exploitation of various solid fuels, and to secure large raw-
material resources for the manufacture of chemicals and synthetic liquid fuels.
in the following year.
The conference has shown whnt enormous possibilities for solving great
scientific probl.us of power engineering exist-In the pmr-WaInGWIMB
inatitutes of Republic Academies of Sciences arA.AN S Affiliates.
Like the other seot.lons, the power-chemistry section express-1 the desire
to hold annual conferences to coordinate research in the power-ongineeriag
institutes of the Republics e.M AN $8 Affiliates so that there might be
use of aas in varinnnbrannhw..of the Thralnian. national coo==7,
The section gave special attention to the question of organizing in the
AN SSA research work on exploitation of gas in connection with the art .8ive
At the same time, the representatives invited to the Oenferense frees the
various ministries, research institutes, and industry reAdered positive help in
developing more extensive cooperation of forces and resources, as well ae in
A. a result of the conference it was possible to coordinate the re.w .4 in
poser engineering along definite lines and to estatlish a more expedient
distribution of scientific repoi+te by exchange of isforiation, consultation,
GSA psraOnai contact amtng the scientists.
and printed treatises -- 01 these peimittod the oosderenoe participants to
gain exhaustive material on the activity of the pow r-enginNring institutes.
Reports to the plenue end sections, active exchange of opinions, in-
spection of uhe Pover Noginecring institute lahoretories, auiontifio reports
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