SCIENTIFIC - CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600220097-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 28, 2011
• Sequence Number: 97
• Publication Date: April 18, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/28: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600220097-1
CENTRAL IN REPORT
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Scientific Chetaical Industry
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED 1948
LANGUAGE Russian
Ape owason N~e?AIN HNMavbi unman" not IITOau ewvis
M 9aA aanM Some Ofnala no mum" 9. sM.Hf.?CT. S?
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1948
DATE DIST. /$ Apr 1949
NO. OF PAGES 3
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFOR^qATION
SOURCE , ISsulcc s", Ro 5, 1948. (7DB Per Abe 67T -- Tranlation requested.)
Sugar from Wood
UBSB timber resources, which make up one third of the world's total, forest
acreage, are important sources of raw siaterial for the chemical industry.
Cellulose, obtained from wcad, in utilized in the manufacture of paper,
artificial silk, cellophane, add explosives. When food is subjected to a
saooharification process it is possible to obtain alcohol, glycerinq glucose,
lactic sold, ,acetic acid, and other organic compounds.
The ,present Five-Year Plan calls for yearly preparation of a quarter
billion out'.* motors of timber. However, only about -30 to 35 percent of a tree
is utilised while the remaining 65 to 70 percent is considered %aste. Formerly,
this waste was need exclusively for fuel purposes. Recently, however, mmch
of the waste has been converted into edible substances or into raw material
for the chemical ;dust-y. Thus it has been shown that one ton of wood
tailings produced as mccbalcohol as cue ton of potatoes or 300 kilograms of
grain. It has been determined that BC,.small -ill, equipped with only two saws,
will be able to produce enough tailings for a yearly production of one million
liters of alcohol, flay, wild plant life, undergrowth, marine plat life have all
been considered good food and technological raw materir:e sources. Research
has dsteraiaefi that one ton of hay will produce as much as 150 liters of
alcohol.
Alcohol flaw Tlsilinge
In 1931 Professor V. I. Sharkov of the Leningrad Wood Technical Institute
started to saocharify tailings. by 1933, there was regular production of
wool alcohol at the Chernow.atn Experimental Station. In 1935 the first
largo hydrolysis ?lent was built. The raw materials used at this plant in-
cluded tailings from lumber enterprises ani waste from cellulose paper
factories.
-1-
CLASSIFICATIO
RATE MAW
MN9 Ns
flans
Fsl
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At the cellulose and paper factories about 4 percent of the wood pulp
was discarded after processing. This was considered waste. Furthermore, it
had a high sulfur content and had to be purified before being deposited in
rivers. Srperiments showed that if this 4 percent waste -ins treated properly,
saes 60 to 70 percent of the sugar it contained could be converted. into alcohol.
The residue after this process still contained enough .sugar.' to warrant its
use as food for cattle. The liquid resulting from the process was treated
to 1r6ndlfacturO a bonding material used in foundry work. It was ,determined
that one ton of this bonding material could replace 0.5 ton of dextrin, or
0.33 ton of drying oil, or 1.45 tons of molasses.
The cost of manufacturing rood alcohol is very low. It is further lowered
by using the by-products as cattle feed. Today after the saccharification
process, wood chips produce up to 90 percent by weight of glucose. This is
in the form of molasses which can then be further refined into alcohol or
cattle fee.
Itch year Soviet agriculture wasted mauy million tons of grass, etc.
Soviet soia4nce came to the rescue, NA now mach of this former waste is
utilized. or ez le, H. A. Syohev and H. X. Chetverikov developed a method
for obtaining molasses from hay and wheat chaff. Academician Poray-Loshita
developed a method for oonverting sunflower seed shells into a substance
know as faarfurol, used in the manufacture of plastics, as well as in anti-
acid coatings.
Professor Pervozvanekiy and Professor Kurbatov developed a method for
obtaining alcohol from low grade peat. This is a valuable discovery since
alcohol is utilized in some 5,000 ways.
Hydrolysis has bean adopted for breaking dour: complex sugar coispuands
into simple ones. This is accomplished by hydrolyzing a ..agar solution
fumed by adding eater to a oisplez sugar. Large hydrolysis plants have
been built to sacobarify wood and plant products. Sacchsrification cannot
take place in cold water. Consequently, an acid or acid salt catalyst has
to be added.
In this sacoharifioation process, the wood tailings are reduced to chips.
They are then subjected to an tcid 'oath at tesperatures around 200 degrees.
This process converts mo.'e than half of the wood into an impure sugar
solution. lxltseing takes out the lignin in the solution and prepares it
for final processing. The sugar solution is then alkalized by adding lima
water to m utralize the hiE;h acid content. The mixture is heated at 60
to 30 degrees for a period of 4 to 5 hours, filtered, and the filtrate cooled
to 25 degrees. 7wastio added and after 24 to 36 hours "crude" alcohol is
produced. Thic is that refined, and the reeriting alcohol is ready for
distribution.
Permeate in the Air
yeast and mold are Boas of the most beneficial form of fungus which
float free in the air. There are also the zyrarotes which change liquids
i.-dto wine, beer, etc. read contains about 6 to 7 percent albmmin, meat
20 to 25 percent, and fungus as mach as 45 percent. Cultivation of fm=
produces albuainoua yeast. Other valuable volde are those belonging to the
penicillin family.
The contr lled action of yeasts and other microorganisms changes
wood into alcohol and several other by-products. Prom one ton of dry
shavings it is possible to manufacture 650 kilograms of edible sugar,
300 kilogram of lignin, and 40 kilogram of acetic acid. However,
-- I IAL
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/28: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600220097-1
AL
dePend$ug on the feas?atation exd Processing nrathod., thie same ton of W*rlW
elU produce 370 liters of pure alcohol, 100 kilograms of ;
kilograms of edible yeast. aniL 5W
]Y, Lucia the saooharification process, the Wood is acted on by io
acid, the reraltiaggproduct is not alcohol but g1 .sins. Glycorisaa output
is. wte3 about 25 percent of the original auger content.
?east is a v& 1=103s untritioml substance. One kilogram of dry yeast
contains as oh albumin as 5 kilos of meat. At preset, it is posrib.s
to prodUce 20C to 250 kilograus of. di7 yeast in a aabio ~aeter vat every 24
More. no aaxtrient solution for droriug Yeast needs to naatain. only 1 to
1.5 p ent wood sager, but this =all amount In: a. averted 83 percent into
Qkmft. leak liter of yeast solution produces 15 to 17 grace or albrmin
AUX can be filt ed out and than pressed into cakes. Thus,with`the aid.
,of Ideracreuxlems it is possible to obtain saterlala ekloh contain up to 50
DUVOM .U14 assiadlatet elbauia.' Albuminous yeast is used to feed oaaetl+
ant thus It is possible to; obtaft Vitamin 3 cautaUdag *M evim lii iAtpr..
$e ebs v an gown on, aqaom solutions od'.eocd sugar produce 30 to
percent fatg.frau.uhiok edible a, intwtrial fats are obtalind.
0 NIIAL
50X1-HUM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/28: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600220097-1