SCIENTIFIC - CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80-00809A000600220097-1
Release Decision: 
RIPPUB
Original Classification: 
C
Document Page Count: 
3
Document Creation Date: 
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date: 
June 28, 2011
Sequence Number: 
97
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
April 18, 1949
Content Type: 
REPORT
File: 
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PDF icon CIA-RDP80-00809A000600220097-1.pdf230.35 KB
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/28: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600220097-1 CENTRAL IN REPORT COUNTRY USSR SUBJECT Scientific Chetaical Industry HOW PUBLISHED Monthly periodical WHERE PUBLISHED Moscow DATE PUBLISHED 1948 LANGUAGE Russian Ape owason N~e?AIN HNMavbi unman" not IITOau ewvis M 9aA aanM Some Ofnala no mum" 9. sM.Hf.?CT. S? DATE OF INFORMATION 1948 DATE DIST. /$ Apr 1949 NO. OF PAGES 3 SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT NO. THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFOR^qATION SOURCE , ISsulcc s", Ro 5, 1948. (7DB Per Abe 67T -- Tranlation requested.) Sugar from Wood UBSB timber resources, which make up one third of the world's total, forest acreage, are important sources of raw siaterial for the chemical industry. Cellulose, obtained from wcad, in utilized in the manufacture of paper, artificial silk, cellophane, add explosives. When food is subjected to a saooharification process it is possible to obtain alcohol, glycerinq glucose, lactic sold, ,acetic acid, and other organic compounds. The ,present Five-Year Plan calls for yearly preparation of a quarter billion out'.* motors of timber. However, only about -30 to 35 percent of a tree is utilised while the remaining 65 to 70 percent is considered %aste. Formerly, this waste was need exclusively for fuel purposes. Recently, however, mmch of the waste has been converted into edible substances or into raw material for the chemical ;dust-y. Thus it has been shown that one ton of wood tailings produced as mccbalcohol as cue ton of potatoes or 300 kilograms of grain. It has been determined that BC,.small -ill, equipped with only two saws, will be able to produce enough tailings for a yearly production of one million liters of alcohol, flay, wild plant life, undergrowth, marine plat life have all been considered good food and technological raw materir:e sources. Research has dsteraiaefi that one ton of hay will produce as much as 150 liters of alcohol. Alcohol flaw Tlsilinge In 1931 Professor V. I. Sharkov of the Leningrad Wood Technical Institute started to saocharify tailings. by 1933, there was regular production of wool alcohol at the Chernow.atn Experimental Station. In 1935 the first largo hydrolysis ?lent was built. The raw materials used at this plant in- cluded tailings from lumber enterprises ani waste from cellulose paper factories. -1- CLASSIFICATIO RATE MAW MN9 Ns flans Fsl Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/28: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600220097-1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/28: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600220097-1 At the cellulose and paper factories about 4 percent of the wood pulp was discarded after processing. This was considered waste. Furthermore, it had a high sulfur content and had to be purified before being deposited in rivers. Srperiments showed that if this 4 percent waste -ins treated properly, saes 60 to 70 percent of the sugar it contained could be converted. into alcohol. The residue after this process still contained enough .sugar.' to warrant its use as food for cattle. The liquid resulting from the process was treated to 1r6ndlfacturO a bonding material used in foundry work. It was ,determined that one ton of this bonding material could replace 0.5 ton of dextrin, or 0.33 ton of drying oil, or 1.45 tons of molasses. The cost of manufacturing rood alcohol is very low. It is further lowered by using the by-products as cattle feed. Today after the saccharification process, wood chips produce up to 90 percent by weight of glucose. This is in the form of molasses which can then be further refined into alcohol or cattle fee. Itch year Soviet agriculture wasted mauy million tons of grass, etc. Soviet soia4nce came to the rescue, NA now mach of this former waste is utilized. or ez le, H. A. Syohev and H. X. Chetverikov developed a method for obtaining molasses from hay and wheat chaff. Academician Poray-Loshita developed a method for oonverting sunflower seed shells into a substance know as faarfurol, used in the manufacture of plastics, as well as in anti- acid coatings. Professor Pervozvanekiy and Professor Kurbatov developed a method for obtaining alcohol from low grade peat. This is a valuable discovery since alcohol is utilized in some 5,000 ways. Hydrolysis has bean adopted for breaking dour: complex sugar coispuands into simple ones. This is accomplished by hydrolyzing a ..agar solution fumed by adding eater to a oisplez sugar. Large hydrolysis plants have been built to sacobarify wood and plant products. Sacchsrification cannot take place in cold water. Consequently, an acid or acid salt catalyst has to be added. In this sacoharifioation process, the wood tailings are reduced to chips. They are then subjected to an tcid 'oath at tesperatures around 200 degrees. This process converts mo.'e than half of the wood into an impure sugar solution. lxltseing takes out the lignin in the solution and prepares it for final processing. The sugar solution is then alkalized by adding lima water to m utralize the hiE;h acid content. The mixture is heated at 60 to 30 degrees for a period of 4 to 5 hours, filtered, and the filtrate cooled to 25 degrees. 7wastio added and after 24 to 36 hours "crude" alcohol is produced. Thic is that refined, and the reeriting alcohol is ready for distribution. Permeate in the Air yeast and mold are Boas of the most beneficial form of fungus which float free in the air. There are also the zyrarotes which change liquids i.-dto wine, beer, etc. read contains about 6 to 7 percent albmmin, meat 20 to 25 percent, and fungus as mach as 45 percent. Cultivation of fm= produces albuainoua yeast. Other valuable volde are those belonging to the penicillin family. The contr lled action of yeasts and other microorganisms changes wood into alcohol and several other by-products. Prom one ton of dry shavings it is possible to manufacture 650 kilograms of edible sugar, 300 kilogram of lignin, and 40 kilogram of acetic acid. However, -- I IAL Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/28: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600220097-1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/28: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600220097-1 AL dePend$ug on the feas?atation exd Processing nrathod., thie same ton of W*rlW elU produce 370 liters of pure alcohol, 100 kilograms of ; kilograms of edible yeast. aniL 5W ]Y, Lucia the saooharification process, the Wood is acted on by io acid, the reraltiaggproduct is not alcohol but g1 .sins. Glycorisaa output is. wte3 about 25 percent of the original auger content. ?east is a v& 1=103s untritioml substance. One kilogram of dry yeast contains as oh albumin as 5 kilos of meat. At preset, it is posrib.s to prodUce 20C to 250 kilograus of. di7 yeast in a aabio ~aeter vat every 24 More. no aaxtrient solution for droriug Yeast needs to naatain. only 1 to 1.5 p ent wood sager, but this =all amount In: a. averted 83 percent into Qkmft. leak liter of yeast solution produces 15 to 17 grace or albrmin AUX can be filt ed out and than pressed into cakes. Thus,with`the aid. ,of Ideracreuxlems it is possible to obtain saterlala ekloh contain up to 50 DUVOM .U14 assiadlatet elbauia.' Albuminous yeast is used to feed oaaetl+ ant thus It is possible to; obtaft Vitamin 3 cautaUdag *M evim lii iAtpr.. $e ebs v an gown on, aqaom solutions od'.eocd sugar produce 30 to percent fatg.frau.uhiok edible a, intwtrial fats are obtalind. 0 NIIAL 50X1-HUM Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/06/28: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600220097-1