CHEMISTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600220181-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 27, 2011
• Sequence Number: 181
• Publication Date: April 15, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL s
INFORMATION FPtOM
? FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RAIafJ BROADCASTS CD N0.
COUNTRY II88It
SUBJECT Chemistry
FLOW
t'UBLISFIED D9onthly pericdioal
WPiERE
PUBtISMED NOecor
DATE
RUBLI~HED 1948
LA~iGUAGE ~uesan
.DATE DIET.>SApr 1949
N0. OF PAGES 5
SUPPLEk1ENT TO
REPORT N0.
THIS iS UNE\/ALUATED INFORMATIOK
Eauka ?;Shen.', 110 5, 1948. (~ Par Abe b7='I -- Tranml.ntlon requoeted.}
The great sohls~esesntq of present-day chemistry are based oa szpsrieaos
gAiaed Sa the poet 100 to 150 years. The grenteet~ds~elopmsnt has ocourred La
the 20t}: oe~ury. D~iag this period of development the vorid xas introduoed
io eaoa ieeque boTlst selsntiste' ann clseesists ee ~onoeor, nenoeleyev, lfutl~roY,
sad others. The east resarkable derelopnent, hoverer, vas seen in the field of
argsssia oae~omds. Thsretors, it is aov possible to nee malty cheap ~d plentiful
osganio ooe~oimde. issetsad ~f eoeresr sad Wore expensive aaeryounda. This has
bean saotmgsllehed b7 erteneire ezploitation 0f car-sreterisl eonroes euah ae oil,
opal, aad natural gas. Mnoh has also been aoocapliehsd !n the field of high-
egleoular oos~ouade. 1(asy~ i~gproressente bare been mnde in euoh ohemionl fields
ae oate.]Jste, snpe~ pressures, phatochsDtioal radiation, deep fressiag, sto.
EonsTSr, the wort l+apOrtant aohieTSmeat rce tho d:soorery of suthoQs for acing
lairs-4toeio, nnolsar saergy. Some of the problems 8otiet oheaiet~e hope tc
sols~ !a the suer tntrzr ere ae follores
Thse~e appears to be a teadenoy to utilise elements rhioh hn~e high Clarks
nnsbsrs. (pusbsrs determining in peraeat the p^oportional ooatsat of a given
element !n a girsa oossic body or part thereof; some of these e'.emeats, are
attmnel ?aeor, esa ?-a" .r, etc.
~.a]~nt f Raralatsrial Sourced for the Chsmioal Industriae
Btadies in this field have tro ob~ec~i~ee: (1) better ezploitation of the
Wars oas~m s].wsnte, sad (2) Tettsr utilizntla3 of t;se rarer elements. At
prNSSat, 1L i~ diftianlt to point out eq> perticulns element sad say that St
1s not being utilised in ons or another of Lna teohswlogiaal or roisatifio
tislds. lot eo long ago, font air elements reTe diaoorsrsds asptnnius (93),
plolaml~ (9~), eiaerioiut (95), and euriu>t (96}. Sinoe the dieoorery of vN
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..SOURCE
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alvminlum (7.~ Clarke), silicon (26 Clarke), sodium (2.k Clarkej;and others).
Until recently there was no fullutilisation of raw materials. In mFayy
imdaatsies by-groduats ware considered waste. $ow, for ezample, in the sulfuric
aoid industry, man, valuable by-products euah ae gold, arsenic, selenium, tellur-
ium, pnd thallite are obtained. Y of these by-products are more valuable than
the principle producty thus, one kilogram of thallite ie 5,000 times more valuable
thou the same amount of sulfurio said, sad selenium is about 300 times more
valuable than an oquivaleat amount of sulfuric acid.
Au4am1 and plant life resources ere dimialehing, while the mineral resources
axe still relativell uatouohed. Consequeat]y, proseat-day chemical science la
Satexeeted in rep acing organic rev-material sources by mineral resources. For
szample, ethyl alcohol vas at ens time produced on]y from grain or Potatoes.
Iov, duo to ch~iaal progress, it is possible to manufacture this alcohol from
arudp oil, wood, or frcm csllulosa am-paper by-Products, synthetic rubber
manufaatured from acetylene obtained from oalalum oarbide Sa replacing natural
rubber is many fields.
To fwrthes illustrate the great economise obtained, the folloviag ezsmple
is givsa. Alcohol is required in the manufacture of high-grade synthetic rubber.
Soave 2.2 tons of nlaohol are necessary to produce one ton of rubber. Sight to
nine tone of rye or 22 teas of potatoes are necessary to produce, 2.2 tone of
alcohol. Thus, if the synthetic rubber industry uaos wood alcohol, or alcohol
obtainned 4Y~m erode oil, the peoples of ?he soviet Union will be mole to convert
an ndditioasl 8 heotarae of rye or 2 hectares of potatoes into food Y~ather than
into industrial produate.
8mthssis of lfsw Ch~oal Productg
Beasuse of the grant nchievemente in the synthesis of new ahsmioal produate
the present aeatury hoe often been termed the "8yathetio Chemistry Century.".
~._.,... ...a.... tt,. r~~eult of asnthasie. some of the better
k~u>xa-ease are istraethyllead (TY8) sad insecticides sad fungiBilrontieMteuah-give
been saoaeip3lshsd in the field of metallo-organic compounds.
is this ]asL field are A. lf, Iesmeyaaov, a. A. Soohetkov, and others.
Teolmologioal progress is coastnntly requ?.ring sew developments in the field
of ohssdetry. The dsvelop~meat of het engines heralAed the et~~R~ of new fuel
aubatsaose rhioh r~ald aeeL +?he operhtionnl demands of het anginas. Contemporary
nediosl soienos urea muoh to achievements la the field of ahenietry.
Oiw vital tact facing praoent-day soviet chemists 19 the determiaatioa of
tae reLstioaahip betxssa the ve:.~ious properties of a given eubstancq by studying
its mturs sad etruc.:ure. Aaademioiaa F. 8, Saimtov's dieoavery of physical
ahaloal aaalsis ie being cell utilised toward the determination of the above
relationahipe.
The UBSR ie vitnsseiag the growth of a new field of illumination eaglneer-
ing, based on She discovery of luainsaoent %ubes by Academician S, I. Yavilov sad
others.,
Conetruotion of m~;ohinery' for the ehemlcal industry requires new r+ateriale
as roll as new ~~sigas. Equipment hoe to be resietnnt to high temperatures and
pressures, ae roll as powerful acids. Eow it is possible to manufacture fibers
of pAlyamide xeelas like ay'.on'ind caprone.
The study of chmietry of Dyydrocarbcce hoe alvaya bees afield fn rhiah
Rnselan ahemiets have ezoelled. For ezample, there are the uchools founded by
A, M. Butlsrov, A. >!e. Fnvcrekij, E. D. Zelinekiy, and others. One m0.1or tact
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18i this hold is tho dete:eoiraat_a:~. of 39~9L~pirg ]~pdroc.at^:tins and ooneinaing
va'~?,?ue induatiree of the vsiue of ,:3':.g s~at?a ?~ytermediste products as methane,
aaotyleae, ett~.
Wood or mathyl slcohol v~.s Srrmariy anz,,::fsc*uxe3 by burning wood, Aow,
alcohol le manufactured by eyxtheeiting ezifes o? -a: bon ~1 hydrogen. Acetic
acid, acetone, ethyl alcohols, e.ad sonny a*her prvduyte ae nov being manufactured
.Tc!tbetioal.~ form minerals rather *.haa f`^om p2aut matter. Groat atxidae are
being leads to e'ritheaize such ;,aeic sure+.~.,ee 3.~ >~.teaiaa, :,ormonbe, snit fate.
btuoh work still has to ba dono to 33t.e."x'ne the :..store of the oomploz.
structure of elbuwin, ae we1l as the very 3if?icL~t task of 9ytheeixiag this
material.
Of pertiou7or interest, am +.he A^p~oge of IDBnJ/ natural compounds, pertia-
u]nrly those erhich havo medici:;a?. value,
There Se also a rapidly growing pro3uation of aez harmonee. Heeearah 4e
being carried out oa the possibility of ~~cthoeizi:+.g antibiotiae such as peniail-
1$a?-gramttoidia, etreptomyaln, and others.
1bdsrn ohemlasl teohnologq here made pUeaible t}~e maaufaature of maw dif-
ferent typeh of plastics vitb soma rerA.:kable properties, For ezemple, a ;laetio
eiaea of pol,'ohlorovA~Ldeaochlort.3e"+..11 vithstan3 loafls of 7,000 kilograms per
.,equate. aentirsetax. ?,8, ~, I.ebedev, Q, E. Petrov, 8, A. tTnhnkcV, and their oo-
rortere hate been very antiva In this field,
The use of rare eetrlei In a~o~e increases their ha;dneae, chemical
etabilit~, and heat reei..taaoe. This ie an impor`.,ant teahaologiaal devslop-
aent vhioh can bo well t1?ed is tha producti~^a of aefense itese in eleotrianl
eagiaeeriag, iltutination engineer}ng, medicine, aanlytioal chemistry a~ other
rield..
Thars L Dartiau]arly crest t~++.wr..+ 9., ~L~ ,...... __,.___.
.o y+~+y,.oeeia~j royla~.
The theeretioal groundrork is in progress .*or the synthesis of these mntorials
vhioh xi't raeult is higher teohaicai qualities. Aev methods are being evolved
-~~~. ?~smu+o yrvpOi'Llee.
An]onerrst of g+rc+ and Iaflrovomeat q_ Old Production tkooeeaet
.. _.,j,o.. ww ,.a auaa[~ owuL
ohemieal rssAtiome. One of the beet knwa methods ie the use of oata]yets. In
-,.....,.,..,6 .o-~ i:a~u yreseures.
~osllest results have been obtained by the cabbiaed use of oatalyets and high
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wtts~~y' (2) establi?uirg'the sphere o~e,~tivi*_.y of ntomlc energy rnd kratecting
ltosksre from the harmful effecto of -Giiation, aid ~3) davelop~ng end diecover-
it~g nev;rsae-mriterial eor~:cee.
Awslcpmonta in the chem2cal fiel9 hays been greatZ,jr aided by eohievemeate
tibaa to t$e equipaaent used is chemical techablogy. More recently, the cyclotron
and betatroxi'hd~e taken their place ataong the ~erioue technical aldn available
~e'tt_llmtht~d?,~SF A~n,J~le and fo. Gpatralli.z~ Product?on Y:~oceeeeM
?tMo tma'.~.:a. are very evident la prseeat~dey aaalrytlcal chemletro:
(1~ great davelopanent of physical and pl~yeicoahemical stethods{ and (2) direct
dstsrseiaation of chemical elements -yn3 compounds. Much xcrk is preeertly being
llo7ae la tbs ~],ytl:cel chemiet_~?y bf rare elerDente. It must be remembered that
ohsetiatry U xery eloaely allied to other fiela~s of science end that n good
aoais],tioal: ahs~4.rt multi also be a good p'nysicist and pir~ysionl obemist. "s"he
la4,poduotion of physical and phyaieochemicai methods into ,analytical chemistry
in's~g cease permits coutin*w+aia and automatic control of graductlon processes.
8t~?,LQf tj~e 8truoture of Mettez~z Iatrn- tomic ?ad 1l~ilecular Proo?esee
Bolutien oS prob~eme dealing vith atomic energy ie dependent on a good.
Closely related to the study of etomic energy ie the study of tho nature
and properties of isotopes. lhrture research s9ould attempt to solve problems
dealing with the eonoentration of isoto;ee se that they oaa be better utilized.
Th~.use of vavs mechanics and electron theorles permitted a nex noproaoh
to Ileadeleysv's e]essiticatioa of elerxents. Soviet chemistry has been furthered
rating laportant discoveries 1a the field of oolloldhl chemistry end is the study
of snrfa0e phenomena. A, A, Shi1JV C`1d M, M, Dlbinia have dose much valuebls
have Lhs tack eY nlar~tfying the basic reactions in the fields of organic aaL ia-
organic aheaistry. Mcadwicias H, A, 8smenov has slre.dr accomplished much xcia
research is being carried oct to determine methods for intensifying the oombus-
Lion proosuss of solid fuels .
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~~~,of ~emist~y to Ot er F1? . of 8aig~:4g ~maineerina. anfl to the
~3ogieaetiy, sad otkeerr hate built up aoSevorthy organiratione for rtudying oat-
alyrtr a~dl t)seir sotivity.
the presar,ls??1. T6s produbtion of phosphate fertilizers ffiurt more thau ~onble
prr prodnotion, vhYle nitrogen fertiliser; moat esaeed prewar produotiaa by
80 psrosat. 'etw drselopmeatr bane to be oxploited by the ahenioal Suduatrgp for
elr, ^Chwrs squat bs gra'ater production of double rugarphoaphate, grantor use
of aitlrio aald progorsing of p11b?phatea, and a grantor produotion of potaariust
salts anA ixitrog~n :'fertilisers.
olo?ely ooan?otsd to the general oger-all daee3opsaent of the natibaal eaosasty.
It is hoyed"that ~7 1950 the ohemioal iaduetry still have grown l.5 ti!aer Drat
~1'raL-of the total lubber produotiba is 19j0.
1'hs"petapl?u~ lndsutries;bot7s be?a.gvorx the ta+k of Saprowing high-ooeans
garoliasr. 3b aooassplirh this 4L still br neaas.ary Lo build four oruds oil
orrokiag plants and :15 oil,refinsries.
It it tYOpsd that by 1~0 there will bs a yearlj produotioa of 920 million
pubis attest of gar obtained by underground garifioation. By then, ohessioal
inlurtriM anst pwrf~ot asthodr for obtaining 94:,,ocG font of liquid fuel Eras
oosl and rdalr.
Thr Tits Tsar Plan for the lusher industry oa1L for greater produotioa bf
aostio sold, ro~ia, aostats ?ol~ents, and turpsatins. Produoti:w in 1950 of
sloohol by ~Z'ol3sr is to bs seven times u large ar prewar produotion.
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