ECONOMIC - RAILROADS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600230577-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 15, 2011
• Sequence Number: 577
• Publication Date: June 20, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGE4q E ~.CE!NCY REPORT
INFORMATIt)N F~~lYI
PORgFGN ?acRitviENTS OR RaDer~ a~?ApCASTS CD NO:
COUNTRY
SUBJEL'T
HObV
PUBLISHED
YJHERE
PUBLiSFfED
f)ATE ,
LANGUAGe.'; ,
gcunomlc - RatJsc?da
Afon'thly psrlcdical
Moecrnr
Aug 195
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DATE DIST. ry? Jun 1y4g
No. OF PAGES 5
SUPPLEMENT TO
R-PORT NO.
TH16 15 UNEVALUATO:D INrORMATION
l',edaayn Promn?lrahlsnnoet' , %o a, 19!=g
Uffi OF EIJI,XJ10 :~9 CQ~tSt'RITCTION OF A NARRCN-GAUGE' I+AILP.t71kp
'.11~Y01 ..... 1.n vaJ v
xell ne wide-gauge railroads, are r.~.t fulfilli.?~g their p=ane because the roads n-e ,r,
not being built quickly enough. Timber ~uppliesaccumu'.ate, and locomotives stand Shco.
The timber Snduatry is receiving more bulldozers, and 1t will be able more epaedil;;
to build roads on which to send trains into timber x?egiona throughout the year. The
transport aetvork will acrce n large timber area regardless of the topography.
Th1.a article will disease use of the bullduzer i.r. construction of foreet? roads.
$ulldozere were used for road construction by the Sonetegorakly Admix.ietrattun
of tbs Dviaolea Trust, The experience gained ir_ their use will be described in this
artiole.
I, lY. Podol'skiy
1 lbrset Clearing
Eul.ldozere 7ere used to fell trees oa the planned 40-meter vide route of a narrow-
gauge road. One bulldozer fe:.led and uprooted trees on the rig;7*. etde of he route,
a~rey tnE,i . sw~tlx ~0 meters vide. A zacered bulldozer did the eclmc on the .left aide of
the route. A 'j~ - 70 mete! intsrvsl vas malntniaed between the dozers.
If the grMrth along the route had as average diameter of up *.0 20 centimeteso, the
felYinb xxxd uprw2ing was dens i~ the following manner. The operator directed the maohias
toward a tree or group of trees, hoisted the blade ae ulgh m possible, sad then gently
Pet the cuttir.,; edge against the tree. With one hand he held the hoisting lever, with
the other he put the naohiae ir. gear, sad gunned the motor, thus looeeaisxg the Lreo.
If the tree inclined forward qulak],}?, the operator shifted hie icse: into reverse.
Ya falling, the tree forcefully tents Stt! r:acts out of the ground. The operator
pulls the machine back so trat tie :Dote will be in front of him. Se Lhen lowers 7,h:. blade,,
ah3ite into liret gear, and poahee the tree ~1'f to the aide. ?1'he bulldozer operator eo~-
steatly regulates the height of tY,e blade with the head lever. Zf the blade should elide
up over .a root system or other felled deb: is, the bull3ozer. should be brcught to an
lmaediatd halt. After reversing a short distance, approach shoi.ld be made which w~~eid
pick up the lead from e, better pasitton.
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/18 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000600230577-7
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/18: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600230577-7
Nhpn the growth har+ an arera~e~ nitxme`,er at oheet helEht of more
than 2? centimeters, the opera,tar tries to ui;,oot the tepee at an angle of
45 degrees to t2sa Leval of the road. He dose not neceesaril~ take the"Cz?eea
out_ind:ividuolly, Lot ae many aR the variety and thickness of the tree and
the root system permit. He than approacres the tree cro?swise sad pashas
2't to the side,
Tu uproot heasy trees with diameters up to 60 centimeters, looaaa-
lu6v of the tree is sane not with the center F!;rt of the blade but f+ith the
iip. vhloh ie _sore eturd' and rigid. Zt the tree cannot be puehad orer,
at oornbr of;tho blade should b? used to undercut it from one or txa sides.
eu~ ert?nsivo root uyateme, Such trees fall to the ground'rith grant force
'mad pul.i the 'large 'root ewatem o the surface. If the operator dean hat
back up qui'rk];p xh11e the tree is falling; the r4ota may aatoh under the blade
sad lift the '~ulldoser up iatxo the air,. eo that it cannot .free itealf. In euoh
a situation, a eeoond traotcir'movee up to the "aaugkt" treater and pull? the
]attex^ Leone with a cable. If th? "caught" tractor drags the tree along xftls
ity the free bulldoxax' moat then push the tee? out Eros under the blade with 1is
ostni blade.
'=oloee ee poes3ble to the blade. Then a eenond cut shoo?s be made'about.
a half or full ureter from the first and the eared ou: portion of the true
ree~ovsd. 7'~a tractor should then be moved forward and baokvard, and turned
to the rightim?lei't, until the blade is frees.
In?uprooting tease, the cparator moat carefully xatnh tke direction
in whloh the tree le falling, especlal:y in tealiag pith spruce. Under no cir-
omestaaoes ie the tree to ue nlloxed to full on the traator.
Ia >?oute clearing, the reek of one more worker ie required. This
vorrer carefklly meaaurea the route, sees to the stakes, markers, angles of
turn, eto.
2, IIorooting utumpe and Brush Olearing
aster and speoiee .f stump. If the dinmeta.. of the stumps does not exceed
20 osntiseters, uprooting may be dons singly or several stumps at n tine.
The asthod ie the same ae in felling. The tractor operator moves
hie aaohins up to the stamp, raises the blade high enough so that the colter
?he sptor spued is increased and the stump begins to loosen. As soon ab the
rt7s~p ie tort: out of the ground, the operator reverses, drops the blade, and
pashas the stoup away.
The etusp may break off sad its roots rennin in the grom:d. In that
ease, the root is dug out with a oorner of the colter. uprooting stump of a
dineter greater than 20 centimeters is done nt an angle, ee v:th that vise
tees.
In areas to be cleared after trees have been cut doxa, is ie ,:esirabls
to leave rt~pa about one meter higL. In general, it is trine se easy to
uproot tress as stumps, because the xeight of the trunk tnoilitntee looaeling
the roots. )bet stumps have to be uprooted by first underoutting thb, Pueh-
~+g away the fallen debris tc ea envy task for the tractor.
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There were pisses n~ the route ri;y_,-? t?,ere vas s great d?~1 of xfnd-
fc11, {dheu a tractor accumu],ace tao heavy a pilo oP wadfell, a second.
tractor moved, ug and both treaters ?.cting t?cgether pushed the enormous pile
swag,
ftether felling of trees r.~r uprooting of stumps should be attempted
with a speeding tractor. Too much speed ;:cruses the trade or cable to bree3c,
splits the tree trunk, or cauuee same other undesirable result, Any of theao
eventualltiea would ha,^m the machine or can?? an unfartunate accident,
Brush cutting presents no diffioultiea. The oporatar lowers the
blade so that 3t cute the brush at a depth ~f ;~ - 15 centimeters below the
groamd, The roots which the blade encourtera do not halt the treater, !The
operator conatant~y regulates the position of the blade sn that it will not
cut too deepaq late the earth, Ab boon ag the load has been pushed beyond
the limits of the route, the cerator repoate.ahe operation,
3. Dfadiaag earth Tor RaiLoail $?ban2?neats
After the route of .the railroad bed has been cleared by a bulldozer,
it !o oleaa~ed of aL? vegetation end debris, The soil nog contains no oba?;ruot-
1ve bodies,and can be utilized for :onetructiaa oT the bed.
13ulldozera.are usoZ in the folloving mantter: a forea6n, using a tbeut,
silts 'oY eetiaatiag bq sight, carefully marks the azie of the'road with markfr s
oat b~argr 10 - 20 matere.< Pona1l notations, such as W - 1.2Q or $ - x.35
vhiah sigttity that the embankraant ie to be 1.20 ar d,35 meters high, era matte
on the mentors, Perpendlouler to the axis of the route, additional stakes are
set ae guides for the tractor operator. Bach stake bas a nr,~ber nad also
a notation of the height of the bed. When the bounderq linen have been deter-,
mined, the btlldoaer operator tat-s careful note of the atnkeelearne the height
of the bed, and sate to work,
The earth is tnten in equal amouate from the riles of the cleared
route b7 bulldozers working from bath sides eiaultes~ousiy, Both plot up
earth h'ca the algae of the route sad, build up as aa~ xulozsnt along the axis
of the route, After several of the stakes have boon passed, one of the bull-
dozers drives up onto and along the eabeaimeat, Jt taaspe the bed and level
the surfewe far j aeture, the width of its ble~da. The bulldozer mouse up
sad dorm the bud aoversl Cues until the embankment attalaa the predetermined
height. The bulldozer antes the final sornping in reverse with the blade
lwered .
A stilted wortoaa or foreman oheoka the be+~ height with ranging rode,
anl:.ag thr:s sighti,age? If additional failing ie required, s second bulldozer
do~w it. It is oleo wall to ohect the bed with a Lvoliag inntruaoaL.
11ot everq bulldozer cpsrator can do a good ,~,ob in levsliag t2+e earthen
e~bankmeat a)~g the azia of ~:3te route. Tt;ie fob ie nenal.~v dons by a high],
e;psz'ienaad operator, ?ho it able to dstermiae vieublq xl'et to do sad where to
do it. Sulldoss: opsrator Peter Tsreehia proved htaeelS as sapert is this
work.
?caotimee spots are enoountere~ vberP it ie Smposeibie to cam out
the lovsling operation lr~ediatslj, 'beosuee of the ~ietore in the ground, In
sash a osee, St Se better to raft a day or two until Lks bed hen dried out
ac~evhat.
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/18: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600230577-7
When two tractors are worieing to@eeher and *.?ho earth has to be brought
up f4?am a dl6tanoe of 50 m?terd, the tractors ~rork aide by aide, one-hmlf meter
apart, Thug, a natural strip of earth one-hai" mater aide remaPne between
thaat.. This Method prevents the earth from being iGSt ~,n the sides and permits
bigger loads to be carried over the 50-metea? d.9.stance. The stripe of earth ate
pis&ed up .later, when the esaavation has reached the depth planned tp provide
they vork.-theraver they can, nad push the earth onto the roaaDea ae requires.
If the bed is to be x~leed to m considerable. meignt and dirt Se net
available aloagsthe aided of the route, it is caught in the aoi~bori.ng
vioinity.' The same method is used for rondb~d conei;rubtitiYS in evor~y eaene.
Ia actual practice, roedbed.construatioa In eva:q;y areas vas not nlvaye
drahaags dltohoa, were a~ocgaeary. Soma time vas then permitted to elapse rnr
drying out the roadbed area. Thereupon, the bulldoztSre used tihe dried earth
for ooastruoti.ng the roadbed, and a permanent dralnage ditch ens left along
the rauta.
4. l/ekiag Cuts
When the earth from cute could not be utilized for fills; then the
out vas ;.,arrisd out by the lateral method. The operation vas begun from the
seater of the. route and vent first in one direction nad"then In the other, until
the out attain.rd the aeageaary depth. Whoa the cut xas deep enough, the bull-
dos~r began to push the earth to the ands of the cut. In this cnsa~ ae is 3ensYal.,
its ~:nt vne 1~ndo 1 - 2 meters eider then neeesaery so that t5e slopes of the
out could be conststtcted better and faster and did not require any hand labor.
Whsa the earth from cute was to to used for fibs, then the nut vas
carried out bJ the longitudinal method. Escnvation ie carried out in et:`ige,
the earth of which is removed one after the other. When all stripe have been
rsaoved, the tractor outs the e~opeb of the cut, Ynookirg the earth to the
bottot of the oat. Than the tractor cleans out= the cut egaia, and the operati m
ie finis?ed. The drainage Gitohee along the roadbed are dug by hand.
Teo bulldozers arrived nt the Eoaetegotrakiy ^'imber Administration
oa i0 October 79k6. Ia aLe montL's time, fr.ca 15 Octcbsr to 1~ Eovember,
they had worked 2y7 machine ':ours. In this time, they had clamed c route by
uprooting or xeeroving natural growth fro ; nn wren of about 190,000 equate
aetrve, About F3,000 cubic meters of heavy Berth had been handlod in ezcavntion
sad roadbed construction work.
Bulldotere are effective for earth-moving during the winter, it they
axe given the proper maiateaanae. However, tae scope of work uadertnkea eLottld
AoL be top grant, so ee not to permit the earth to freeze. Any work undertaken
should bs finished the same dsy or at the latest oa the eeco>yd day.
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Sn Jatauarar 19h7, the tinlldozere of the. timber asimia9;stration vorkod
300 meeo}aiama house. Dus~iiyg thiai inoath, they ^2e~rod routes , raptooted et~pe,
aade exoavetion~, and built 4mbnnlr~en$e
This exp?sienaq ehotre :that bu113osev s .aa bo utilized auaaess+lYa'_.~v is
dates os eaat and that aosaetavot ion of natroei- said v1Qo-gauge railroads of n
b1Y oLt'a''1ed oat s3o..~ttbr.~c''kiat tTae. eoil`a. 21ko, ~..
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