POLITICAL - COLLECTIVIZATION , ECONOMIC - AGRICULTURE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240406-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 406
• Publication Date: July 19, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/07: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240406-4 I
CI 9SSIFIC.. ZkON
CENTRAL INTELLIGWE'AGENCY
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY Yugoslavia
HOW
PUBLISHED Weekly newspaper
WHERE
PUBLISHED Bucharest
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANgUAGE
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DATE DIST. Jul 1949
NO. OF. PAGES
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
SOURCE ?od Zaetavom Internacionalisma ranti Tito emigre newspaper].
STATUS OF FARM WORKERS IN YUGOSLAVIA
Tito's order on the crop purchase of grain favors the kulak over the
small and middle farmer. As coupons for the purchase of manufactured goods
are issued, to farmers in proportion to the amounts of prodr-te they deliver,
and as Yulake have more land, they receive far more coupons, in fact, more Than
they need.
At the time contracts were signed (before
planting), farmers 9erd-
aurcaced 40 percent of the coupons due them. At that time there were sufficient
quaa?ities of manufactured products available in the markets. As the small
and uiddle farmers had no or practically no coupons, the kulake were able to buy
mere then their share. They fore able to buy several years' supply of farm
implements and other manufactured goods at _favorable prices.
Most kale.ks had a surplus of fodder coupons, which they sold to small
farmers and blue- and white-collar workers or gave to farmhands in exchange
for labor. Meanvhile, mull and middle farmers could not dbtain even the
most essential. manufactured goods bscause the markets have been empty sinoA
August `948. Thus, they were not able to redeem such coupons as they reoeivnd.
Such a policy directly strengthens the poeltiot of the kulake.
Besides grain, tho kulake sell livestock an! animal products to the state
at tied prices and for coupons. They thus acquire tens of thousands of
coupons, which they sell for cuss or 2 dinars in the Vojvodina, for example,
or for 3 to 5 dinars if they take them to Serbia. Thus,thr kulaks !ell
their produce at a price several timee the apparent price. Their costs are
-reduced because they can buy farm labor with coupons; while even middle farmers
are often compelled to work for kulake to obtain the barest necessities for
their families. By selling their quotas to the state for tied prices, the
kulake have cut their tax by 30 percent and made up for the cash fines
iiapoeed during the 1947 crop purchase. Hence, the kulaks' standard of living
rose rapidly during 1948, while small and middle farmers were often reduced
to beggary.
STAT
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/07: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240406-4
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/07: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240406-4
Equally difficult is the lot of farm workers in the so-called farm workers'
cooperatives. The "Zora Socijallzma"Farm Workers' Cooperative in Bela Crkva,
for example, had to deliver eight carloads of grain to the state, whether or not
it had enough left to feed its members. The cooperative received '0',100
coupons for 1,183 members, or not erough to buy one pair of shoes for each
member. The "Vardar" and "Slogs" Farm Workers' Cooperatives in Gndurica in
Vreac Srez grow grapes and do not have grain for food, nor can they obtain it
even by'selling all their wine to the state at the assigned prices. In Juno
19118 these two cooperatives had no bread for their members. Many farm workers'
cooperatives are without farm machinery and tools; many lack even draft animals.
Pciorly organized machinery stations cannot help the cooperatives, and the cooperative
farms lag behind the kulaks`,
The position of the kulaks is especially favorable in the so-call; .d
"groups for joint cultivation of the land," in which the kulake obtain the
farm labor of amall and middle farmers. In this type of "cooperative,"
small,and middle farmers and kulaks must divide up their lend and cultivate
it jointly. Each one collects the income from his own land, and a computation
animals of the 'small end middle farmers, and how mob physical labor the small
and middle farmers did on the kulak!o property. Thus, the Tito clique provides
must wait until the end of the year to receive it.
farm workers' cooperatives, using not only brute force but economic pressure as
well, tbrougb levies of taxes, meat, and fats. These measures fall heavily upon
the small and middle farmers. They must buy livestock from the kulake under
difficult terms, while the kulaks have both money and livestock' and can easily
survive the seizures.
ite of all this pillage of the farmers, workers in the cities are
In s
p
hungry, fat' the livestock and lard eei:,d from the farmers go almost exclusively
for export to the western countries.
When cooperatives are formed by this type of violence, and all kinds of
farmers join, the?kulake often have the major voice.
livery erez committee has seen ordered forcibly to form cooperatives
in every village. Communist Party -iembere kno- that this is impossible. After
visiting the scene in Vlasotince Sroz, the merbor? of the erez committee came
to thn conclusion that farm workers' cooperatives ,ould not be formed there.
The Control Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party was therefore obliged
to send out some of its own members - Melentije Popovic in Vlasotince Srez,
Drag! Staaenkovic in Lealrovac Srez, etc.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/07: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240406-4