ECONOMIC - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240430-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 430
• Publication Date: July 22, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
PUBLISHED Moscow NO. OF PAGES
WHERE
REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1>47
SUBJECT Economic - Electrical equip: ;nt industry
HOW DATE DIST. -yJul 1949
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
DATE
PUBLISHED Nov 1947
.LANGUAGE Russian
TNI/ DOCDIIONT CONTAINS INDOINATTON ATTICTINN TNN NATIONAL DAMN
Cl TNI UNITID NTATIN *11010 SNI "NANINN OF NOTIONANI ACT, 30
D. ^. C.. NI AND /I. AS A UNDID. ITS TRANIIIIOIOR ON No NIVIUTTOA
W IT/ iUNTINiO ID ANT NANNIA TO AN UNAUTNONIIIII PINION II IRO.
DINITID IT CA". IITIODUCTION OT TN;A F.R. II PIONINITOO:
.SOURCE
Vestnik Elektro-FroMvohleniost'.; No 11, 1947, (FDB Per Abe 37T15).
THIRTY YEARS HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTHICAL EStTi1MLNP
MANUFACTU IAG IN THE tBSR
Prof Yu. V. Butkevlch
Dr Toch Sci
All-Union Electrical Rngr
Inst imeni V. ,.Lenin
Soviet electrical equipment plants have now mastered the production of all
types of high-voltage switching equipment for voltages up to 220 kilovolts, oil
breakers, disconnecting switches, current transfora_ors, fusee, and arresters.
In the last Fev years, the "Proletariat" Plant, which formerly produced
only high-Voltage porcelain, has developed production of heavy-duty high-
voltage f::see and valve arresters.
One transformer plant has mastered production of potential transformers,
cascade instrument transformers, and high-voltage inductors.
High-voltage techniques in general, and equipment building in particular,
are fields where considerable domestic scientific research developments have
occurred. Enoimous laboratories, staffed by a large body of scientific
workers, are now in operation in the VEI (All-Union Electrical Engineering
Institute), the Leningrad Polytechnical Institute, and in the "Elektro-
apparat" Plant. At present, a large new laboratory for the study of interrupt-
ing -apacities is nearing completion.
The following accomplishments of the VII equipment laboratories s}'nuld be
mentioned: creation of a series of precision valve arresters and new valve
substances, investigation of the arc-extinguishing qualities of gaps with long
and short arcs, investigation of new arc-extinguishing materials, study of
processes of the gas-dynamics of air breakers and research on contacts with
high currents.
STATE
ARMY
50X1-HUM
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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The "Elektroappare.C KdLi L laooratoryhas, among other things, investigated
the electroregnetic and thermal processes in current transformers, the tbermal
and e'_ectrcdynamic phenomena in equipment, the thermal phenomena in contact
equipment and the processes of rr.-quenching in breakers.
This research served as a starting point for the deoigu of the high-voltage
equipment which is produced by the plant. The Electrical Instrument laboratory
of the Leningrad Electrical Engineering Institute did interesting work in the
study of free area end the conditions of their extinguishment, the movement of
arr,e in a maa^^t?i- field, on vroblems of the heating of equipment and buebars,.
'nd ir, the development of special measurin?; Instruments such as pressure indicators,
uoue ceciilogia;phs, and other instruments.
Design departments in various plants have been responsible for the develop-
meet of ouch important high-voltage equipment as VM, MGG, MBP, and other circuit
breakers, current and voltage transformers disconnecting awitoh3e and other
types of equipment..
appeared first. Although they were adequate fora number of years, none of these
are being produced now. The inerese6l demands of power systems required that
oil breakers be-redesigned, and as a result, new and better types appeared
(the vM-16, 'VM-23, VM 35, and others).
During 1931 - 1934, the 10-kilovolt "low-oil" breakers M G-223 and WY-'229,
were eucceesfully designed for stations ari subutattons with an interrupting
capacity of 500 and 1,500 millivolt amperes and arm still in use. About the same
time there appeared a series of heavy duty higji-voltage substation breakers,
the mp-76, MKP-153, the MW-183, and the MILD-274 (for 35, 110, 154, and 220
kilovolts).
Serious development of high-voltage breakers began at the "I;lektroapparat"
Hiph-Voltegs Circuit Breakers and Operating Mechanisms
In 1935, the "Uralelektroapparat" Plant produced a low-povor breaker,
the VW-22 (6 hi?.ovolts, 400 amperes), redesigned later as the VAfl-33 and
the VMG-133 (10 kilovolt6, 600 amperes, 350 mi:1-11vo]t amperes). "Iow-oil"
breakers for high voltages (35 to 110 kilovolts) were investigated, but only
experiarental models were actually hu.lt.
The need for high-speed heavy --ity switches, 18 increasing with the growth
of power systems. The MKP eerie ie u.-isatiefactory from the point of view of
durability. Recently, work was egun on a domestic series of air breakers for
35, 110, 154, and 220 kilovolts.
Air breakers have beater technical and operational properties than oil
breakers and require coneidorably lees material to build. They are explosion
proof easy to inspect, and superior in a number of other ways. The air
breakers being produced by Soviet plants are superior to well-known foreign
makes In several respects.
The VII is working out a new 35-kilovolt breaker.. Maximum simplicity
is combined with high speed and large interrupting capacity.
In 1947 the "Elektrcapparat" Plant started production of autogaeeous
breakers (gas-producing), with manual. spring operation for 10 kilovolts,
250 - 300 millivolt ampere. (VG-10) 'ith arc-extinguishing chambers developed
in the VII. These break6=e can be used on the equipment of distributing
grids and plant substations. A new type of arc-extinguishing material is em-
ployed in this switch. Autogaseous breakers are explosion proof and possess
OitfIAL
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developed simultaneously with the switches. The first eerier of electromagnetic
operating mechanisms, G?-40, GP-80, GP-125, and 19-175, was developed by the
"Elektroapperat" Plant before 1930. The introduction of the breaker series P P
and NGG required the production of the heavier-duty and improved operating
mechanisms PVS-150, PVM-4, a.zd PVM-108 which are still in use. In time, the
need for the more modern sole:.oid series, P6-10,. PS-20, and P6 30 became evident.
Fuses and Power Disconnects
Prewar fuses were inadequate. Their low breakdown voltage (15 kilovolts)
and flareback limited their use. Work begun in the VEI before the war led to
the development cf a new series (PK) with quartz filling for voltages of 3, 6,
10 and 35 kilovolts, with breakdown voltage as high as 200 kilovolts and for
nominal currents up to 50 amperes. Fuss with quartz sand have the remarkable
properties of restricting shcrt-circuit currents, breaking the circuit without
causing noise, flareback, or ga^see. In 1946 the nominal current for fusee was
raised to 100 amperes and in 1947 to 200 amperes.
The VII also developed new fusee (PET) with high breakdown voltage to
safeguard against short circuits In transformer voltages. These fuses are
not very large and have the same case for 3, 6, and 10 kilovolt voltages, due
to the use of a graduated fusible insert. They do not require the series in-
clusion of a current limiting resistance. Hence, the FLT fuse is very compact.
The production cf fuses with high breakdown voltage for nominal currents
raised the problem of new devicee, called power disconnects, intended for
cutiing out operating curren-w3. The combination of power disconnects and
fuses often tykes it possible to replace circuit breakers with corresponding
apparatus in &lsconnect switches, operating mechanisms, current transformers,
relays, and other equipment. In 1945, "Elektroapparat" started production of
power disconnects with 6-kilovolt 200-ampere capacity.
A disconnect is e comparatively simple device, but because of heavy
operating conditions (currents of 3,000 - 5,000 amperes) it requires constant
improvement by designers and research workers in electrical equipment plants.
At a m tuber of plants important research has been carried on for several years
on contacts and de-icing methods.
In 1935 - 1936 the "Uralelektroapparat" Plant developed a series of norsal
disconnects with aegneLic terminals. The terminals have made it possible to
increase considerably the electrodynamic and thermal stability of the disconnects.
The plant is still producing this series. The plant is also producing a new
series of disconnects of 6 - 10 kilovolts with a laminated fixed contact which
has substantially simplified the technology of production
"Elektroapparat" is producing an interesting new series of 35 and 110
kilovolt disconnects for outdoor insta Lattcns with a knife blade revolving
around its axle in the zone of the fixed contact and with a subsequent increase
in the surface area of the insulators.
~ UJUMUM41AL
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Ar eaters fo Protection Agpinst Excess voltage
At present, excess voltage is guard&against by the use of valve and
tubular arresters. The first valve arrester appeared in the USSR in 1932.
This model was discontinued in 1934 - 1935. In 1935 the "Elaktroapparat" Plant
began to produce fergusonite arresters, but they, too, were inadequate because
of the low quality of the resistant material and the unsatisfactory design, which
permitted air leakage. In the RTNM and R25N -arresters put out by "E1ektroapparat,"
the residual voltage during the flow of high-impulse currents proved to be too
high. As a result, before the war, the WI tried to find new types of nonlinear
rasiutances. A special sort of carborundum was, used for the resistance and a new
process worked out for producing the resietanoes themselves. In addition, th.
properties of the spark gap were substantially improved.
As a result, in 1944 a new series of VE,'. c~?resters were introduced for
voltages of 3, 6, 10, and 35 kilovolts..
The new arresters are distinguished by their greater compactness, lower
weight, simpler production processes, and greater protectivo qualities. Plans
were made for arresters with 110- and 220-kilovolt capaciti, but investigations
showed that they were less affective than a system of high-vcltaf;.: arresters
whose spark gap is securely shunted with resistance. On the basis of this re-
search, a new series for 35, 110, 154, and 220-kilovolt voltages was developed.
Tubular a-resters (HT) were developed by the "Eiektroapparat" Plant and
later by the "Uralelektroapparat" for voltages up to 110 kilovolts, on the
basis of fibrous bakelite tubes. But these arresters were inadequate because
of the low electrical surface resistivity of the tibe under the influence of
atmospheric conditions. In addition, operation of the tubular arresters re-
quires annual dismantling toward the end of the storm season and repeated adjust-
ment at the beginning of the season.
Dismantled tubes require annual drying and lacquering before they are
replaced on the line. In spite of the large operational expenditure and the
shutting down of thy; transmission line, there was still no guarantee against
breakdowns. VEI decided to use a new material which possessed a very high
moisture resistance but insufficient resistance to impulse loads. At present,
tubular arresters made of the new material are produced only for small currents.
Attempts are being made to produce a more durable tube by covering it with a
mechanically durable and waterproof coating of insulating material.
These disconnects satisfy the conditions of ice removal and guarantee
reliable contact and a small dieconnec s aor-tot, This seri'a of disconnects
for voltages of 35 and 110 kilovolt3 is already In massproductiona It is being
further developed for outdoor installations in the 154 and 220- kilovolt class.
These new high-voltage dis,:onnects still need operating verification, but un
qugstionably represent a rational design.
Current and Voltage Transformers
Prewar industry produced current and voltage transformers for all voltages
up to and including 220 kilovolts. The majority of the types are up-to-date
from a technical point of view.. A comparison of the wei&its and measurements
of the products of "Elektroapparat" Plant, including TFN high-voltage current
transformers and. NET cascade-voltage transformers for 110. 220 kilovolto, with
foreign makes indicates that the domestic products are superior in their
respective precision classes.
GDOWNEMMEN1iAL
50X1-HUM
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