ECONOMIC - FISHING INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240844-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 844
• Publication Date: August 10, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

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REPORT NO.
TriiS is i6~i~dsoLuAitU llV~0iil~iAT10P1
DEVRIAP1dENP OF SOPIET FISHING TLCHPIaTE
ft. P, Aadrovev
Cead iq Tcch Sci
The development of the Srniet fibbing induetry bee taken pln~e is
tvu basic dirsctione: (1) the exploitation of new prodncte sad fishing
areas, and (2) the perfoction of teehniqueo in areas fished in the past.
Particular attea+,ion has been dosoted to the c^eaticr of a etr:+ng aorthb:n
and far eastern maritime Y.ehiag induetry,' The rich material ba~oc of
tkeee teeine, scarcely tc~:;:4ed be_*~rre ~.L:~ revoltion, have afforded nof:
caly sgt?eatcr total cater. i'er the country but e proper distribution of
capit;.l investment.
Ta p:,n+;e of +,he feu obsolete trawlers inherited 1Y~om Teariet RugQia,
a F~er?'~?. Soviet tr~w3ing fleet, shade up of the moat modern, doeaetionlly
built ships, has been crdated on the Barente.8ea. For number of fish
ca~sght per crew member, the trawling fleot stands first among ell other
?ypea ~:i fishing. The year;,y average catch per nrew member (including
ca*cas.rd. TMsreaasTSel and eaginonre) in 1,500 ces 'sere as the better trarlere. .
In compar~.~oa with the prerevclut!onary level of aetoh in the Hare~e
Sea, thin iy a 35-fold increase. `~ha hourly trawling take has about
loubled.. Ia annual ct,Leh per trawler the Sc71et trawling fleet !e first
in the world. StakhaDavite travlere each tako over 60,000 ceatnere of
fish per year.
The Soviet trawl io eunericr in c~spacity and ease of handling to
sxsy Imown foreign trawl.
Alc with 'the haevy trawlers, amd.7,leF motor boats such ae +,he
combinee~kombayny) sad the "9nsatY.i" lets built for u3e in littorsl
flnhi.ng, Using theos boats, Soviet fishermen have, revived the practice
of catching berthic fish with "smstnika," incarrect~y called Danish seines
ar dragnets (e_tiyurrebcd..q).
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 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/07 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240844-8
~asearch I2letitnte of th? Finh Econcwy has dieaovered the schooling
lo
"
"
2n
Polar za
grounds Uf.maseee 'f large and fatty herring of th?
species. Thfe dlecoeery Se one of great eciantifia and praotiasi
significance, pxofacing the devel.opmant of a large horsing catch in
+JxClua1P91y 021 salmon,fieh~ofthis species accounting far 90 per-
cent.oY the annual catch. Thin was conditioned by the passive I~asture
of the fishing metnods, With'the eetablishmeat of Soviet rule in
the Far East, the fiehisig industry there 'began exploiting such other
valuable fish es herriLg and Pacific sardines. The total catch in
far eastern waters in 1939, co2rtpared with that is 1913,-Wan up 62
percent. He2z^iag and ?ardine accounted fo2? 45 percent of this 1939
catch, which in prerevaluticaary days the propc;:tion o% herring xae
OI11g .(.7p02'COnt. Fns ='aoiiic B&I'0.ii1CJ wuu out iY:6ijr wluvny~0ltOd
This method-of-fishing required a great Immbor of gpeciel "detaallars"
to ,get the fish oslt of the sate; and: resulted 1n lcn.-quality eatohea.
To avoid these difficulties, bags and fined eeins? ware sncoeaefu7:l9
introduced. ~ large motor fleet xae built sad new equipment designed
to service the seines:. 9taknan.ovite earains bag fiahermsm have
obtained bri?liant results with these nex tochaiquee, the beet oatohoe
now runnin3 around 15,000 centnere annue5ly. The fixed seines have
proved e?aen more productive. An entirely orig12131 one has been
designed xhich can be net S21 extremei.,q deep aster.
Tilers have been great advances in the nonfish marine products
tnduetry :~f the Far Eea?b, par ticulbrla* in Drabs and son Imlmaale. 'fhe
proportica of these in tho total far eastern tarts has increased ?',-
fold ~ince prerevolutionary time. The bv.i1di22g of the crabbing
flotilla and the "Aleut" whaling mother-ships, which are really hags
floating plants equipped with the latest processing facilities, Se
on9 graph9.c nzanlple of the tremandoue tranafo:mstion ,ur fishing
iuduatry has undergone during the Stalin five-year plane. l
Fishing in the Caspian Sea :tae likewise been totally traneYoa~d.
since tho revolution. Floating nets, pair-trawling l~lizneternyy lov),
fixed seines, and elamane have come into wide use.
fishing is the nort:lern Caspian. In 1934 there were Rine find seines
proportion of the catch taken by sea net fishing.fell from.78 peredat
per fishermen working on fixed seines is 124.5 centnere, while oa abhor
forms of netting the take is only 7~t.2 cent.nere.
accomplished with thchelp ?f motor fishing ctatione roe made passible
xhich is constantly iu operation, accounts far 6 F,ercent of the sire
is mitigating the seasonal fluctiatione is Caep'ea fishing. The herring
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/07 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240844-8
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/07 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240844-8
CONfI0E~1TIAl~
Th? technical reFsquipment of the fi.ahing indua~ry is clear7:y
evidea;t ix: the mechanization of sweep-seise fishii:g, lio ether fida-
4aLg incluetry in the warAd teas such a sufficiency of:meabanized haul-
equinineat cs has bees achieved in the Caspian.~ga. 8aviet
PiehermEm ware the first in the world to mec'.~snize the hn~7:ing of
outrigger nets, and: to practice au!omgtic casting of,aeinee. The
entL'^eiy nsw idea of ueizig self-setting aeS:nere (eam~miet~y nerodnik)
Yaea not on]y lighteatad the xork of the Yiehermantbat imprtrved the
;utility of casting and enlax?ged the Fished area.
tine can appreciate. the aignii'icance'ef the So41et reconetrraotioa
of the Caspian 6ea Fish industry when it la realized that. to estate
the aaa~ mimber c? 31ah todaq tie in prerevolutionary times requires
cnly one half the number of fiahea~mea.
7,`he small-acalo hated-f3ahi*_ig industry of the Anov~Hlack ~aa
Paain ba~+,~ecome a Sl;auriahing trade under Soviet rule. 'The mater
Leei oz xisaing;;oonte, toCaAia~3 ju,uiic~ horsepower ~n 1g4s~, flea
aomA]ete7y traaefcr_~d the character of the work. ~pe9lition +?iahfag
!a warp iaiyortant in thif regioni. 3n 193g the take by eageclf'tlc~aa+~ vraa
]bperaont of the entire gear's catch; The technique of oaaetal fibh-
ing teas"lk?wiiee changed';radScalJ,p, Fixed seises accrnint fog 30 per-
Mont of the anaunl catch. Of the pelagic fiat: ezpl'aAted in the-B]a,ck
Sea the pelamyd (young tangy) ie the moeL important.
3'he accumn7.?ted organizational and +.echnical ezperience gained
aver the yenta bramght the industry through the difficult yenra'of
the war. The temporary aoonpati~ by the enemy of a, number of fish-
ix~ basins, and partie7 deatruotlon of their material and teo}~nioal
base by the Rneeiaa peaple was met with each tharouEth reoa~gnnimatitat
of the iadoetry that the e~ire catch fell only 10 porceat belati trre
prewar 1e*~el. The war has permitted ua to knew rn~r atreagthn naJ
'potentialities hatter. It .may be acid that `.,ha labor piosactlvity in
the principal baeiae during the yar sot only did aot`fnik off bat
exceeded the prewar level 5:5 percent (ezelnding Siber".a), while oa
the collective fisheries it increased 27 perce~ (tie of 1944).
~'i'ha fish.n,~'Yndnmtr}~ ie acv rart~.ly reravering iraa~ the xcande
cf. tea.. daoirg r'he ind~~otry is tiw {:remendc~as .,L?~ r_P attaining the
1-ive-'iasr Plan goal Jf 22 million centnera of fish in 1950.
COi~FI~*~TIA~
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/07/07 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000600240844-8