STANDARDIZATION AND UNIFICATION OF METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT AND SPECIALIZATION IN HEAVY-MACHINE-BUILDING PLANTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600300082-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 7, 2011
• Sequence Number: 82
• Publication Date: April 17, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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LANGUAGE
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDERlII
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGEN F+DEyENTItORT
!NFORMAT!ON FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Econumic; Technological - Heavy production
HOW equipment
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Nov 1948
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.IIIn4 IT LA.. IIPN000CTI0N OI ME I.E. II PNONIIITIO.
DATE OF
INFORMATION
DATE DIST. / Apr 1950
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
STANDARDIZATION AHD UNIFICATION
OF METALLURGICAL EQUIPMENT AND SPECIALIZATION
PLD~ITS
Engr A. D. KuzImin
Cand Tech Sci A. A. Korolev
Heavy-machine-building plants must increase the output of metallurgical equip-
ment four times in 1950 in comparison with 1940. Rolled-stock equipment will re-
ceive the greatest attention. During the years of the postwar Five-Year Plan, it
is necessary to bring into use a considerable number of rolling mills, including
many new high-duty combination units which were neither designed nor manufactured
previously. Included among these are skelp mills, rail and structural-steel mills,
wheel-rolling mills, tube mills, combination mills, 800- and 650-millimeter heavy
section mills, continuous billet mills, alternate (shakhmatnyye) light section
mills, tin-plate mills, pipe-welding mills and others. In this connection the
plants and the Central Designing Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy Machine Building
must do a great deal of work. Only a small number of machines for blast furnace,
open hearth and crane equipment will need redesigning since standardized units and
parts can be used. A huge volume of work remains to be done, however, in designing
and producing rolled-stock equipment.
Series production is considerably more effective than unit production. There
are two ways to achieve this goal. One is extensively to standardize and unify
machines and single units; the other is to introduce strict plant specialization.
The purpose of standardization is to limit voluntary selection of basic ma-
chine specifications and designs and to fix them as invariable for a given type
and size of machine. There is no need to become apprehensive that such inflexibility
of machine design might become an obstacle to its modernization. In such a case,.
if it is necessary, the old type can be renovated or replaced by a ne- one.
CONFIDUTIAL
STATE NAW NSRB
of
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C NFIDERAL
Metallurgical machine-building plants are producing an extremely large va-
riety of --chincG. Since the majority or specifications are selected in ac-
cordance with regular orders, they have a haphazard character. The designs of
a number of machines, in particular those which are seldom reordered have al-
ready become obsolete. Therefore, neither the specifications nor designs of
existing machines can serve as a basis for standardization. This problem can
be worked out gradually by standardization groups of the designing bureau ac-
cording to a uniform plan, developed by the TsKBMM and approved by the Ministry
of Heavy Machine Building.
The following two steps are necessary to standardization: (1) working out
and fixing the basic specifications of the machine along with establishing the
series of types and sizes, and (2) working out the designs of the machines with-
in the ranges of the fixed series.
The first step must be carried out in the shortest possible time. The
second step, which is extremely labor-consuming, can be fulfilled by plants ac-
cording to the amount of machine orders received.
The second step can be broken down into several phases. First of all, parts
and units for general purposes can be standardized so that they can be used as a
basis for developing standards on machines for all types of standardized metal-
lurgical equipment. The interchange of drawings among plants has great importance.
However, the main obstacle is the diversity of symbols used on the drawings by
different plants.
The first measure to be taken as soon as possible in solving this problem
is developing a system whereby the drafting of parts for general purposes will
be uniform for all plants.
The next phase is to standardize equipment for technological processes
which have already been fixed and do not have a large number of diversities. This
can include b7.ast-furnace, steel-smelting, crushing and pulverizing, and sin-
tering equipment, as well as equipment for coke batteries.
Special-purpose equipment now being produced by plants is fully meeting de-
mands. Therefore, this equipment can be used as a basis for developing standard
designs which will bring about greater accuracy in a series of machine types and
sizes and improvement in some designs. Thus, the second phase of the second step
in standardization involves a limited volume of work and can be accomplished in
a comparatively short time.
In the final phase it is necessary to standardize all other special equip-
ment such as rolling, forging and pressing, and lifting and conveying. Here,
tht. length of time between standardizing basic specifications and completion of
standardized machine designs will be prolonged. The development of standardized
designs, due to the huge volume of work, can only be done gradually in accord-
ance with the amount of orders received for the equipment.
The standardization of rolling-mill equipment will be particularly laborious
in view of its great diversities, wide variety of the rolling technological
process for one purpose or another, and the close dependence of one part on
another. However, independent secondary machines such as shears for various pur-
poses, saws, roller-straightening machines, payoff reels, take-up reels, doubles,
(dublery), and others, can be standardized in the first step.
tONFU Ec.TIAL
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r ;iFI Eli TIAL
For standardizing the remaining rolling equipment it is expedient to segre-
gate separate units and parts according to all categories of rolling mills and
to determine their basic dimensions and series of types and sizes. In this way,
gear casings (kleti), spindles, main clutches, roller shafts, clamping screws
and their nuts, table rollers, and bevel gears for rollers can be standardized.
Unification of metallurgical equipment is understood as the wide intro-
duction of the same machines and their units into various combination or rolling
mills. For example, plans for a 1,000-millimeter bloom were worked out by the
TSI iI4 and were successfully applied at the Novo-Kramatorsk Plant imeni Stalin in
the construction of a skelp mill for the Transcaucasian Plant. In both cases the
same units were used with slight changes of roller stands, gear :_;%sings, spindles,
tables, shears, etc. Due to unification, the time required for desip3ng and
manufacturing mills was considerably shortened.
Similar unification could be brought about when designing pipe-rolling mills
at the Novo-Kramatorsk Plant and rail and structural-steel mills at the Uralmash
Plant if the necessary coordination between these two plants could be set up.
At present, plants which produce metallurgical equipment are specialized
for one or another type of equipment such as blast furnace, steel smelting, etc.
Such specialization is absolutely necessary; in the final analysis it increases
production and improves the quality of machines.
However, for further rapid increase in metallurgical equipment production,
such specialization is now inadequate.
Standard units and parts which recur in large numbers in various machines are
found in metallurgical equipment. The production of such standard units must be
concentrated at specified plants which would be concerned with the production of
standard units alone and would supply all other plants with them.
An example of successful specialization can be seen in the production of
lucatingdequipment at the "Krasnyy metallist" Plant in Leningrad. The plant
started producing all types of lubricating equipment in 1946 and at present is
putting out uigb-quality products which are completely fulfilling the needs of all
plants of the Ministry of Heavy Machine Building.
The following units and parts can be manufactured in this manner:
1. Tables with self-contained electric drive, which are required in large
quantities for rail and structural-steel, skelp, pipe-rolling, and other mills.
2. Conveyer rollers with group drive.
3. Large reducing gears for main drives of mills.
4. Small and medium cylindrical and worm reducers for general purposes.
5. Gear casings with center-to-center distances of 150-350 millimeters,
450-800 millimeters and 850-1,300 millimeters.
The large variety of gear casings which exist are unnecessary and should be
eliminated. Therefore, the production of them should be assigned to certain
plants and within the ranges of specified sizes. This should be all the more
possible since GOST 3705-47, on the basic specifications of a standard series of
gear casings, encompasses all types and sizes of rolling mills.
Olt
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6. Clutch and elastic couplings,
7. Electromagnetic brakes.
8. Pneumatic cylindera and control apparatus.
9. Sealed bushings for bearings.
10. Crane tread wheels requiring special manufacture.
U. Fittings for high and low-pressure pipelines.
12. Plate chains, springs, metal fixtures, etc.
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