CAUCASIAN AND CENTRAL ASIATIC REPUBLICS CITE POSTWAR PROGRESS; SHOW INCREASES OVER 1940

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600310274-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 12, 2011
• Sequence Number: 274
• Publication Date: May 16, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
CLASSIFICATION SECRET SECIIET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
Economic; Sociological
Daily newspapers
USSR
12 - 25 Feb 1950
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING INC NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF-ESPIONAGE ACT 50
U. 5 C. 11 A 51. AS AMENDED ITS TRANSMISSION OR THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTEND NDS IN ANT MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON 15 PRO-
HIBITED BY LAW. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORK IS PROHIBITED
SOURCE Newspapers as indicated.
CD NO.
DATE OF
DATE DIST. 1% May 1950
NO. OF PAGES 6
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CAUCASIAN AND CENTRAL ASIATIC
REPUBLICS CITE POSTWAR PROGRESS;
SHOW INCREASES OVER 19 0
rNumbers in parentheses refer to appended sources.7
With the beginning of t.'.e new year, several Soviet republics have reviewed
gains made under the postwar Five-Year Plan and the general increase in industry
and agriculture over prewar, 1940 levels.
Armenian SSR
Gross production by Armenian industry in 1949 was 215 percent of that of
1940. In the 4 years since the war, more than 50 industrial enterprises have
been completed and put into operation in the republic and 27 enterprises have
been expanded and rebuilt. There has been a substantial increase in output by
individual branches of the economy. Production by the chemical industry was 213
percent of prewar production, and production by the metal-processing industry
(machine- and machine-tool building) was 557 percent of prewar. Output of indi-
vidual products in terms of 1940 production was as follows:
344
132
136
117
2,600
714
112
215
140
149
190
175
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Caustic soda
Cement
Shoes
Cotton fabric
Woolen fabric
Silk fabric
Hosiery
Knit undt.-wear
Canned goods
Soap
Cigarettes
Electric power
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In 1949, 182,000 square meters of window glass, 152,000 clocks, and 5,000
tons of sugar were produced. The number of workers and employees in the repub-
lic's economy in 1949 was 149 percent of 1940, including 175 percent in indus-
try. The wage fund increased 254 rercent over 1940.
In the trade network, the increase in the number of stores, stands, and
stalls was 119 percent of 1940, including 165 percent in the cities alone. The
sale of industrial products in 1949, in percent of 1940, was as follows:
Percent
Meat and sausage
287
Fish products
138
Butter
401
Sugar
125
Confectionery
138
Macaroni products
286
Groats
161
Cheese
242
Laundry soap
174
In the postwar period, Armenian kolkhozes made great strides in expanding
the areas sown to basic agricultural crops and in increasing crop yields. In
1949, gross production of cotton was 135 percent of
1940,
tobacco
240 percent,
sugar beets 274 percent, and potatoes 321 percent.
Gross
yield of
grain far
exceeded the 1940 level. The number of cattle in 1949 was 124 percent of 1940,
cows 157 percent, sheep and goats 157 percent, pigs 164 percent, poultry 248
percent, and beehives 122 percent.
In the field of cultural and communal services to the population, the num-
ber of libraries increased in postwar years from 908 to 1,437, club institutions
from 897 to 1,164, and motion picture installations from 196 to 312. In rural
areas, the chain of medical institutions was expanded. The number of hospital
beds throughoLt the republic in 1949 was 142 percent of 1940, including 183 per-
cent in rural areas. The number of maternity beds was 114 percent of 1940, in-
cluding 224 percent in rural areas, and the number of doctors increased 208 per-
cent over 1940, including 302 percent in rural locales.
The enrollment in primary, 7-year, and secondary schools, and in technical
schools and other training institutions is now 315,000. The number of higher
educational institutions in the republic increased from nine in 1940 to 14 in
1949, not including correspondence schools, and the enrollment in these institu-
tions increased correspondingly to 10,122 students, from 5,786 in 1940. The num-
ber of scientific research insti`utlcns. increased from 37 in 1940 to 58 at pres-
ent, and. the number of scientific workers from 414 to 918. In their contribution
to the national economy, such scientific; works as those done by the astrophysics
observatory and the Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences Armenian SSR are
of particular merit.
In the past 4 years, more tha.:i 460,000 square meters of housing have been
put into service, includir 235,000 square meters in the city of Yerevan. The
supply of housing in cities and settlements is now 131 percent of 1940. In these
same years, 10,000 houses were built in villages, and individual builderr were
allowed more than 400 million rubles in credi'
As of 1 February 1950, electric facilities had been made available to almost
50 percent of the total number of kolkhozes, and by the end of 1950, the propor-
tion will be 70 percent.(l)
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0 0
The Georgian republic has reviewed the great strides made in 29 years of
Soviet power. The present capacity of operating electric power plants in the
republic is 42 times the 1913 capacity and 14 times the 1932 capacity. In
1949, the republic's coal industry mined 20 times more coal than in 1913.
Machine-building enterprises now produce a variety of products, including metal-
cutting machine .ools, machines for the tea and wine industries, silk-weaving
machines, mine equipment, radio and telegraph equipment, and many types of con-
sumers' goods. During the last 29 years, 46 tea factories have been built in
the republic. In 1949, the volume of industrial production was 30 times the
1913 volume. Gross production in 1949 was 46.2 percent over the prewar level
and 82 percent over 1945. In the postwar period, the new industrial center of
Rustavi and many large-scale enterprises in Kutaisi were built.
The republic has a tremendous program outlined for the construction of
food industry enterprises. In 1955, output of tea in the republic will have
been increased 350 percent over 1948. In 1950, 18 new tea factories, with a
capacity for processing 46 million kilograms of green tea leaf, will be built
in the subtropical regions. In the last 18 years, the area of tea plantations
has almost doubled, and the productivity of tea bushes in 1949 was more than
double the 1932 level. In 1949, 5,200 more tons of tobacco were delivered to
the state than in 1940, almost 24,000 more tons of green tea leaf, 20,000 more
tons of grapes, and 282 million more tons of citrus fruits. In 1949, the head
of cattle had increased 31 percent over 1940, sheep and goats 97 percent, and
pigs 127 percent.
With the completion of the large Samgori irrigation system, 35,000 hectares
of dry land near Tbilisi will be converted into highly productive soil for or-
chards and plantations.
In the field of cultural development, the republic now has 4,274 schools in
which 728,000 students are enrolled, almost five times more than in 1914. There
are 25,000 students enrolled in the republic's 19 higher educational institu-
tions. In 1949, almost 12 times as many books and periodicals were published as
in 1921.
In the past 4 years, Georgian workers obtained 469,000 square meters of
housing. In the next few years, the republic has pledged to increase the tea-
leaf harvest by more than 300 percent, raise the citrus fruit procurement to
2-22 million pieces, grapes to 100,000 tons, and tobacco harvest to 20,000 tons.
Eleven shelter belts will be planted to protect the subtropical plantations,
and the number of eucalyptus plantings will be increased to 100 million trees.(2)
Kazakh SSR
In 1949, gross-production output by Kazakh industry was 96.8 perce:it above
the 1940 level. Between 1946 and 1949, the wage fund increased 99.4 percent and
the average wage increased by 59.7 percent. With 1940 production represented as
100 percent, 1946 production was 141.2 percent, 1947 production 165.6 percent,
and 1948 production 184.2 percent. Heavy industry made substantial gains in
1949. Production of the means of production in 1949 increased more than 200 per-
cent over 1940 and constituted 66.3 percent of all output by Kazakh enterprises.
In the past 4 years, the volume of capital construction in the republic was
88 percent of that planned for the entire Five-Year Plan. The total volume of
capital investment in 1949 increased 96.5 percent over 1940. In 1949, capital
investment in the republic's economy was 230.1 percent of that of 1945. The
total postwar investment in the republic's economy was 7.7 billion rubles. Among
the new enterprises put into operation since the war are the Ust'-Kamenogorsk
Zinc Plant, Karatau Mining and Chemical Combine, Semipalatinsk Excavator Plant,
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Dzhambul Chromite Plant, slag-block plant in Vostochno-Kazakhstan Oblast, 91
creameries, the Alma-Ata Macaroni Factory, and the Pavlodar Condensed Milk
Plant.
In the period 1946 - 1949, the total long-term credit advanced by the state
to the republic's kolkhozes increased more than 1,200 percent and totaled 181
million rubles. In 1949, 81 million rubles were obtained by kolkhozes for con-
struction of cattle sheds, mechanization of livestock farms, and purchase of
pedigreed cattle; 6 million rubles were allocated for the purchase of mineral
fertilizer, more than 2 million for electrification, and 1,950,000 for forestr;
development work.
In 1949, 180 rural electric power plants were built.
There are now 187 comm-nity centers, 2,679 clubs, 2,445 rural reading rooms,
1,0'76 libraries, 25 museums, and 1,234 motion picture installations in the re-
public. There are 238 newspapers, including 127 in Kazakh, and ten periodicals
published in the Kazakh 'SR.
The republic now has 23 higher educational institutions with an enrollment
of 16,500 students, an increase of 150 percent over 1946. The enrollment in
secondary special training institutions has increased by more than 50 percent
above the 1946 level. The republic also has 9,000 schools with an enrollment of
nearly 12 million children. Compulsory 7-year education has been introduced.
The Academy of Sciences Kazakh SSR, created in 1946, now includes 54.research
institutions. The republic has 26 theaters, 14 of them Kazakh. The number of
scientific research institutions has increased from none in 1913 to 82 in 1945
and 122 in 1949.
At the end of the Five-Year Plan, the republic was scheduled to have in-
creased the grain harvest 37 percent, cotton 23 percent, potatoes 57 percent,
and sugar beets 8 percent. This task is being met successfully. As early as
1948, the republic had considerably exceeded the Live-Year Plan for grain sow-
ing. In 1949, the sown area continued to expand and for the majority of basic
crops considerably exceeded the 1950 plan. In 1949, the republic gave the
country 20 million more pod of grain than in 1940. The plan for delivery of
sugar beets to the state was exceeded considerably. The first thousand-kilometer
stretch of six forest shelter belts is being planted on both sides of the Ural
River from Vishnevaya Mountain to the Caspiar. Sea. In 1949, the area planted to
timber increased by 16,300 hectares, including almost 5,000 hectares on kolkhozes.
This is more than three times the 1948 planting.
The development of animal husbandry made it possible in 1948 to give the
country 1,977,000 more centners of milk, 532,000 more centners of meat, and 52,000
more centners of wool than in 1940. The 3-year animal husbandry development pro-
gram provides for an increase of 46 percent in cattle, 81.9 percent in sheep and
goats, and more than 200 percent in pigs by 1952.(3)
The chief task in the postwar Five-Year Plan for the Uzbek republic was the
restoration of the prewar level of cotton cultivation and an increase of 100
percent in the cotton harvest in 1950 over 1945. In 1947, the area sown to cot-
ton was at the 1940 level and in 1948 exceeded it by 52,000 hectares. The cotton
yield also exceeded the 1940 level. Nearly 450 kolkhozes obtained yields of 25 -
30 or more centners per hectare in 1949. The cotton industry has pledged 500,000
more tons of cotton in 1950 than in 1949.
The republic now supplies up to 60 percent of all silk cocoons in the USSR.
Collection of cocoons has increased 26 percent over 1945, and the yield is 21
percent over 1945.
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As a result of the utilization of fallow and construction of new irrigation
facilities, the irrigated area sown to crops or planted with trees has grown by
almost 175,000 hectares since 1945. For the most part, the problem of conquer-
ing water scarcity in the chief cotton regions has been solved. Almost all of
the Fergana Valley now has water, and irrigation has been given great impetus
in many rayons of Tashkent and Khorezm oblasts and the Kara-Kalpak ASSR.
The capacity of the tractor park in the cotton regions of the republic has
increased 36 percent since 1945. The park of agricultural machinery and equip-
ment in MTS and sovkhozes is providing complete mechanization of all preparatory
and sowing work, fertilizer spreading; interfurrow cultivation, etc. The new
SKhM-48 cotton-picking machine has been put in series production.
The postwar Five-Year Plan provided an increase of 89 percent in industrial
production over 1940. In 1946, Uzbek industry for the most part completed its
postwar reconstruction. The extraction of petroleum in 1946 increased 51.5 per-
cent over 1945, coal 79.5 percent, unprocessed silk 62.2 percent. In 1947, the
republic's industry produced 25.8 percent more than in 1946, and heavy industry
showed a particularly rapid growth. In 1948, gross-production output increased
another 13 percent, the Five-Year Plan was completed, and the 1950 level attained
in the extraction of petroleum, production of tar roofing paper and slate, and
sugar outpr+. Electric power production was several times the prewar level.
Mining of col in Angren increased 150 percent during the year, production of am-
monium nitrate increased 34 percent, superphosphate 48 percent, outpuL of cotton
seeders 86 percent, excavators 87 percent, and textile machinery J00-125 percent.
Further successes were achieved in 1949. The increase over 1948 in coal mining
was 53 percent, petroleum 11 percent, steel smelting 78 percent; electric power
production 19 percent, and excavator production 49 percent. Average daily load-
ing on the Tashkent Railroad System has more than doubled since 1;'4.r.
In the postwar years, capital investment in the republic's economy exceeded
the volume of capital investment of the second and third five-year plans. Dur-
ing 1946 - 1949, 142 large-scale industrial enterprises were built in Uzbeki-
stan, including the Uzbek Metallurgical Plant, Kokand Superphosphate Plant, An-
gren Coal Pit, and Farkhad GES. The chief task now, however, is to obtain a
further production increase without additional 'apital investment by utilizing
existing production capacity to its fullest extent or. the basis of progressive
technical norms.
The average wage of workers in industry has increased 120 percent and the
monetary income to kolkhoz workers has increased by more than half. Many branches
of industry have fulfilled or exceeded the planned mean progressive norms. In
1949, the savings resulting from the mobilization of internal reserves in industry
and construction projects subordinate to the republic exceeded 40 million rubles.
In 1948, Uzbek industry realized 170 million rubles in above-plan accumulation by
a further reduction in production costs and the release of considerable quantities
of industrial resources for the needs of the republic's economy. In 1949, the
saving from reduced production costs in the light, food, and several other branches
of industry was at first set at 94 million rubles, but was later upped to 132 mil-
lion rubles.
Sixty-five percent of budget expenditures are being put into cultural and
daily living needs of the population. Many million rubles have been invested in
postwar years of housing construction. The new cities of Chirchik, Angren, Bego-
vat, Yangi-Yul', Leninsk, and Nukus are developing rapidly, as are the new workers'
settlements near large-scale industrial enterprises. In 1949 alone, construction
of nearly 96,000 square meters of usable area was completed, including over 66,000
square meters of housing. Other postwar achievements in city development include
the trolleybus line in Tashkent, streetcar line in Samarkand, and gas facilities
in Andizhan, Leninsk, and 19 kolkhozes of Leninskiy, Ar_dizhanskiy, and Markhamat-
skiy rayons of Andizhan Oblast. By the end of 1948, nearly 650 kolkhozes, 60 MTS,
and many sovkhozes had obtained electrical facilities. In 1949 alone, nearly 100
kolkhoz hydroelectric power plants were put into operation, providing electricity
to more than 300 kolkhozes.
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One of the clearest examples of the cultural development of the Uzbek SSR
is the great achievement in education. There are now more than 4,700 schools
providing general education to more than 1.2 million children. Over 120 higher
educational institutions and technical schools are in operation.()
1. Kommunlst, No 45, 22 Feb 50
2. Bakinskiy Rabochiy, No 40, 25 Feb 50
3. Kazakhstanskaya Pravda, No 40, 22 Feb 50
4. Pravda Vostoka, No 35, 12 Feb 50
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