PROBLEMS ON ECONOMY OF THERMAL ENERGY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600340126-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 16, 2011
• Sequence Number: 126
• Publication Date: August 30, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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CONFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY 'USSR
SUBJECT Scientific - Engineering
E mic - Industrial power systems
ono
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1950
c
HOW DATE DIST.. 4 Aug 1950
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Jun 1950
LANGUAGE
OF Tilt tMITtt TU 111111 Tit ^.... ... .........__ _-? --
. S. C.. it tllt 4.R t Mtt1U. IT. TtttlUUOtt 02 Tllt 7tTt1A ltt
Itlitlno tl MN litrttoumoP or ?110 FORM It -tttt lnTIS.'s rtM
NO. OF PAGES 4
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
SOURCE Promyshlennaya Energetika, No 6, 1950
PROBLEMS ON ECONOMY OF THERMAL ENERGY
The demand for thermal energy in the form of hot water and steam with
various parameters occupies an important place in the subject of power con-
sumption by industrial enterprises. In individual enterprises of the paper,
food, chemical, metallurgical, and other branches of industry, thermal power
consumption is the chief item on the power balance sheet.
Consequently, problems relating to saving thermal energy, increasing
the efficiency of consumer installations and economical utilization of steam
condensers are of consl4erable importance to the national economy.
In 1949, the industrial enterprises receiving steam and hot water from
TETs (Heat and Power Stations) of the Ministry of Electric Power Stations
saved 733,000 me3acal: ies of thermal energy. This amounted to more than
16 percent of the total annual economies in all forms of power :: equiv-
elent to 132,000 tons of standard fuel. In the first quarter of the cur-
rent year, despite new and considerably reduced norms for individual con-
sumption, more than 80,000 megacalories were saved.
These data bear witness to the great work accomplished by industry in
economizing thermal energy as well as fuel, electric power, compressed air,
water and other types of power.
Nevertheless, we cannot feel satisfied witi, base eaccesses, however
great, since complete advantage has not been taken of the possibilities in
these lines.
Great opportunities for economies in thermal power are offered by pro-
ductiveteChnology, utilization of secondary power resources, the heat of
chemical reactions, improved steam condenser operations in industrial enter-
prises and district heating systems reduction of heat losses in heating net-
works, heat-consuming units, etc.
CONF~~F~~~E A ~..
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cOr IDWIritu,
progressive enterprises, where thermal networks w level and
installations are managed on a highly condensates are
and
carefully prepared and used, furnish outstanding examples efficiency. of the l en-
In 1949 the Gor'kiy chemical Plant, aa tgreattconsumersofat e~lmenion
ad,, succeeded in uarteri)f~the.present year, in increasing this figure
quarter
and, in the first
to e.o percent despite rP.uced individual consumption norms. The collec-
tive tive of power engineers and technologists h atthiFop1-aniPr~hee~6tn~om
ber of effective measures for economy of
condensate superheating was utilized to heat one of the plant buildings, l so that less steam was needed for such purposes. On the teecchnological by l side, the heat of waste fluids was used, and coil pipes iwt b thermal power
exhaust instead of live steam. A considerable economy
was effected by installing ash evaporator
druple-shell evaporator system. re-
t a
n
In recent years the Ural Aluminum r_LUL -- "'- reduction of heat
proving the operation of its heat-consuming units by
regulaar, inspections of 'neatinsulation, more the e economyaef-
fectl amounted to about 4 percent of the total steam
fected in thermal energy
consumption.
Among the many enterprises which have achieved Csi similar Plonoom,i the
are the "TrekhgornaYa Manufaktura" Combine, Moscow TPPlant-
Leningrad Plant imeni Slutekoy and the Kushvinskiy Metallurgical
Unsatisfactory results in utilizing heat and overconsumption efin ther-
ha
Unsatisfactory
mal energy as compared with authorized norms for specific
Machine
been noted in the following enterprises: Ministry of rLikoi Transport consumption
Kemerovo Building Plant; the Intt; the Leningrad Plant tmeni Radishchev andoIn n others.
for instance ancece the Rostov Plant of the Ministry of her-, the books
ertta certain n plants, ants, Plant;
show . an
econ zalue buthi Miscafimeat ctitiousieconomy resulting from excessively high
mil energy
norms.
one of the most important methods of saving power and fuel while in-
creasing the efficiency of boiler units is through economical use of con-
r a goverecovery
reenitn edec ee, cp on er n-
densates in enterprises andarsrefollowinetheir
stei For the past 1 6 Ye compared with 1944.
saate recovery increased 46 percent as
However, lately there has been a decrease in theocondensaz eurecoveo
rate. in the i.e.) quarter
the only 1.3 percent over that of
rate of
th3 perr., More attention should be paid to this impor-
the first ent,
t quarteer of 1949?
tant question.
It is intolerable that individual enterprises should neither comply
with the established norms for recovery of condensates, nor take proper
steps for removing impurities, to the great detriment of the enterprises
themselves and the electric power stations.
The experience of progressive enterprises, where economical use of to the p condensates is established, ith tness ossibility improvement in its of in-
quality.
Letse condensate exe recovery
z
Last yd year, for example, le, the Kazan Plant "Iakozh" increased the percentage
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q
g the triple-shell wi
placi
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CONFIDES ?dIAL
of condensate recovery from 41 to 70 percent; the Ural Alum=inum Plant from
82.5 to 86.5 percent. Steam consumers of the Moscow Power System sh dedfan
increase of 3 percent; 4.1 nsummeers.of the Kazan System 6.09 percent,
the Kuybyshev
However, many enterprises did not fulfill the plan fo1 condensate re-
covery in 1949 and the first quarter of 1950. To this number belong: the
Kemerovo Chemical Plant, Barnaul' Melanzhevyy (Textile) Combire, Barnaul'
Soda Plant, Orsk Oil Re-
Transport Machine Buildng and the others.
fi,
individual . enterprises this decreased rate of condensate recovery is due to faulty observationtand ontrolcof condensateiquality,netc. apparatus,
In 1948 the Kamskoye Cellulose and Paper Combine which is one of
the great consumers of thermal heat recovered 44.6ellperceli42t
In 1949, for no good reason, this figure
some of this combine's machines, 92 percent of the coonOdeensate ass arecovereC,
in others operating under the ssme conditions, only
The result was that, in addition to a loss of 0,000cruubb es incurred
combine, the water reserve of the TETs supplying te in power was gravely affected. The combine workers had forgotten that some
years earlier the whole boiler system had broken down because of the poor
quality of the feedwater and the employees es of bothpterstaationn and tht e con-
sumer plants 'sad to work hard to put
able running order.
Because of insufficient control over the quality
e lityeofathe condensatesat,
the Moscow "Dynamo" Plant imeni S. M. Kirov, because of negligence
was discharged into the sewer system. Last February,
of the workers, condensate with acid impurities was delivered to the TETS,
which might have caused serious damage to the electric power station boilers.
Because of unsatisfactory purification, the plan for returning the con-
ngs id a months of l9 9
denrate to the power station was not t the fulfilled i lBeari
and in the first quarter of 1950 Hydrolysis Pl alt antni t and L. N.
Kaganovich, Moscow Chemical Plant, Krasnoyarsk
Isis furnished the
Another example of irresponsibility the Petroleum regard
Groznyy Petroleum Refinery, Ministry of with a norm of sfurper During
ge-25
first quarter of this year, this refinery,
covered only 2.9 percent. The workers tried to blame nonfulfilment of the
plan on an increase in the oil content of the condensate. An inspection which had
been showed that the plant nt ha a hfor serviceable oil
activatedtcharcoal Itnis well known
operation for a long
that there are sufficient stocks of activated charcoal so this aeTgerrealy
cannot be the reason for the breakdown in condensate recovery.
heed ea the
reason is that key workers underrate its i.-,ortance, pay to
ensure the
economical indices of their wotofe conditions
the owhichcsupplier. their plant
reliable and uninterrupted operation with thermal energy.
Radical improvements are needed in steam condensate recovery by com-
mercial enterprises; closed systems should be more widely employed; and
greater attention should be devoted to recovery and utilization of conden-
sate heat as well as in reducing heat losses by means of secondary boiling
and passing the sm team through the condensers. Basic principles and techni-
cal, instructions rmy be found in the "Directions for Collecting and Utiliz-
ing Condensates," published by Gosenergonadzor in 1949. Attention to these
~as would aid industrial workers in substantially increasing con-
instructidensate savings.
CONFIDENTIAL
CQNFI EN1!AL
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The extremely imporC..4 t problem of industrial utilization of secondary
power resources deserves special attention. In December 1948 the All-Union
Scientific and Technical Conference on Industrial Power, devoted to the
fundamental problems connected with secondary power resources, considered
the main methods and practical problems in this field, and decided that bet-
ter
ing power zefficiency, fuel, heat and power economycandfin cimprovingintheegen-
eral prod.,ctive economy as a whole.
For some time after the Conference, ^nterprises showed their interest
by making a number of suggestions on the use of waste gases, exhuast steam,
waste slag, etc. At the 1949 All-Union Competition of Economy of Electri-
cal and Thermal Energy there were twice as many suggestions put forwari on
secondary power resources as in the 1948 competition. But results, in com-
parison with thc great possibilities, were very insignificant.
In fact, many branches of industry incur losses because of poor utiliza-
tion of the heat of exhaust steam, condensates, cooling water, waste, high-
temperature gases. etc., necessitating the use of bleeder steam (from turbines)
satisfied bfor y the exhaust and waste beat from production processes.
been boiler
Industrial experience and theory prove that Soviet technology and prac-
tice have achieved great successes in utilizing by-products of fuel and
waste material (waste with high ash content, blast-furnace and coke-oven
si-
gases, etc.). But in other secondary powusesources,cespecialllyethe physi-r
cal heat of hot products, waste gases,
heat-carriers, the level is very low.
Waste furnace gas is not adequately used (salvagers are not widely em-
ployed) and a large number of heating tarnaces have no regenerators. Exhaust
steam (from hammers, presses, steam machines, compressors, etc.) and conden-
sate heat are not sufficiently utilized.
Radical changes must be made in this situation in accordance with the
resolutions of the All-Uniotl Scientific and Technical Conference on Indus-
trial Powe'. and the experience of production and efficiency experts. All
problems of the=mal energy conservation end utilization of secondary power
resources can be successfully solved on the basis of widely developed soc-
ialist competition, akin full use of
organizational aworkltowardnthiscend~cetuents
on
'and carrying
C 0 A t P 6' ..'' ,.. 7
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