ABSTRACT OF PROFESSORS V. N. SHCHELKACHEV AND B. B. LAPUK'S BOOK UNDERGROUND HYDRAULICS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600350180-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 23, 2011
• Sequence Number: 180
• Publication Date: October 6, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONF7DENTLAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
DONFID?NT~gL
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Scientific -Geophysics, petroleum
HOW
PUBLISHED Book
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED 19+9
LANGUAGE Russian
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SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
THIS IS JNEVALUATED INFORMATION
ABSTRACT OF PROFESSORS V. N. SHCHELKACHE4 AND B. B. LAPUK'5 BOOK
"UNDERGROUND HYDRAULICS" ?
This book, edited by Academician L. S. Leybenzon and authorized by the
Ministr,; of uighcr uduc^~ica L'SSP. as a ylzxtbook for higher petroleum schools,
is the first text publishdd ae a school course on underground hydraulics since
19+1. It stresses the priority of Soviet scientists in solving important prob-
lems concerning the movement of fluids and gases in porous media. To this
category belong problems on the theory of filtration, interaction of oil wells,
elasticity, movement of gases, and gaseous fluids in strata. The book general-
izes pY?evious findings in the field of underground petroleum hydraulics.
The book is intended both for students in higher educational institutions
specializing in petroleum and fir engineers and technical workers in the pe-
troleum and gas industries.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sections marked with an asterisk are not -bligatory in a school curriculum.)
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EONFIDEP~T4AL
CORFIDEIPPIAL
Chapter II. Fundamental Principles of Underground Hy-
draulics
1. Development of Ideas Contributing to the General-
ization of Technological Problems Involved in the
Extraction of Petroleum and in Underground Hy-
draulics '
2 * Observations on?the Interaction of Qil Wells and
3.* Coacise:Data on the Classification of Underground
Water`
4. Concise Data on the Classification of Processes
in Petroleum-~ ?as-, and Water-Bearing Strata
5. Typical Systems and Patterns of Stratified Water-
Pressure Systems
12
16
20
23
28
Chapter III. Short Description of the Properties of
Fluids ~.n3 Gases 34
1 *? Properties of Petroleum 34
2 ~ Properties of Water Occuring in Petroleum Strata 43
3.* Properties of Gases in Petroleum and Gas Deposits 45
Chapter 7V. Fundamental Ideas
1. Definition and Peculiar Properties of Filtration.
Ideal and Fictitious Soils Dior Pnodelingj
2. Porosity and Spacing of Fictitious Soil ~ '
3. Transition From. Fictitious to Natural Soil
4. Rate of Filtration and Its Relation to Rate of
Flow
5Q
5~
57
59
Chapter Y. Theoretical Formulas Describing the 'Laws of
Filtration of Fluids With a Generalization
of These Formulas ~ 62
R
1. Laws of Filtration Through Fictitious Soils 62
2. General Expression for Various Theoretical Formulas
Describing the Law of Filtration 65
Chapter VI. Linear Law of Filtration. Permeability of
Porous Media ~ 67
1. Darcy's Experiments. Coefficient of Filtration 67
2. Permeability of Porous Media 71
Chapter VII. Limits to the kpplicability of Darcy's Law;
Other Laws of Filtration
1. Experimental Research on the Limits to the Appli-
cability of the Linear Law of Filtration
2. Theoretical Research on the Limits to the Appli-
cability of the Linear Law of Filtration
3. Ronlinear Laws of Filtration
4. Deductions From the.Laws?of Filtration Based on
the Principle of the Homogeneity of Dimensions,
78
84
87
89
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PART III. PROBLEMS IN UNDERGROUND HYDRAULICS SUSCEPTIBLE
TO SIMPLE SOLUTION
Chapter VIII. Simplest Forma of Filtration Flow and Methods
of Studying Them 94
1. Description of the Simplest Forms of Filtration
Flow
2. Head and Reduced Pressure; Surfaces With Equal
Head and Isobars
3. General Methods of Studying One-Dimensional, Plane-
Radisl and Three-Dimensional] Radial Flow
Chapter IX.
One-Dimensional and Radial Flow of Incompres-
sible Fluids Under Water-Pressure Conditions
103
1. One-D
of Fi
imensional Flow According to the Linear Law
ltration
103
2. Plane
Filtr
, -Rau~ial. Flow According to the Linear Law of
ation
108
3. Spher
of Fi
ical, Radial Flow According to the Linear Lax
ltration
121
4. One-D
linea
imensional Flow in Accordance With the Non-
r,Law of Filtration
125
5. Radia
of~Fi
l Flow in Accordance With the ftonlinear Law
ltration
126
6. Pecul
When
trati
iarities of the Flow of Fluids Into Wells
There Are Two Simultaneous Processes of Fil-
on in a Stratum
129
7. ~~ne I
Time
nfluence of Pressure Changes in the Course of
133
Chapter X. T
a
he Simplest Cases of the Flow of a Fluid With
Free Surface
135
1.
Introductory Remarks
135
2.
Flow of s Fluid With a Free Surface Toward a Recti-
linear G?sllery
136
? 3.
Flov of a Fluid With a Free Surface Toward Wells
140
Chapter
1.
XI. One-Dimensional and Radial Flow of a Compres-
sable Fluid in a Porous Medium in Accordance
With the Linear Law of Filtration
One-Dimensional, Steady Filtration of a Compres-
147
sible Fluid ~
147
2.
Radial, Steady Filtration of Compressible Fluids
152
3.
Approximate Solution for the Problem of Nonsteady,
Radial Filtration of Compressible Fluids
154
4.
Nonsteady, One-Dimensional Filtration of Comprea-
sible Fluids
162
5.
Approximate .Solution for the Problem of the Non-
steady Flow of Compressible Fluids in Porous Strata
165
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Chapter XII. 'One-Dimensional and Radial~F'lox of Gasea
in Porous Medis
1. Law of Filtration of Gases. Experimental Studies ?
on the Flow of Gases in Porous Media
167
2 * Thermodynamic Processes During the Flow of Gases
in Porous Media
170
3? One-Dimensional, Steady Flow of Gases According to
the Linear Law of Filtration
176
~+. Radial, Steady Flow of Gases Accordi*_~g to the Linear
Law of Filtration
181
5. ftonsteady, Radial Flow of Gases According to the
Linear Law of Filtration
190
6. Steady Gas Flow Not Subject to the Linear Law of
Filtration
200
7. Flow of Real Gases in Porous Medic According to
the Law of Filtration
208
Chapter XIII. F1oW of Heterogeneo~is Flaida in Porous Media
217
1. Introductory Remarks
217
2. Phase (Effective) Permeability of a Porous Medium
219
3? Steady Flow of a Gaseous Fluid in a Porous Medium
225
~+. Nodsteady, Radial Flow of a Gaseous Fluid in a Porous
?Medium
233
? 5. Flow of a Idixture of Petroleum and Water in a Porous
Medium
244
6. Flow of a Mixture of Petroleum, Water, and Gas 3n a
Porous Medium
21}9
Chapter XN. Influence of the Radius and Degree of Hydro-
dynamic Imperfection of Wells on Their,Pro-
ductivity
256
1. Influence of the Radius of a Well on Its Productivity
256
2. Influence of the Hydrodynamic Imperfection of a Well
on Its Productivity
268
Chapter XV. Certain Problems Connected With the Study of
Wells Through Their Inflow
285
1:~ Introductory Remarks
285
2 ~ Laws Governing Changes in Drill-Hole Pressure -in a
Well After Shutdown
285
3 * Factors Influencing the Form of Indicator Curves
When Operating Conditions in a Well Are Stable
289
~ * Classification and Analyticiil Expression of Indi-
cator Curves
292
5 * Most Important C"aaracterietics of the Productivity
Factors of Wells
296
6 * Observations on Research Methods for Wells
301
Chapter XVI. Influence of the Difference in the Specific
Gravity of Two Fluids in a Stratum on the
P
t
i
i
ressure D
r
s
bution and Behavior of a Well
305
1.
Analysis of the Phenomenon of the Rise of Bottom
Water to the Face of an Oil Well ~
305
2.~ Remarks on Certain Hydrogeological Problems
310
CONFi6~~~~?AL
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Chapter XVII. Flow of Fluids?.and Gases in Strata With
Nonuniform Permeability
31?_
1.. Introductory Remarks
312
2. One-Dimensional Flow of Fluids in Nonuniform
strata
319
3. Plane-Radta3~7. Flow of Fluids in Nonuniform Strata
319
4.* Influence 'of the Nonuniformity of a Stratum on the
Flow of an Incompressib7:e Fluid According to
Krasnopol'skiy's Law of Filtration
?28
5. Generalizetion of the Foregoing Conclusions
Water
nt of Oil and Gas b
Di
l
t
XVIII
h
332
335
ap
er
C
1.
y
sp
aceme
.
One-Dimensional Problem in the Displacement of
Oil by Water
336
2.
Diap7:acement of Oil by Water During Plane, Radial
Flow
344
3.
One-Dimensional Problem in the Displacement of
Gas by Water
350
4.
Displacement of Gas by Water Under Radial Filtra-
tion Conditions
357
5.
Remarks on the Influence of the Viscosity of a
Gas on the Advancement of Water-Bearing Contours
During Displacement of Gas by Water
364
PART IV. NOPRADIAL FLOW OF FLUIDS AND GASES
TnW_a.Rn QNF: WELL AND TBE THEORY OF THE INTERACTION
OF WELLS (PROBLEM.4 SOLVABLE BY HYDROMECHANICAL METHODS
Chapter XIX. Study of Filtration Flow From a Pressure Well
to an Exploited Well and Study of Nonradial,
Steady Flow of Fluids and Gases Toward One Well.
Explanation of the Influence of the Shape of Con-
tours of a Supply Area on the Yield of Wells and
Distribution of Pressure in a Stratum
1. Re~arka on the Statement of the Problems
2. Study of Filtration Flow Frum a Pressure Well ho
? an Exploited 'dell
3. Nonradial Floe of Fluids Toward a Well When the
Contours of the Supply Area Are Recti],inear
4. Nonradial Flow of Fluids Toward a Well When the
Contours of-the Supply Area ,Are Curved
5. Influence of +.he Form of the Contours of the
Supply Area on the Yield of the Well. R~:marks
on 'the Possibilityr of Using the Formula for a
. Radial Inflow'When the Flow of a F'.uid to a Well
is Nonradial '
Chapter'XX. Theory of the'Interaction of Wells
1. Statement of Fundamental Problems
2. Basic Formulae Describing the Operation oP Two
Interacting Wells
3. Analysis of Families of Paths, Isobars, and Dis-
tribution df Filtration Rates in a Stratum in the
Case of Two Interacting We11s
367
367
369
380
38l
385
389
389
395
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4.*? Solution .of the Simplest Problem Under Condi-
tioas Involving Capping of One of the Two Wells
During the Course of Their Inte_action
..
411
5* Characteristics of Productivity Factors in In-
teracting Wells
412
6. Numerical Evaluation of the Interacting Effect
of Two Wells
419
7. Interaction ,of a Circular Bank of Wells
422
8. Evaluation?of the Interacting Effect of Many
Wells When Disposed Along a Straight Line or in
a Square Network
428
9 * Analysis of the Simplest Hydrodynamic Fields of
Interacting Wells and Conclusions Regarding the
Influence of Impermeable Stratum Boundaries on
Their Operation
435
10.* Evaluation oP the Interacting Effect of We11s .
. in a Rectilinear Bank in the PrPSence of Im-
permeable Stratum Boundaries; Comparative Yield
of Rectilinear~~k^+~+s sand ~Barika
441
Chapter XRI. Simplest Lawa Governing the Contraction of
the Contours of 011-Bearing Areas in Wells.
Conclusions in Connection with Rational
Methods of Well Spacing.
447
1. Remarks on the Statement of Problems
447'
2. Conte'sction,pf 011-Bearing Contours of Different
Shapes::forrOne Well~'~~~ ~ ~ .. .,,. r , ~ ,..~.~
.448
3. Contraction. of 031~?Bearing Contours for Two In-
teracting Wells
?
45S
4.*? Contraction of Oil-Bearing Contours for Wells in
Circular Banks
485
5.~ Peculiar Feats*es of the Contraction of Oil-Bearing
Contours Extended in an Oval for We11s Disposed
Along the Long Axis of the Oval
463
6.* Pe:culiar Features of the Contraction oP Oil-Bearing
Contours fora One-Row Bank of Wells in a Stratum
Closed on Three Sides
465
7 ~ A Few Ideas?on the Spacing of Wells in 0i1=Bearing
Strata Under Water-Pressure Conditions
470
PART V.' DIFSEREHTIAL~:EQTJATIONS..FORr.UNUERGROUND HYDRAULICS.
CONCLUSIONS
Chapter XXII. ?Differential Equations for the Flow of Fluids
and Gases in.Poroua Media According to the
Linear Filtration Law and Their Integration
in the Simplest Cases
1.
Equation of Continuity During the Flow of Uniform
Fluids and Gases in an Undistorted Porcius Medium
474
2.
Ecjuation of Flow for Fluids Sufficiently?Compres- .
sable to Form Drops and Incompressible Fluids in
a Porous Medium Incapable of Distortion
477
3?
Equations of Motion ibr Gases in a Porous Medium
484
4.
Flow of a Gaseous Fluid in a Porous Medium
492
-6-
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QQNFI~FHTIAL
CONFIDB~IAL
5. Differential Sgnation for the Flow of a Ca~mpres-
sible Fluid in an Elastic Porous Medium
6. Analogy Between the Flow of Fluids and Gases in
a porous Medium and Other Physical Phenomena
Chapy,.er %RIII.* Short History of the Development of Under-
ground Hydraulics. Conclusions
~+q4
~-97
501
510
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