THE POWER ECONOMY IN POLAND

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600350773-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 23, 2011
• Sequence Number: 773
• Publication Date: November 1, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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1
COUNTRY
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL j1A~f~~L~~~~L
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY!!llCCEEid REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO 6ROADCAST5 CD NO.
SUBJECT Economic -Power, electricity
~IiOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodicals
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Apr 1948, Mar.' 1950
LANGUAGE Russian _.
TXIS DOCUY[NT CONTAIX! INIORYAl10N A,T[CTINO TN[ NATIONAL OLILN![
0/ TN[ VNIT[D STAT[S WITNIM TNt Y[ANINO Of [S IIONA{[ ACT {0
U. S. [.. )1 AND 33, AS AY[NO[0. ITS TPANl YI!]ION OR TN[ R[Y[LATIOF
OS ITS CO NTINT! IN ANT YANN[L TO AN UNAVTXORIILO I[RSON IS IRO?
NI{ITLD {T LA'R. R[IROOUOTION 0/ THIS TORY IS IRONI{IT[D. _~
DATE OF
INFORMATION 191+8 - 1950 ?
DATE DIST. ~ Nov 1950
NO. OF PAGES 9
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
THE POWER ECONOMY OF POLAND
N. I. Romashkin
Elektrichestvo,
No 3, ~' 50
~ables follow the bibliography for this articl~
Reserves of black coal in Poland are calculated as 76.6 billion tons, of
which 7.7 billion tons are located in the western wojewodstwos. Reserves of
broim coal are estimated to amount to 18 billion tons, of which 5 bLLiiioL tons
are located in Poznan Wojewodstwo and 7 billion tons in Ziemia Lubuska in the
west. Table 1 shows Polish Yuel production.
Peat production on an industrial scale began in 1949? The 1949 plan called
for the production of 228,800 tone of peat for heating purposes, 12,000 tons of
peat briquettes, 419,000 bales (a bale weighs Yrom 60 to 100 kilograms) of peat
stable litter, and 75,000 square meters oY insulating tiles.
The 1946 hydroelectric power production amounted to 360 million kilowatt-
hours, or 6.3 percent of all the power produced in 1946. The capacity of hydro-~
electric power plants in 1946 was 5.6 percent of the capacity of all power plants,
or 119,000 kilowatts. .
The 1946 Poland had 36 hydroelectric power plants, or 16.25 percent of all
power plants in the country. The average capacity of the hydroelectric plants
was 3,30U kilowatts, as compared to 1,600-kilowatt average capacity of all
power plants in Poland. (All the above data applies to power plants which have
+ an installed capacity of 1,000 kilowatts or over.)
Production oY power (in million kilowatt-hours) by plants with a capacity
of over 1,000 kilowatts is as Yollows: 3,972.0 in 1938, 5,709.0 in 1946,
6,613.5 in 1947, 7,514.4 in 1948, 8,111.0 planned for 1919, and 18,000.0 planned
for 1955? Table 2 gives a breakdown oY this power production by types of power
.plants (in million kilowatt-hours).
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Production of power per capita per year (in kilowatt-hours) averaged 110
between 1933 and 1937, 275 in 1947, 315 in 1948; 800 is the figure planned for
1955, according to the Six-Year Plan:
During 9 prewar years, the increase in the production of power was only
902 million kilowatt-hours, while the increase between 1945 and 1949 was
2,400,000,000 kilowatt-hours.
According to data of the Power Administration, the total installed capac-
ity of power plants on 1 January 1946 was 2,300,000 kilowatts, and on 1 Janu-
ary 1948, 2,422,000 kilowatts. The number and capacity of power plants up to
1 January 1948 ~'e shown in Table 3 (for plants with a capacity of 1,000 kilo-
watts or over).
The total length of high-tension power lines in 1945 was 31,000 kilometers,
in 1946 44,000 kilometers, and in 1948 51,000 kilometers. The plan for 1955
calls for 76,000 kilometers of power lines. The 120-kilometer high-tension
power line constructed in 1948 forms the beginning of Gorr~y Slask and Dalny
Slask connection. The line which connects Pomorze and Poznan wo~ewodztwos is
also of ~zreat significance. The Poznan-Gorzow line has already been construc-
ted. The Szczecin-Stargrad line, which is under construction, is a part of
the Szczecin-Gorzow line. These and other lines forma 110-kilovolt high-
+,ension power network. A total of 4,000 kilometers of new power lines have
been constructed recently.
The 1948 capital investments in the Polish power industry amounted to
4.3 billion zlotys or about 1.9 Percent of all 1948 investments. Of this
amount about 2.15 billion zlotys were spent for the construction of new power
plants, 1.58 billion?zlotys for capital maintenance, and 710 million zlotys
for electrification of villages.
In 1940, 481 villages were electrif led; in 1947, 570 villages; and in 1948,
627 villages. At the end of 1948, Poland had 10,290 electrified villages. The
number of power consumers in rural areas increased from 70,000 in 1945 to 320,919
in 1948? In 1949 11,651 villages had been electrified and there were 370,000
consumers of power in these villages. Power consumption in villages in 1948 was
79 million kilowatt-hours.
During the war 85 percent of the Polish electrical industry was destroyed.
The capital investment of the electrical industry in 1937 amounted to 140 mil-
,;..,, olntvc vhilP dmmarliately after the war it was only about 90 million
zlotys (with the inclusion of regained territories).
The increase in the production of the electrical industry between 1945 and
1949 is as follows (1939 = 100):
1~ 1946 ~ 1248 Plan for 1949
Index amount of production 7 37 77 136 177
According to the Six-Year Plan the electrical industry production increase
is as follows:
1 0
1~1
12`,x_2_
Index amount of production
1949 =
100
100
132
152
182 225
276
327
1939 .
100
177
216
269
322 398
489.
579
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CONFIDENTIAL
The 1947 production in the electrical industry amounted to 168.7 million
zlotys in terms of 1937 prices.
The total number of enterprises and their form of ownership up to 1 Janu-
ary 1947 is shown in Table 4.
Production of the nine important types of products of the electrical in-
dustry is shown in Table 5.
The total post of 1955 electrical industry production is slated to amount
to 980 million zlotys (1937 prices), which is 280 percent above 1949 production.
The fluctuations in production, according to the Six-Year Plan, are shown
in Table 6.
According to the Six-Year Plan, the 1955 production of electrical machinery
will be Your times larger than in 1949. The production of asynchronous machines
in 1955 will be 6.5 times greater in terms of power than in 1949. The average
yearly output of transformers will be twice as great in 1955 as it was in 1949
and their capacity will be increased also. In addition to voltage transformers,
also current transformers, turbogenerators, electric locomotives, and rectifying
instruments for tractor substations will be produced in Poland in the near
future. An increase in the production of electric apparatus and equipment for
the automobile industry is contemplated.
By the end of the Six-Year Plan the production of control snd measuring
instruments will have increased five times over present production.
The production of low-tension distributing apparatus will also increase.
The actual production of electric apparatus will be six times ae large in 1955
as it is now. About 2,400 tons of products amounting to 15 million zlotys
(1937 prices) will be manufactured in 1955?
Production of iron and nickel storage batteries will be mastered soon.
In 1.955 the production of batteries, chief]y from domestic materials, will
reach the 20-million mark.
According to the plan, 350,000 radio receivers will be built in 1955?
In 193f~ only 142,000 receivers were built. In comparison with 1949, the pro-
duction of telephones will be six times greater in 1955?
TaiE ~Cj55 prvd'uCtiGia of electric lumps will ourpao lj~r'9 production by
70 percent, as a total of 30 million lamps are scheduled to be produced.
Polan~ will produce also gaslight pipes, mercury vapor lamps, and automobile
lights. The production of radio tubes will facilitate the establishment of a
Folish radio industry. The production of intermediate products in electric
lamp enterprises will be increased in the future.
A considerable expansion is planned in the production of cables and elec-
tric conductors, as well as in the electrification of railroads.
1. Nachrichten Fuer Aussenhandel, No 23, 20 Jul, 1948, p 5.
,,~~2.? Iron and Coal Trades Review, No 4170, 13 Jun, 1948.
~. Colliery Guardian No 4543, 4546, 19k8.
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Rzeczpospolita, No 379, 9 Dec, 1948.
Rocznik Statystyczny, 1948.
Polish Industry, 1949?
7. People's Poland, 1949.
8. Rzeczpospolita, No 8, 9 Jan, and No 17, 18 Jan, 1949?
9. Wiadomosci Statystyczne, No 14, 1949?
10. Gospodarka Planowa, Ro 5, 1949?
Table 1. Fuel Production
Unit 12~ 1246 ~ 1~ 1949 Plan
Blacx coal l,ooo tons 69,400 47,290 59,130 78,260 74,000
Brown coal 5,022 1,454 4,766 5,041
Petroleum 117 ]28
Natural gas Million cu m 149.3 148.3
Gas Prom coal Million cu m 189.1 237.5
Table 2. Power Production
(in million kw-h)
146
Production of electric power:
By public utility power plants
3,432
3,976
By industrial power plants
2,277
2,637
Including:
Coal industry
1,260
1,428
Metallurgy
216
228
Chemical industry
372
444
Cement industry
103 ~
132
Textile industry
96
132
Sugar industry
40
51
Paper industry
132
168
Other branches of industry
58
54
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~~NFIQEN~IAL
coNFlnErrrlnl.
Table 3. Number of Poxer Plante
No of Plants
Rated Poxer
(1.000 kx)
50X1-HUMS
Total for all power plants
232
2,284
t
.
Public utility power plants
97
1,196
Including hydroelectric
power plants
36
139
Industrial power plants
135
1,088
Including:
Coal industry .
37
583
Metallurgy
10
95
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Cement industry
7
36
Paper industry
7
57
Textile industry
20
57
Sugar industry
31
98
Other branches of industry
14
29
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~~ml~I~EN~laO.
CONFIDENTIAL
146
~~
1~1.L
Electrical industry (total output)'
Including output of:
100
100
100
Electrical machines
15.9
17.5
22.5
Electrical apparatus
16.3
18.5
23.0
Cables
38.6
29.0
18.4
Storage batteries
12.0
7.7
5.4
Electric lamps
11.3
13.6
14.9
Radio parts
5.9
13.7
15.8
PROJECTED POLISH POWER PROJECTS
A. K. Okrab
Elektricheskiye Stantsii,
? No 4, Apr 48
The following power projects are scheduled to be constructed or completed
in Poland in the next few years:
1. A .large power plant in Mechowice for the purpose of exploiting low-
grade coal of the Gliwice basin. Construction of this power plant has begun
already. It will have a capacity of 300,000 kilowatts and will be twice as
large as the "Elektro" Power Plant in Laziska Gorne.
2. The power plants in Szombierki and Zabrze, with a combined capacity
of 105,000 kilowatts.
3. Completion and putting into operation at the end of 1949 of some of
the units of the power plant in Gorzow, which will have a capacity of 42,000
kilowatts.
4. Four new units of the power plant in Borowa Gora,.located near the
mouth of the Bobrawa River, which will begin?operation in 1949 and will pro-
duce 70 million kilowatt-hours per year.
5. The 10,000-kilowatt hydroelectric power plant in Czchow, which is under
construction and is to be the second largest hydroelectric plant (the largest
is the power plant at Roznow). Both power plants are located on the Duna,~ec
River. The yearly production of the plant at Roznow will be 146 million
kilowatt-hours at the end of the Three-Year Plan, and that of the plant at
Czchow will be 40 million kilowatt-hours.
The power plants in Gdynia, Szczecin, Borowa Gora, Czechowice, and Elblag
are to be P.xpanded.
~Q~F14E~1 ~ ILL
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~Q~JFIllEN11Al
1. Zycie Gospodarcze, No 20, ].-15 Nov 1947; No 19, 16-31 Oct 1947.
2. Gospodarka Planowa, No 8, 5 May 1947.
3. Rzeczpospolita, 20 Nov 1947, 19 Dec 1947.
4. Guidebook to the exhibition, "Industry of Regained Territories,"
organized in Warsaw in Jun 1947.
50X1-HUM
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