SUMMARIZES GENERAL DATA FOR PAST YEAR ON NORTH, NORTHEAST, AND EAST CHINA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370071-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 27, 2011
• Sequence Number: 71
• Publication Date: December 21, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370071-2
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE. AGENCY REPORT
;INFORMATION FROM
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1950
Economic; Sociological
Daily newspaper
Bangkok
6 - 10 Oct 1950
nu soanRMT CONTAINS IN-OSMAnos unensa TNa snout saPEUa
or TNa OlIN! OTATM tl.N.^ na NuNlss or ItMONRSt ACT w
s. t. C.. sl Aw sa. Al An 11010. ITS TRSN)NISSION Olt T1t 1O1LAT ON
OF ITI CRMTRMTS IN ARV NMNNN TO AX VNAOTNOSIaas PERSON II PRO'
NIIIRO By LAN. sarsoooCnou or TNU FORM Is PEONIIITas.
DATE DIST. a/ Dec 1950
NO. OF PAGES 5
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMASIOn
SU14MARIZES GENERAL DATA FOR PAST YEAR
ON NORTH. NORTHEAST, AND EAST CHINA
The pro-Communist Bangkok Ch'uan-min Pao reports that the eco-
nomic and cultural advances in the people's reconstruction program
have been outstanding during the past year, despite natural calami-
ties and foreign deterrence. Data for many fields are given for
North, Northeast, and East China.
NORTH CHINA REVEALS PROGRESS -- Bangkok, Ch'Sian-min Pao, 6 Oct 50
Peiping; 6 October (Hain-hua) -- During the past year, the various re-
habilitation projects of the North China District have made daily advances
toward recovery.
North China's industrial production has shown impressive recovery. Coal,
electricity, and steel, the three essential industries; have all recovered
and advanced to new records. The power plants maintained electrical service
throughout the year, as the KMT had never been able to do. The average amount
of coal required to generate one unit j5resumably kilowat7 of electricity
dropped to the new low of 0.7887 kilograms during the second quarter. In the
first quarter, the amount of electricity generated and supplied surpassed the
estimated standards, setting a new record for the industry. In comparison with
the corresponding period in 1949, steel production in the third quarter of 1950
has doubled or trebled.
Not long after it had been taken over in 1949, the Tientsin China Textiles
Corporation produced 8,.9 percent more bolt cloth than its average under KMT con-
trol. The 1950 basic quotas are 25.74 percent higher than those for 1949; yet,
as of June, production was already 9.4 percent above the annual quota. Produc-
tion of'Shansi cloth is 10 percent above prewar levels. Private industry is also
undergoing daily charges and progressing with a splendid record. After the Ta
hsing (Great Prosperity) Textiles Plant at Shih-chia-chuang had been restored to
private management, it underwent a period of reorganization. Systems of compet-
itive production, instituted in May 1950, brought the total output of yarn and
fine-weave cloth to 80 ,percent beyond the figures for the first days following
50X1-HUM
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370071-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600370071-2
'(
CONFIDES II
the return to private management. During the months of April, May, and Junc
1950, the Tientsin Heng-yuan Yarn Plant instituted a red-flag production com-
petition which raised yarn output 15.7 percent, and cloth output 29 percent,
above the March figures. Pei-yang and Ta-sheng have also shown fine records.
Agricultural recovery, however, has been more difficult, owing largely
to windstorms, drought, pests, hail, and floods, which devastated an, area
45 million mou and imperiled 14 million people with imminent starvation in
the fall of 1949. Moreover, the farming people's burdens have not yet been
eased, since the district was only recently liberated. All of this, however,
has not deterred the plans for production recovery. Through conservation in
expenditures, the People's government has sent more than 300 m_{llion catties
of relief grain into Hopeh and Pingyuan provinces. To provide funds for stock
animals, water conservancy, etc., loans totaling 119 million catties of rice
in value have been granted.
The total production for the North China Regional District has now reached
91 percent of the prewar level. Cotton acreage has exceeded the 1950 quota and
the harvest has reached the prewar level. These successes are the fruits of land
reform. During the winter of 1949 and the spring of 1950, over 10 million farm-
ing people in the district succeeded in accomplishing land reform.
The success of rural-urban trade during the past year has been outstanding
within the general picture of industrial and agricultural production recovery.
Under the powerful organizatica of state trade agencies and cooperatives, the
state purchased more than 480 million catties of provisions from farming people
between January and August 1950. In the period from September 1949 to August
1950 state.purchhses"of. cotton reached 1,550,000 market t?piculs. According,'
to data covering, the period-from August 1949 to August 1950,~state'.trade
agencies have marketed to. the farming communities a total of 120,000 bolts
of cotton cloth;;17,000 balsa, of cotton yarn, and everyday commodities valued
At,,-20 million :quanc: 'The district now has over 12,000 basic-level! coopera-
tives in the farming communities marketing articles of daily use.
Advancements in production and living standards have been accompanied by
demands of workers and farmers everywhere for cultural training and for the op-
portunity to send their children to school. More than 710 after-hours schools have
been established for workers in the principal mines and factories and in the mu-
nicipalities of Peiping, Tientsin, T'ai-yuan, Tang-shan, and Shih-chia-chuang.
According to incomplete data from the provinces of Shansi, Chahar, Hopeh, and
Pingyuan, there are now more than 11,000 people's schools capable of maintaining
a regular schedule of classes. Within these same four provinces, there are now
over 1,000 additional elementary schools, with an increase in attendance of
410,000 children.
At present, 100,000 Communist Party cadres are carrying out the rectifica-
tion and education movement. In 1949, some 200,000 party members engaged in
training activities; in 1950, these cadre-training activities will reach even
greater proportions.
Mukden, 6 October (Hsin-hua). -- The people of Northeast China have achieved
excellent results in their economic reconstruction during the part year.
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIOEA1IML
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP8O-00809AO00600370071-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370071-2
r -1
C, 1~f9; ml"f m L
In the field of industry, the 1950 production quotas of the Northeast
People's government are set at 193 percent of the 1949 quotas. It was planned
that 41.7 percent of the 1950 quotas should be completed by midyear; actually,
44.1 percent had been completed by that time. Labor's production efficiency
was 14.1 percent ahead of the quota after the first half of 1950. During the
first quarter, coal prices fell 10.56 percent; steel, 7.9 percent; chemical en-
gineering materials, 12.18 percent; paper, 9.53 percent; and textiles, 7.4 per-
cent. Rail transport quotas were 54.1 percent completed at the midyear.
The 1950 quota for agricultural production, including the eastern dis-
trict of Inner Mongolia, is 18 million tons of provis.ons. Surveys and reports
from the various provinces indicate that production may exceed the quota by
750,000 tons. The average production per Shang fo-ne shang equals 7 mou7 in
1950 may exceed the 1943 average by 204 chin,, which wou~d be 132 chin over the
1950' quota.
State trade organizations have marketed 67 percent of the farmers' com-
mercial produce, 42 percent of their supplementary products, and state-produced
commodities valued at 11.8 trillion ryuan. The people's requirements have been
met as follows: cotton cloth, 80 percent; table salt, 90 percent; and coal, 71
percent. Likewise, essential industrial raw materials and food for the urban
populace have been supplied. In commodities essential to society, including
wholesale lots to cooperatives and private commercial firms, the state trade
enterprises in the Northeast. Regional District have supplied approximately 44
percent of the total requirement.
By June 1950, there were over 11,600 cooperatives in the Northeast. Coop-
eratives have been.established in 32 percent of the administrative villages, with
a membership totaling 9,680,000 or 24 percent of the Northeast population. As of
June 1950, capital funds of cooperatives had increased by 76 percent from Decem-
ber 1949 and the total evaluation of sales transactions had risen to 260 percent
of the December figure.
The number of private factories in Mukden, as of June 1950, had risen 8.83
percent since December 1949; private capital had increased 86.6 percent; and the
number of workmen employed at private plants had increased 41.85 percent. The
total value of production in Mukden's private factories increased 15.2 percent
over the whole of 1949 during the first 6 months of 1950. Although the.number of
private commercial firms in Mukden decreased somewhat, capital rose by 18.8 per-
cent from December 1949 to June 1950. The total amount of trade, as of June 1950,
had risen by 81.8 percent since December 1949.
As a result of widespread collective labor-management contracts signed within
the 25 major enterprises in Mukden, the number of labor disputes dropped from 131
cases in December l91.9 to 45 cases in April 1950.
Prices have been stabilized. The wage system was changed in April 1950 to
include eight grades. The average wage rose 8 percent from December 1949 and
the average technician's wage rose 38.9 percent. The actual expenditures from
workmen's insurance and welfare funds toward medical, cultural, safety, and san-
itation activities for the workmen amounted to 18 percent of the total amount of
wages. A survey in the model village of K'o-shan shows that the farmer's purchas-
ing power has risen from the 19!18 base of 100, to 136 in 1949 and to-263 in 1950.
There are now 16 cplleges..(kao-teng hstleh-hsiao) in the Northeast, with
15,700 students. The number of middle schools has risen 12.7 percent since 1949.
and the number of students has increased 38 percent. The number of teachers has
risen 46 percent since 1949. More than 5,000 persons now attend workmen's middle
schools or study groups. There are now 33,807 elementary schools in the North-
east, with 4,576,111 students. In the winter of 1949, the number of winter schools
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370071-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370071-2
1
OONFIR NTW
CONFIDENTIAL
in the farming villages was 90.4 percent higher than in 1948 and the number
of persons attending winter schools was 245 percent higher. Incomplete data
list 3,874 workmen's cultural night schools and 297,096 persons in attendance.
The Northeast New China Publishi House published 14,260,000 textbooks in
various fields, 4,890,000 books ?unspecified, and 2,430,000 magazines. The
Northeast now has more than 7,000 after-hours dramatics groups with over
200,000 persons participating.
Five of the six provinces in the Northeast have established all-circles
delegates conferences which, in accordance with provisions of the Common Pro-
gram, function in the absence of all-circles delegates congresses. In 56 mu-
nicipalities (including hsien cities with a population of 30,000 or more) con-
ferences have been convened from two to five times; in some of the municipali-
ties, such conferences act in the absence of congresses. In 167 hsiens, there
have been two meetings; in 15 of these hsien , the conferences were convened
in place of congresses. Of 1,877 ch'us, 84.6 percent have convened all-circles
delegates conferences. Of 1,476 villages, 71.5 percent have held sessions of
the conference.
EAST CHINA OVERCOMES INFLATION -- Bangkok, Ch'uan-min Pao, 10-Oct ;0
Shanghai, 6 October (Hain-hua) -- East China has overcome vast difficul-
ties to achieve a magnificent victory during the past year. The Liberation
Army has routed the enemy agents; the Air Force has been strengthened; the
enemy's coastal blockade has been overcome. The East China Army now turns its
efforts to preparations for the liberation of Taiwan and to the solidification
of national defense.
In the field of industry and commerce, the People's government has widely
instituted systems of control and administrative procedures to free the areas
from dependence on imperialist economy. Some 1,800,000 persons, constituting
59 percent of the workmen in East China, have been organized. Price stabiliza-
tion has effectively ended a 10-year period of inflation. From April to August
1950, the People's government in Shanghai farmed out a total of 96,986 vales of
cotton yarn, 1,320,000 bolts of cotton cloth, and 1,080,000 bolts of patterned
cloth to private textile mills for processing. Orders placed with the electrical
equipment, machine, and steel industries amount to 26,600,000 parity units.
Loans (including those granted by banks under joint public and private manage-
ment) approximate 3,431,800,000,000 yuan.
Further Shanghai data are as follows:
May 1950 Aug 1950
Commerical Commercial
Action Factories Houses Factories Houses
Applications to
.suspend operations 501 2,947 65 235
In 1949, natu- 1 calamities vere inordinately severe in Northern Anhwei,
Northern Kiangsu, and Shangtung. A total of over 5,300 mou of arable land was
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370071-2
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370071-2
I
4 4
FFIDE T
L
the East China Regional District has completed water conservancy earthwork
to the extent of 196,300,000 fang Tone fang is presumed to be equal to
nearly 3 cubic meters' through the labors of some 3 million workers. Relief
provisions totaled one billion chin. Water conservancy measures will prevent
or reduce flood damage over an area of 23 million mou:.? and extend the benefits
of irrigation to 9 million mou of land outside the flood area. Estimates place
the possible 1950 production of provisions in East China at a total of 56 bil-
lion chin, or 78 percent of the prewar level (71.9 billion chin). The total pro-
duction in raw cotton is set at 3.6 million piculs or more, which is roughly
78 percent of the peak prewar output of 46 million piculs.
Advances have also been made in reconstructing the people's political
rights. The membership in agricultural associations in the newly established
East China Regional District numbers over 13?million. The pao-chia syst-m has
been abolished. All-circles people's delegates have established conferences in
405 hsiens, in all municipalities having a population of 3 million or more, and,
on the higher level, in Chekiang Province, Shantung Province, and the adninis-
trutive districts of Southern Kiangsu and Southern Anhwei.
Cultural training has progressed during the year. The People's government
is also helping in the maintenance or reconstruction of existing schools both
public and private. Relief measures have been taken to aid unemployed teachers
and persons of school age who are not attending school. Industrial and agricul-
ture! cadres ar&given supplemental cultural schooling and a large number of
cadres are being trained for land-reform duties. Incomplete data indicate that
East China has now organized 2,000 after-hours schools for workmen, training some
200,000 students (mainly in the larger municipal centers). During the winter of
1949, more than 3 million farming people took part in the educational program
(chiefly in the former District of Shantung). The level of the people's politi-
cal culture has begun to rise, along with increased activities in sanitation
measures and added interest in the humanities.
- 5
CONFIDENTIAL 6C6tl'~10~~1j~~~
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/27: CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370071-2