AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ELEMENTS OF ATMOSHPERIC RADIATION EXCHANGE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600370279-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 27, 2011
• Sequence Number: 279
• Publication Date: January 9, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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I
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIALCM IDEH11A1
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Scientific - Geophysics, climatology,
actinometry
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
D'IfE
PUBLISHED Jun 1950
LANGUAGE Russian
THIS DOCUY[NT CONTAINS IOFONNATION AFFECTING TON NATIONAL D[FINSO
Or IN,
1000100 OFY SSr10NAG Ev ACT SO
UNITSD STATES WITHIN THE
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1950
D ,TE DIST. 9' Jan 1951
NO. OF PAGES 2
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
SOURCE Vestnik Akau mii Nauk SSSR, No 6, 1950, pp 122-123.
AN EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ELEMENTS
ANGE
OF ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION EXCH
In the Geographical Institute, Academy of Sciences USSR, L. V. Gul'nit-
skiy defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Physicomathemati-
cal Sciences, on an effective method of determining the elements of atmos-
pheric radiation exchange. The existing methods of radiation calculation,
which are necessary for weather forecasting, and the present equipment at
actinometric stations do not satisfy the requirements. The sensitivity of
the instruments varies with the meteorological elements and these variations
are sometimes difficult to check; thus the voluminous data obtained by acti-
nometric stations cannot be used.
In his dissertation, Gul'nitskiy analyzed present-day actinometric equip-
ment and formulated improved methods for studying radiation He de-
signed a number of instruments, the main one being the pyonee py1`8ed
ter, which makes the pyrgeometric scale absolute and has universal application
(i.e., it can be used for measuring both direct solar radiation and effective
radiation). The new instrument permits one to obtain directly in absolute units,
the earth's effective radiation and its constants. With the he'.p of this in-
strument, the pyrgeometric scale can be related to the pyrheliometric. The re-
ceiving -element in this pyrheliometer-pyrgeometer is an Albrecht pyranometer
improved by Gul'nitskiy so that it is freed from'the effect of prolonged ac-
tion of the meteorological factors and is capable of reacting to radiation
effects in both the bright and dark parts of the day.
The operating principle of this instrument is given by the author, and
moreover all deriva+tons are reduced to figures and compiled in tables, graphs,
and nomograms. The introduction of this instrument into Tractice, in the opin-
ion of official opponent A. I. Kaygorodov, Poctor of Physicomathematical Sci-
ences, will prove very important for actinometric observations.
Gul'nitskiy also designed instruments for the determination of total radia-
tion energy, for direct determination of the radiation balance of a blackbody
and for the measurement and recording of ultraviolet radiation by the thermal
method (an ultraviolet compensation actinometer, an ultraviolet actinograph,
and a pyrheliometer for variable thermal conditions). He also constructed a
small model of the pyrheliometer-pyrgeometer for use in expeditions. These
instruments make'.possible actinometric observations on elements difficult
CONFIDENTIAL
STATE NAVY
ARMY AIR
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NSRB
FBI
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to measure, such as shortwave ultraviolet radiation. They also create impor-
tant methodological refinements such as integration and registration of all
forms of radiation, i.e., total and ultraviolet radiation balance, black-body
radiation, and effective radiation of the earth.
From prolonged observations !t Minsk and Alma-Ata, Gul'nitskiy refuted
existing data on a very important problem for the weather service, namely,
the problem of the seasonal behavior of effective radiation. He proved con-
vincingly that the Angstrom pyrgeometer used for observations of this effect
.'ianges its sensitivity under the influence of seasonal humidity variations,
and that this is the reason for the incorrect conclusions. He also substan-`
tially revised data on the diurnal behavior of effective radiation. Impor-
tant results were obtained from his observations on the radiation character-
istics of air masses and from his determination of the solar constant and the
boundary transparency coefficient. Gul'nitskiy suggested a method for deter-
mining the solar constant which permits use of the vast material obtained at
actinometric stations (aainly total direct solar radiation measured for dif-
ferent __r masses).
In the opinion of official opponent V. G. Fesenkov, the method proposed
can easily be brought up to the required degree of accuracy and its develop-
ment will permit organization of important studies on the radiatiou balance
at various heights over the earth's surface. These studies should produce
valuable materials for clarifying the energy regime of our planet.
Official opponent I. A. Khvostikov, Doctor of Physicomatematical Sci-
ences, noted the great theoretical interest and practical importance of the
dissertation for the climatological service.
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