NEW MACHINES FOR SOVIET ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600380136-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 12, 2011
• Sequence Number: 136
• Publication Date: February 26, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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I
Crunrwrfl 1 I AL 7
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Economic - Technological, agriculture) machine
building
HOW
PUBLISHED MoilGhly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED'' Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Dec 1950
LANGUAGE Russian
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFONUATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF TNI UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF ESPIONAGEV ACT $0
Saltkhc-A.~A..^'rin? No i10 lo5n
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1950
DATE DIST. dl6 Feb 1951
NO. OF PAGES 5
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
NEW MACHINES FOR SOVIET ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Engineers A. V. Chumak and A. A. Shvetsov
Since the publication of the Three-Year Plan (1949-51) for the development
of the livestock industry, issued by the Council of Ministers USSR and the TsK
VKP(b)a designers and scientific workers of the SKB (Special Design Bureau) at-
tached to the Gomsel'mash Plant, the VISKhOM (All-Union Institute of Agricul-
tural-Machine Building), and the VIM (All-Union Institute for the Mechanization
of Agriculture) have worked out a number of new machines and improved some of
the existing models for the livestock industry. These include the following:
SK-l.2 Silage Combine
This machine, which has a single-row attachment to harvest plants with tall
stalks, is a product of the J int efforts of the VISKhOM and the Gomsel-mash SKB.
It Las shown good performance in tests.
The combine moos the plants, cuts them into pieces, gathers them into a
hopper and, subsequently, discharges them. It is powered from the take-off
shaft of an STZ, VTZ, or KD-35 tractor, and requires two workers to operate it.
The machine consists of a cutting part with a reeling frame and conveyer, a
drum-type silage cutter with a worm conveyer, and a hopper. The plants are cut
at the root and picked up by the conveyer which leads to the drum. There they
are cut into pieces 13-15 millimeters long. The resulting mass passes on to the
worm conveyer and then into the hopper. In proportion as the hopper is filled
the mass is discharged by a strip conveyer to a truck or directly into the silo.
A special one-row attachment for plants whose stalks are more than 2 meters
high, such as maize,?sunflower, and other cultures, is mounted.on the basic frame
in lieu of the cutt;!.ng parts and conveyers. The attachment consists of a special
cutting mechanism with enlarged sggmented blades and a chain conveyer with'an in-
take mechanism.
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Specifications of the silage combine are as follows: span -- 1.2 meters,
drum diameter -- 400 millimeters, drum revolutions per minute -- 1,034, hopper
volume -- 2.5 cubic meters, optimum production capacity -- 15 tons per hour,
normal production capacity -- 6-7 tons per hour, and over-all dimensions 3.8
meters high, 4.2 meters long, and 3.15 meters wide.
PSS-6.0 Straw Cutter
This machine, the productivity of which is 6 tons per hour, cuts green
plants, which it conveys to the silo tower. It may also be used to prepare raw
fodder that is to be fed immediately to the cattle.
The machine consists of a feed mechanism, cutting device, transfer mechanism,
conveyer pipes, and running gear.
The feed mechanism consists of a conveyer and feed roller which compresses
the mass and pushes it toward the cutting apparatus. The drum-type cutting de-
vice, which is equipped with shovels, cuts up the product and conveys it to the
silo tower. The design of the metal frame is based on the assumption that the
machine will be stationary or will be moved over very short distances.
The machine requires a power supply of 5.4 kilowatts. It is 2.7 meters high,
1.77 meters long, and 2.0 meters wide. Its total weight is 720 kilograms.
ZKP-.0 Mobile Fodder-Steaming Aggregate
This machine, which steams potatoes on animal husbandry farms, was worked
out by the Gomsel'mash SKB in collaboration with the VISKhOM. It consists of a
steam boiler, pump, water safety mechanism, three steam vats, and a two-wheel run-
ning gear.
The steam boiler, of the vertical type, has a heating surface of 5.6 square
meters. It has a water heater in its upper part, which is a closed cylinder
with nine smoke-consuming pipes welded into its top and bottom.
The safety mechanism is designed for a maximum pressure of 0.25 atmosphere.
Each of the vats holds 300 kilograms of potatoes, and is equipped with steam-
distributing pipes and a grating made of sheet steel.
A crane is mounted on the machine for lifting and moving the boiler
The boiler must be heated 45 minutes to yield a steam pressure of 0.1 atmos-
phere. The coal consumed is 2.7-3.2-kilograms per centner. The time required
to steam a vat of potatoes is 18-23 minutes.
MP-2.5 Root-Vegetable and Tuber Washer
The ZKP-1.0 steaming machine is used in combination with the MP-2.5, which
is designe@, to wash potatoes and root crops before they are stored in silos or
fed raw to the animals.
The MP-2.5, a drum-type and continuous-action machine, can be operated by
hand or mechanically. It consists of a frame on which are mounted a loading tray,
two drums, a trough, an unloading tray, and a drive mechanism. The tray is in the
form of an inclined grating with side walls. The drums are 600 millimeters in
diameter and have a grated surface of strip steel. Discharging scoops are mounted
inside the drums.
CV. N~4, FM! Fr' IiAL
50X1-HUM
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The transmission mechanism consists of a pair of conicalWand a pair of cy-
lindrical gears. At the end of the intermediate shaft, a handle is mounted for
hand operation; and at the free end of the drive,. there is a pulley which per-
mits the machine to be operated by a motor. The machine can wash 2 tons per
hour when hand-operated and 3 tons per hour when operated mechanically. It con-
sumes 0.2 liter of water per kilogram. When motor-driven, it requires a power
supply of 0.125 kilowatt.
KM-1.5 Potato Crusher
This machine, which crushes potatoes after they have been steamed was
worked out by Gomsel'mash SKB and is already in production. When powered by a
1.5 kilowa't motor, it processes 3.0 tons per hour; it can also be operated by
hand.
IK-3 Coarse-Fodder Crusher
This machine is designed to cut up thick-stemmed plants like maize, sorghum,
coarse hay, and green plants; to grind up oil cakes, mineral fodder ingredients,
and fertilizers; and to husk or grind grain. Powered by a 6-16 kilowatt motor,
itccrushesfodder for silo storage at the rate of 3.5-4 tons per hour and dry fod-
der at the rate of 0.7 ton per hour. The drum cutter revolves normally at the
rate of 1,000 revolutions per minute.
The IK-3, designed by the Gomsel'mash SKB in collaboration with VIM, has
been in production since 1950. It is a general-purpose machine and can replace
other machines, such as a silage cutter, oil-cake grinder, root cutter, and
crusher.
VE-2.5 Towerless Water-Pumping Station
This machine was designed by the VIM in collaboration with the Gomsel.'mash
SK9 and is scheduled for series production in 1951. It is intended for pumping
water from deep wells on animal husbandry farms and yields 10-30 cubic meters in
24 hours.
Its basic units are an air and water tank 0.8 cubic meter in volume, a
flanged moisture-proof 1.5-kilowatt motor, a four-chamber pump, a pneumatic
pressure regulator, and pipelines.
VISKhOM has designed the following machines for enterprises engaged in
breeding animals that are kept on the range:
Well-Digging Machine
It is of utmost importance for the development of range-animal husbandry
to dig wells in toe desert regions of Kazakhstan, North Caucasus, and other USSR
areas, where water may be obtained at comparatively low depths by exploiting soft
water-bearing strata. In this case, however, it is necessary to dig square or
round shafts having a diameter not less than one meter. It is necessary to pene-
trate the stratum at least 2 meters to insure a.vater reserve fir 750-1,000 head
of cattle during periods when the flow of water is slow. The depth of such a
shaft does not as a rule exceed 30 meters. (In Kazakhstan, 95 percent of the
wells are la meters deep or less.) Digging by hand at a depth exceeding 10 meters
is dangerous because of possible cave-ins.
The first model of a machine for the simultaneous digging and bracing of a
shaft, known 3 the KSh-25, was built in 1949. It performs the basic labor-con-
suming tasks; i.e.; digging and bringing the dirt to the surface, and can work
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at full capacity in sand or quicksand. It was given a series of tests in March
1950, in the course of which wells were dug in different types of beds 7-29 me-
ters deep. The column of water in the wells reached 5-6 meters. Tests have
established an average speed of 1.15 meters per hour for digging shafts.
The entire aggregate consists of a truck trailer, tower, drill with ex-
tension. rods, and attachments for lowering the supporting rings into the shaft.
The trailer is equuipped with an MK 32-horsepower gasoline engine, a re-
ducer, and a hoisting crane. The free part of the platform serves to carry the
drill pipe, attachments, and the tower itself. The driving gear that turns the
drilling rods is mounted on the tower; also, mounted is a lead pipe to the end
of which is attached a screw for releasing new rods in case of an emergency.
The basic working part of the machine is a cylindrical drill 800 millime-
ters in diameter with dilators. It serves the double purpose of drilling and
acting as a reservoir to collect the dirt after it has been broken up. As the
drill revolves, blades located in its tapered bottom break up the dirt, and the
dirt is forced inside the drill through the lower vents. At the same time thE:
dilators, located at the drill's upper rim, cut the dirt along the wall's ringed
surface (up to 1,200 millimeters) and throw it into Vae drill. in this maimer,
the drill is filled with dirt at the top and bottom simultaneously. As a result
a cylindrical shaft 1,200 millimeters in diameter is formed, with a cylindrical
bottom 800 millimeters in diameter. One work cycle, i.e., lowering the drill and
collecting, raising, and unloading the dirt, takes 6-7 minutes.
For transport purposes, the tower is turned around and placed in the trailer.
When folded, the aggregate may be transported on a ZIS-150 truck or tractor.
SPT-2.6 Snowplow
This machine is designed to clear the snow from winter grazing lands or to
clear a passage over which cattle may be driven to the feeding bE. -. It con-
sists of moldboards with shares and extension parts, three supporting skis, and
two drawbars with an axle. It is suspended from the front part of an STZ-NATI
tractor.
The moldboards, concave in form, are welded at the front to a vertical
blade which cuts the snow layer in two. The moldboards are placed at an angle
of 80 degrees to one another. They are 650 millimeters high in the front part
and 900 millimeters in the rear. The shares, which cut the snow into horizontal
layers, arr fastened to the lower part of the moldboard. When the snow is shal-
low, extensions may be attached; a wider span and full utilization of tractor's
power is thus obtained. As the moldboards move, they displace the snow in its
entire thickness on both sides, leaving a cleat: passage 2.6 meters wid' (without
extensions) or 3.5 meters (with extensions).
Incubators
Along with the Rekord-39 electric incubators, designed for large poultry
farms, with room for 39,000 eggs, there is also a neee for sectional incubators
for smaller poultry enterprises', which may be heated by kerosene or coal. Two
variants of such a machine have been designed by the VISKhOM in accordance with
plans by Engineer B. K. Goretskiy. The ISK-2.4, which has a capacity of 2,400
eggs, is heated by kerosene; the ISU-24 holds 24,000 eggs and is heated by coal
The incubators are similar in construction but differ in the design of the heat-
ing systems and boilers.
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Each incubator consists of a thermostatic box into which the eggs are placed
a water-pipe system, boiler, turning mechanism, gauges for regulating the air and
water temperatures, and thermometers and psychrometers for measuring the temper-
ature and moisture in the chamber of. the incubator.
The thermostatic box of the ISK-2.4 is made of wood and has ten sections into
which the trays with eggs are placed. The sections have ventilating shutters,
which open and close automatically. The turning mechanism, located on the rear
wall of the-incubator, turns the eggs in all the trays simultaneously, 45 degrees
to one side or the other. The air in the chamber is warmed by flat pipes placed
over the trays.
The temperature in the water pipes is maintained at 45-65 degrees by a ther-
moregulator. The water is warmed by two kerosene gas heaters under the boiler.
Thirty tubes placed vertically in the boiler bring up the hot gases from the heater
When the damper is the smoke chimney is open, the gases pass through the 12 middle
tubes; when it is closed, the gases pass through all the tubes. The damper is
automatically controlled by the thermoregulator.
In addition to the machines described above, other new machines are currently,
undergoing tests. These include a tractor-drawn manure loader and manure spreader,
overhead and ground converyers, and others. Additional machines will be designed
in 1951 for the mechanization of labor-consuming tasks on farms.
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