TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN SOVIET POWER ENGINEERING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600390536-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 19, 2011
• Sequence Number: 536
• Publication Date: June 5, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION COVIDEIT= CONFIDE IT ;
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Scientific - Electricity, power stations
HOW
PUBLISHED Mohthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Nov 1.950
LANGUAGE
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1950
DATE DIST. 5 Jun 1951
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
OP Thu UNITED STATES WITMn TOO Mdr11n1 OP [% IOMM1oACT IN
V. I. U.. II AID !1. Al Ara1Otl. In TRANSMISSION ON Tr1 ad6ATION
of ITS COSTS" Ir ANY 101111 10 Ar U0AUTr 1:1210 PERSON 15 rr0
011111/ BY LAW. IOPIWOUrnor or TRI/ TOWN 1/ PAOIU1no.
NaukaI Zhizn', No :11, 1950, pp 23-26.
TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN S0V!E^_L' POWER L.IVGIIi ERThG
t? ~ 'T, Veyts
Ccr:? ''-'M' Acad 3.:i (JSSR
Only the main achievements in the technical progra6s of Soviet electric.-
power production will be noted in this article..
At present, the main sources of electric power a-e sttam electric plants.
In 1940s their output was about 90% of the total power production in the USSR.
In 1950, despite an appreciable increase in the output of hydroelectric power,
they still accounted for four-fifths of the total power production.
In future five-year plans, the output of hydroelectric power stations
will shov an annual increase, largely due to construction of the Stalingrad,
Kuybyshev, Kakhovka, and other new high.-power hydroelectric stations.
utilization of local fuels made possible by progressive methods of preparation
and combustion. Effective methods have been developed for combustion of over
60 types of fuel with the most diverse properties, high moisture content (up
to 55%), high ash content (up. to 60% of the dry mass), negligible yield. of
volatile gases (3% of the fuel mass), low ash melting point, high sulfur con-
tent, different caking characteristics, etc.
Utilization of local fuels was particularly important during World War'II,
when the USSR was obliged to do without Donets coal and convert many power in.
stallations to other types of fuel, It was only a few months, however, before
the converted installations were operating reliably and economically on local
fuels.
WSRS
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Since the war, regional steam-electric power plants, Operating on local
i'aels, have produced over 75% of the total electric power. Further improvements
along these lines depend on better methods of ash Rid sulfur recovery, chemical
?t lization of various types of fuel in power stations, new methods of using
ash as raw material for industry, etc.
Steam With High Initial Parameters
Another significant trend in Soviet power engineering is the introduction
of ';eam with high initial preecures and temreraturee. Conversion of electric
power stations from an initial steam pressure of 15 atm and a temperature of
;3500 to 30 atm and 400? provides a 25-30% saving in fuel consumption. Conver-
sico f:om 30 atm and 4000 to 100 atm and 5000 will effect a further saving of
13-14%o Even before the war, Soviet electric gover stations were converted to
the high-standard parameters of 29 atm and 400 .(at the tnrbin?s)
Still another noteworthy Soviet achievement was an original uniflow boiler,
designed in 1943 by L. K. Ramzin, for which lie received a Stalin Prize,
During the postwar Stalin Five-Year Plan, Soviet plants have been building
powerful boilers and turbines with initial steam pressures of 90,100 atm.and
temperatures of 480-500?a Theoretical and experimental work is now being con-
ducted on converting to super--high initial parameters, ise., 170,250 atm and
55o-6o0(' o
Tn prerovoluticnar?, Russia, boilers did not produce more than 10 tons of
steam per hour as compared with 230 tons per hour today, and the maximum power
of turbines built by the Petersburg Metal Plant (now 114Z, the Leningrad Metal
Plant imeni Stalin) was 1,200 kwe Until the revolution, only 26 turbines with
a total power of 9,000 kw had been produced, Since then, turbogenerators with
a pcwe of 100,000 kw each have been put in operation. The 100,000..kw turbine
produced by L in 1938 - 1939 was the first highspeed, 3,000 rpm, two-cylinder
Li7'machine in the world.
in 1946, a 100,000-kw, single-shaft turbogenerator unit (3,000 rpm) was
built by LMZ and the "Elektrosila" Plant, Its initial steam parameters were
90 atm and 4800. Its weight, 265 tons, was no greater than that of the 29-atm
turbine with the same power outputs For this machine the "Elektrosila" Plant
built a hydrogen-cooled, 100,000-kw generator. The scientists, designers, and
engineers of both plants were twice awarded a Stalin for this work.
Automatic process control is being extensively intro:.aced in power stations.
Its use increases boiler efficiency by 2-3%, which would mean a saving of about
10,000 tons of fuel per year in a 200,000 kw station.
Several. series of improved automatic devices, such as the VTI,, TeKTI, the
Teploavtomat, etc., have been manufactured for boiler operation. Complek
automatic coatol.of boilers includes automatic regulation of water supply,
combustion, steam temperature, fuel delivery, etc, Two groups were awarded
Stalin Prizes in 1946 and 1948 for designing automatic boiler controls and in-
troducing them R n,industrye
Improvements are also being made for the electrical components of stations,
e.g., protective relays, automatic repeated reclosing, automatic devices for
switching in power reserves, etc.
During the postwar Five-Year Plan, considerable progress has been made in
automatic control of steam-electric power stations, but the introduction of
complex, automatic control in all steam-electric, power stations is still one of
the most-urgent tasks of Soviet power engineers.
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In recent years, the efficiency of steam-electric power stations has doubled,
but there is room for further 1mpzovement, both in this respect and in reducing
fuel consumption. Among such improvements are: new types of high-power boilers
and steam turbines with super-high initial steam parameters; better control equip-
ment for steam electric power stations; use of mercury-vapor turbines in enter-
prises and electric power stations; use of gas turbines operating on solid fuel
in low. or medium--power electric stations; greater utilization of waste beat-in;
induct cal entirpri/bs~I stion?of fuel^in*powertetationt;.and'pgw
"a -of poo-eri4ircuits.
Hydroelectric Stations
Great progress has also been made in the development of hydroelectric sta-
tions. The first hydroelectric station in the. USSR was the Volga, which began
operation in 1926. It was followed by the Dnepr, Svir, Sherbakovo, and 'therL.
After the war, the `igrad Metal and "Elektrosila' plants built hydraulic
turbines (102,0C' hp, efficiency 93%) and generators to rEU"'jxip t$eLDpepr sttt*sa.
The two groups responsible for tiyork were awarded a Stalin Prize in 19500'
Governmental plans'call for completion within 5 years of a 2,000,000-kw
hydroelectric station at Kuybyshev and a 1,700,000-kw station at Stalingrad.
These stations will produce 20 billion kwhr per year. When they are in opera-
tion, the large systems of the Center (Tsentr), headed by the Moscow system, _
and those of the Volga (from Kuybyshev to Astrakhan) and the central black-earth
regions will be combined. To transmit power from these high-power stations to
Moe.ow, distances of 800-1,000 km,,400-kv ac networks will be used.
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