SOVIET MACHINES FOR HARVESTING CORN TESTED

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000600400213-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2011
• Sequence Number: 213
• Publication Date: July 6, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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Z
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
1jW1,11 via-
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
SUBJECT Economic; Technological - Agricultural
machinery
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Apr 1951
LANGUAGE Russian
THIS DOCUNINT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTINS TH! NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING OF !SFIONA0E ACT SO
U. S. C.. S 1 AND 32, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION ON THE REVELATION
OF ITS CONTENTS IN ANT MANNEN TO AH UNAUTNORII[D PERSON IS PRO-
NENIT.D AT LAW. NSFRODOCTION Of THIS FORM IS FNOHINITIO.
REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
DATE DIST. k Jul 1951
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
SOVIET MACHINES FOR HARVESTING CORN TESTED
AW V. Krasnichenko,
A. P. Sobolev
High yields of corn (50-60 centners per hectare) have become widespread
in the USSR, and leading farmers gather as much as 110-140 centners of corn
per hectare. Corn also yields 200-250 centners of green Ensilage] mass or
50-60 centners of bay per hectare. Until recently, on'.y the sowing and
cultivation of corn have been mechanized.
The SSh-6 drill is used for nest sowing of corn, while the SD-24 and T8-2
drills are used for ordinary row sowing. Research is being conducted on the
replacement of the present colters with new rotating colters to improve seed
germination. Combination drills 'based on the design of the SSh-6 are being
constructed for simultaneously depositing seed and fertilizer.
The KUTS-4.2 tractor-drawn suspension cultivator is used for the care of
seedlings, and the KN-4.2 and KN-5.4 suspension cultivators are used for
seedlings with between-row intervals of 70 centimeters. A machine is be:.ig
developed for weeding between rows.
In the past 3 years, the Special Design Bureau of the Rostsel'mash
(Rostov-on-Don Agricultural-Machine Building) Plant aided by VISKhOM (All-
Union Institute of Agricultural-Machine Building) has constructed a number of
machines for mechanizing corn picking, the most labor-consuming process in
corn cultivation. The Special Design Bureau has developed machines to conform
with varying climatic and soil conditions, for separate picking-. a reaper-
binder and an ear husker. For combined harvesting operations it has developed
a corn picker with a stacker and combine. The new machines have been tested
and recommended for series production, with the exception of the ear husker
and the stacker for the corn picker, which need several improvements.
The ZhVK-1 single-row reaper-binder was tested in 1948 and 1949, found
satisfactory, and recommended for series production.
Sel'khozmashina, No 4, 1951
CLASSIFICATION
CONFIDENTIAL
CDNFIDENTIR
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UV. NFIlEN1 U
The Special Design Bureau developed the ZhVK-2 two-row reaper-binder in
1950, using many of the units ant individual parts of the ZbVK-1. The speci-
fications of the ZhVK-2 are: weight including elevator, 1,410 kilograms; di-
mensions without elevator and. cart, 3;915 x 2,500 x. 1,900 millimeters; work-
ing breadth. of machine, 1,.4-1.8 meters; produc'ivity, 0,65-0,84 hectares per
hours and capacity of cart; 1,000 kilograms or 120-150 sheaves. Four men op-
erate this machine. which increases labor productivity approximately seven
times as compared to hand harvesting. Tests in 1950 held at the Kubanskaya
Machine Experimental Station under unfavorable conditions (complete breakage
of stalks) gave satisfactory results-
The new OP-2 ee.r husker is designed to process corn stalks gathered by
the reaper-binder or by hand.. It separates the ears from the stalks, strips
them of cover leaves, and pulverizes the stalks into bulk ensilage.. The ma-
chine has a feeder which carries the stalks to it from the ground. The spe-
cifications of the OP-2 are weight, 1,510 kilograms, dimensions, 6,000 x
.2,000 x 2,400 millimeters. productivity, 1.,5-2,.0 tons per hour; and fuel con-
sumption, 7.6 kilograms per ton of corn ears.. The machine increases labor
productivity approximately five times., The husker was tested at the Kuban-
skaya Machine Experimental Station under unfavorable conditions. In the
test, 24 tons of hybrid 140 and.Minnesota corn in ears were processed, and
the following results were obtained. Bore picked by the machine, 99.7 percent;
degree to which ears were husked., 50 percent; broken ears, 2,45 percent; shell-
ing of grain from the ears. 2,51 percent, and loss of grain in the bulk ensil-
age, 0.84 percent,.
The Special Design Bureau started to develop the SPU-2 corn picker in
1948 and introduced a number of inr+rovements in it in 1950.. The SPU-2 is a
two-row machine designed. for work on corn plantings with. between..row inter-
vals of 70-90 centimeters, e.rd is drawn by the SKhTZ-3 wheeled tractor, or in
some cases by the Universal tra.-tor in first speedo Specifications of the SPU-2
are, weight, 1,600 kilograms; d-imensionsy 4,375 x 4,010 x 3,395 millimeters;
working breadth, 1?4-1,.8 meters, productivity, 0.65-0.84 hectares per hour; and
fuel consumption, 16 kilograms per hectare.. The SPU-2 increases labor produc-
tivity approximately 15 times.
Tests on the SPU-2 took place at the Kubanskaya Machine Experimental Sta-
tion from 28 September to 1 November 1950 on plantings of Minnesota and hybrids
of Minnesota corn with stalk hei..ghts of 1.10-163 centimeters Corn yield was
15-40 centners per hectare with an average density of 37,714 plants per hec-
tare. Moisture content of the stalks was 44.2-63.0 percent; of the grain,
18-19 percent. During the test period, 90 percent of the coru was broken and
knocked to the ground by strong winds and heavy rains? In srite of this, the
picker gathered 39 and 26 hectares of corn with between-row intervals of 90
and. 70 centimeters respectively.
Productivity of the machine was as high as 0.60-0,71 hectares per hour..
.Tests of the machine gave these results shelling of grain from ears, an
average of 1.52 percer.t; nonreturnable loss of grain, 1.10 percent; returnable
loss, 4.95 percent; degree to which e5rs were stripped. of cover leaves, complete
removal, 34,9 percent; and. partial removal, 17 percent. On the basis of these
.tests, the SPU-2 picker has been recommended for production to replace the SKP-2
picker.
The KU-2 corn-harvesting combine, built after large-scale research and ex-
periments by the Special Design Bureau at the Rostsel'mash Plant and by VISKhOM,
turns out corn in ears and. bulk ensilage,. This two-row combine gathers corn
from plantings with between-row intervals of 70 and 90 centimeters, and is drawn
by the KD-35 tractor, Specifications of the KU-2 are, weight without stacker,
1,880 kilograms; dimensions, 6,000 x 3,800 x 3,450 millimeters; working breadth,
1.4-1.8'meters; productivity, 0.65-0.84 hectares per hour; capacity of corn bin,
one cubic meter; capacity of stacker, 5 cubic meters; and fuel consumption,
25.5 kilograms to harvest one. hectare, The combine.i.ncreases labor productivity
30 times.
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UU01I1C11 I In'.
The combine was tested at the Kubanskaya Machine Experimental Station from
28 September to 16 November 1350 on plantings of hybrid 140 and Minnesota corr
with stalk heights of 130-150 centimeters. Corn yield was 26 and 46 centners
per hectare with an average density of 16,300 plants per hectare. Moisture con-
tent of the stalks was 63 percent; of the grain, 18 percent. During the test-
ing perj_od, heavy rains fell, coupled with strong winds, and as a result, 90 per-
cent of the corn was broken and knocked to the ground. in spite of these unfa-
vorable conditions, the combine harvested 11 hectares of c.Drn with between-row
intervals of 90 centimeters, and 21 hectares of corn witb between-row intervals
of 70 centimeters. Productivity of the machine reached 0.70-0.72 hectares per
hotuz. The following results were obtained in testing the combine. shelling, of
grain from ears, average of 5.3 percent; nonreturnable loss of grain, 3.6 per-
cent; returnable loss, 2.2 percent; degree to which cover leaves were stripped
from ears -- completely stripped, 43 percent, and partially stripped, 17 percent.
On the baeis of these results, production of a series of combines has been re-
commended in order to test their economic efficiency.
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CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
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