PRINCIPAL FOOD PRODUCTS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTH CHINA REGIONAL DISTRICT

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CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2
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C
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17
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December 22, 2016
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September 20, 2011
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529
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Publication Date: 
October 8, 1951
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REPORT
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 '1 CLASSIFICATION CoI~FrDEi`?IAL VV~hI~~~~ ~ ~' CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT INFORMATION FROM FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD P+O. COUNTRY Chi.ua SUBJECT Economic - Agriculture HOW PUBLISHED Dail;, newspaper WHERE Hankow PUBLISHED DATE , Tar 1951 PUBLISHED 3 ~?~ LANGUAGE THIS DOCV Y[NT CONTAINS INIO[Y ATION AIIFGTIYG TN[ NATIONAL O[LLNS[ 0! TM[ UNIi[D STATES WITNIN TN[ Y[A NIND Di [S IIO NAG[ ACl 30 y. S C.. S I AND 12~AS AYCND[D. ITS TRANl YISSIDN ON TN[ N[VELATION NISIT[DE ST TLAWS I L[IROOUCTION Oi TNIS LOLY p1511IPOM BRITE p, IS 1L0~ DATE OF INFORMATION 1951 DATE DIST. ~ Oct 1951 N0. OF PAGES 17 SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT NO. THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION PRINCIPAL FOOD PRODUCTS OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTH CHINA REGIONAL DISTRICT Chinese Editor's Plote (Since the spring hoeing season is approaching, we are publishing this article by Yen Yu-liang. The article should enable our readers to under- stand the food crop production of this region, and our peasant friends to understand the crop seasons and cultivating methods necessary for increasing our food production. Not all data here are exact. Any corrections or ob- servations are welcome.) The total area under cTiitivation in the~Cualsal 6nacre7th Thenfoodgproal District is about -~03 million mou ~ne mou 4 duction acreage in 1950 amounted to 391 million mou, and cotton acreage amounted to 12 million mou. Thus, the ratio of food production acreage to cotton acreage is 32.5 to 1 ~ic7. The total food~Pmillion catties0 aThented to 65.'7 billion catties, and cotton amountedNto 13Q rir.e; Wheat, soybeans, major agri^ultural food products of tiLis reg~..n ar_ and i,otatces? The production areas cover a wide range of climatic zones; HL,.ian Province in the Yellow River Valley, Hunan, Hupeh,.and Kiangsi prov- inces, and the Wuhan cities in the Yangtze River Valley, and Kwangsi and Kwangtung provinces and Canton in the Pearl River Valley. ,Therefore, crop seasons, methods of cultivation, acreages, and yields of the principal crops vary greatly from province to province. To provide reference datagfor wields who are concerned with agricultural production a summary of acreaaehical ~ growing and harvesting seasons, methods of cultivation, and geogr p distribution of each of the five major food products are summarized belcw. ARMY ,X, AIR ~ Ix~ FBI I CLASSIFICATION STATE ~ X NAVY - NSRB CONFIDENTIAL` DISTRIBUTION ~~ C04~FI~E~3~~~1 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 CONFI~~~~~~~ 'cr;FID::;V"i~;. Early ~~rop Planting: Feriod of clear and bright Transplanting: Aefore summer begins Harvest: Period of the great heat CO~Fi~~~~~ z~:. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 ? PADJ'f ?.TrL .,~,. _.. ,h^ .,~ q, ~.,i ^ou!,h ^h:n;. R~.7ion?.1 T~,:. tot. .rice a,? ~?-.~B,_ ~ .: l: ,, .... ?.. _ ~, rent v *.} toted food prod.i~ t 1'reag~. Di~tr ' ~' ,n~ l' nn mou - per ~ ~ .t wa=? - ~ ? h' percent of tre. ?:ot.a' The rice y'_el~ was 4'+.? b~ii.^(,n cnittributientr?f acreage ar,.i yield Ly pro''- fcod producti!',n :.n t:'.~ ="ed- ince and city Provin~.e or '_'= ~:_' `''~l,w?~ Acreage ~lni,-;,j~ m.o'~~1 Rice (in rnillion r.atties} _ ~.~ ~ finnan ~0c ~ i ' ~ Hunan ~ ~~. , 3.i~~ Ki angsi ~ ;:, n ~.. :00 ? , ~ C --,. iC,-angtung , 27 ';0^ r ~ 1^,,, Kwangs i , 6, ! r6 Wui:an ~~~, 62 Canton a - r ,:,f thi? revinn, and F?una^ .s tee most Ri_e := the .ardFs} ~?,.,4 ., + prn:?llCtion area. 'SF y'. ".~~ riunan in order of icrportanc?e in rice importan" 'wan =i, and aonar. provinces, and ...,._. growing are ? Fwans%?.!:ng ~ t~, anti - i , l:upeli, R- .. ,, .,:... the area aro,:nr __, Hupeh Plantiag: ?ef",r~= ..._ ,--r,,oz :~f ii''aLn rains Harvest: After the perto3 of limit of Peat Planting: Period of ~-1e~~? and bright Transplanting: per:od when summer begins Harvest; Period when autumn begins Early ~~"oP Flant;ng: Period of clear and brigh*- Transplanting: Period when summer begin; Harvest? Perini cf grew. heat Regular Crop Plantings Period of clear and brigi;t Trap=p.Lanting; Period when grain f..1:._ Harvests Period of limit of heat Late Crop Planting? Period of grain rains Transplanting: Feriod of great heat Harvest: Autumnal eq~rirox Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 1 GUI~t~-~tt~ c ~~~ Regular l:rop 'riaiiting: Period of grain rains Transplanting: Period when grain fills Harvest: From the period of limit of heat to the period of white Late Crop ain rains Planting: Period of gI' eat heat Transplanting: Period of gr Harvest: Period of cold dew Early Crop Planting: Before the period of clear and bright Transplanting: Period when summer begins Harvest: Before the perio3 of great hest Late Crop Planting: Period of the slight heat eat heat Transplanting: Before the period of gr Harvest: Period of cold dew Early Crop Planting: Vernal equinox Transplanting: After the period of clear and bright Harvest: Between the periods of slight heat and great heat Regular Crop Planting: Period of clear and bright Transplanting: ReforeeTU~eofbpeaksof heat Harvest: Before the p Late Crop Planting: When summer begins Transplanting: Period of great heat Harvest: After frost descends Wuhan: Identical with Hupeh Early Crop Planting: yariod when insects are excited Transplanting: Period of clear and brigi:t Harvest: Between periods of sl.i.ght heat and great ,heat Late Crop Planting: Period of slight heat Transplanting: Period of great heat snow Harvest: Period of little snow or of heavy The methods of cultivation, amount of seed per acre,, yield, and rice crop distribution differ from one area to the other, as follows: Ronan . Planting;.watering without plowing; and fertilizing before sowing? Six catties of seed per mou yield about 15o catties of grain per mou. Pro- duction is centered mostly in HuanB-ch'uan and Hsin-yanB? Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 _?~ ._.. alfonth nce be t o Planting; watering; fertilizing o afiertran~plan s ing Six after transplanting; one weeding each 15 day catties of seed per mou yield 312 catties of grain per mou. Crop areas are scattered throughout this province. Planting; watering; nl.~wing to clear wr~u~ ~ - ----- harvest; fertilizing with animal manure and vegetable fertilizers, rape-seed cakes (50 catties), flaxseed cakes (30 catties), and lime (60-100 catties). Five catties of seed per mou yield 36E3 catties of grain. Early rice crops are limited to small acreage- Regular crops are more popular in places vhere there is only one rice crop season. Rotation methods of rice growing prevail in Li-ling and Liu-yang. Nonro:.ation methods prevail in the lake areas. Eiangsi Planting (no transplanting is necessary in a few areas); watering; plowing one to four times; fertilizing with anima~fud h e~n~atties of ashes from woods and grasses, lime,rgYPsp r mou. Crop areas cover tt;e seed per mou yield 245 catties of g entire province. Kwangtung Planting? watering; and two plowin:~~ Six catties of seed per mou yield 174 catties of grain per mou. Rice production prevails throughout the entire province. Kwangsi Planting; ~~atering (except, dry-rice crop); transplanting; plowing; fertilizing. Eight catties of seed per mwhereetheluplandtriceocropapre- per mou, except in Liu-chou and Pai-soh, rovince. dominates, paddy rice is found over the entire p 'rluha n The methods of rice growing in the Wuhan area are the same as in Hupeh. with S lowing twice; iertiii~ing lanting; p Planting; watering; transp piculs of humaa 5acattiesrofoseed pertmoatforsthe late cropmeach yield early crop, 500 catties of grain per mou. II. WHEAT In 1950, the Central and South China Regional District had a wheat acreage of 63 million mou. This constituted 16 percent of the rovainceood production acreage in that region. The acreage and output by p are as follows: Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 CO,T~'I~ENT1f,L .acreage Wheat Province or C1Ly (in 1,('q0 mou) (in mil ii 5, o ~0 lion cattier) 3, 60U Ronan 12,000 900 Hupeh 1,000 70 Kiangsi 3,000 3 Hunan 1,000 80 Kwangtung 600 40 Kwangsi 3U 6 Wuhan The wheat acreage in Canton is less thar~100 mo~x, with small output. Wheat is the third leading food crop in the Central and South China Regional District, with Ronan as the mofr 1HPnananKwangtung,oKiangsi, Kwangsl,HWuhan, in ?~rder of importance are Hup.:., and Canton. The wheat-growing season varies frcm province to province. yUilrl~tsu to,.~. Planting: From autumnal equinox to the period of the first hoarfrost Harvest: Period when grain fills in the following year Kiangsi Planting: From the period of the first hoarfrost to the beginning of winter Harvest: From the period when grain fills to the period of grain in ear of the following year Harvest: Period. when grain fill.:- of thefol].owing year. ICwangtung Planting: From the period of little snow to the period of heavy snow Harvest: Between the period of clear and bright and the time of the grain rains. Kwangs i ? Planting: From the beginning of winter to the first little snow Harvest: From period of clear and bright to the period of grain rains COaF1~E~~~~~ Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 ., Fly iwit;r -~ '':e^ner o~ -,~~ v . ?'" r , r 1. l' !.1C p1an1-;,, ~^ P~ d :~f gran r ~ n ~ na ~ -,p~ v,.t uC. ,~f wh_t_ t,,,a. Tn ii nzmnal equin7.x?egIns~ and harvested between the F- ?,a;on i~ almost the same as in Kwangsi, and Kwang?ung and Canton, the growing gnat c~f Wuhan is the same as F'_upeh Methods'of corn growing, and ratics of seed to yield also vary from pro??t~nce to province. In Honan, the seed is planted directly into hills and for?ilized once or twice. Four catties of seed per mou yield 96 taffies of corn Production is r.oncentrated in the Lo-yang and Shan Hsien areas. Production is fairly large in Nan-yang, Hsu-clr'ang, and Chong Hsien areas. In fiupeh,~t]te sail is fert.ili_ed }~efore nlant,ing, again when the seedlings are j to 6 inches high, and again after half e month. Except for the Huang- kang and Hsiang-Yang areas, production is plentiful. In Hunan, weeding i.s necessary, and E catties oi' seed per mou will yield ilk catties of corn. Corn >.s grown sturdantly in *.hr: western part of the nrovi.nce. In Kwangsi, corn must be weeded twc to four times and'vercatties ofth liuman or animal ~nielda123acattiesocf~orn s Cornwisagrown in all areas seed per mou will y i,;?~wan ~i ~ catties of seed per mou of the province except Chin-~=Mang. g , will. yield 100 catties cf corn. Two cror,s are grown each year. 13, Kaoliang Hona^ leads the pro'~inces in the Central and South China Regipnal Dis- trict in kaoliang production, w~_th an acreage of 10 million mou and a yield of 1,270,000,00:; catties, Hunan ie next, with an acreage of 2~'~0,000 mou and an output of ?7 million catties: Kwangsi is third, with an acreage of X00,000 mou and an output: of i?5 5i'11Kwancaung,JWul:an,oand Cantonlara-egnot acreage and yield in Huneh, K_ang -, gt available. In Honan, kaoliang is r_luntcd in the nericd of grain rains, and har- vested when autumn begins. In iiunan, i.t i; sown between the period wnenuinox? grain fills and when summer begins,' and harvested d~u'ing the autuumnal eq In Kwangsi, seeds are sown in the period of clear and bright, andandrWuhand during the autumnal equinox. Kaoliang seandnCarlton,ptheyKaregthe same as in are the same as in Hunan; in Kwangtung Kwangsi, In Honan, kaoliang seeds are sown PA drills ar' weeded thP~oduction Three catties of seed per mou yield 119 catties of kaoliang. is gcod in the Shang-ch'iu, Chen-liu, and Huai-yang areas, but only fair in the Hain-yang and Hs3u..ch'ang areas. In Hunan, seeds are sown in hills. in~alltareas~f'outeo nyronoa small scalett1ln Kwangsi,aseedsKarelal~oisown in trills. Four catties of seed per mou yield 75 catties of grain. Production is excellent in the Tso-kung and Yu-Chiang areas. ?r -,m rovui~.: r? ~ ~ c ~ .., r n ficnan, :.orn p - ~ ] ? ~,.. ~,? white dew. tar ,. v r~ . '.o the ne ~1 when ~n~=e ,, p ~ ~ heat to ~,." ; s from the P i. .] ~ d l.e sown from *hc lr ?_od cf 3ra,.n rains , n~; of s;ur,,;or to vr~ u h Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 ._ ~ ----- ? , .;{~ .~ul ':c~at'n Chine Regional Di-?trict, in the In l~)5'>, Honan, lr-d t;`i_ ;,=r:~ prod~r r.;on of millet. It has as :,creag:- ~,f 1'7 ma].ron rn~u and a yield of i,^P:;,)C~C,000 catties. Iiunar, i_. second, with an acreage cf 2i~G,']00 mou and a yield of 20 million catties. Klangr,i rs *.hird, with an acreage of 200,000 :nou and a yield of 22 million ~.atties? Kwsngsi com=s fcu~''millLOnllat.tles ductien, with an acreage of 220,~,nC mou and ~_ yiel;i of ;?~ Records of acreage and produr.i,icn in Hupeh, ?'era."C' ?~'?'_:''an, and ^ant.on are not available. In Honan, cnil.'_et. is soLln dun ing t?:e grain rain:, and harvested between t'ne c rme when summer begins ;:r,d the period of white dew. In ifupeh, s+nes are sowci from the beginning o` spring ?.c the periol vt Br`^'i_T~1,f'Swhite dew- The _~_ harve;t.ed from '`~e her_c.d ~~t s_,gi:t.. leaf. r.c m:.__: t 's ;nd ,?~f r;r;:gin rains and reaped wizen earl, crop in Kiac:gsi i' sc.~wc: during t},e FeL ti~gir:s and harvested when autumn begins; the late crop is planted when duty ~,*?i ,d -.,?ion ! nser_ts a:?e frost descends: ,n Kwangsi~mriiet is sewn from ne Pe}=_ar,:ng of summer tc ey.. ited to t}ie vernal equin,x, and harvested from t.l~.e Cho period cf slight heat. 'ft,e gr~a,negasein liup~tic`iun~cc~ cs the same as in Kiangsi, and that in Wut.aa is the Methods of cultivation and ratios of ::eed to yield differ among t?:e p.r~ainces. In Honan, seeds are Town in drills directi.y in ti:e dry soil, and weeds are cleared three times Fertilizer ca :_; :.1 a` p~3tingl mou is may be applied again occasionally. The ratio ~. seed t? yt'ne first ferti- 2 to X05. In Iiupeh, seeds are broadcryint;nnearc and theisecond between the lizer i.s applied in the period of S ; periods of grain rains and the beginning of s,umner. the rar,rc of seed t yield, per mou, is 2 to lla. Production areas are Ching-ci:ou, Idien-Yang, Ilsiang-yang, Yun-Yang, etc. In .;unan, seeds are either broadcast. or sown in i'urrows. In Kiangsi, weeds are cleared two tc !'ive times. The frasses? L zer consists of hwnan and animal manuro andl~shesrhPO~_lleascrop gn Kiangsi The ratio of seed to yield, per ;nou, is tc 7' tt:e seed-ratio of seed to concentrated in the nei?:herr: p'.*'" ? In Kwangsi, yield, per mou, is 1 to "rG :He cr_p is grown in all areas of the province. D 3road beans Hunan. leads the nrov~nces c.? the Central and South China Regional Dis- trick in broao t:~:?a.n ~rodu~:tton, with an acreage of 56;i,'.~o0 mou and a yield of 5i million cati.ies Kiangsi is second, with an acreage of 400,000 mou and ar. output of I`~eldlofo9 million cattiessl Wuhanri~~fourthanwatheageacreage 6G, 000 moo and a y' r,f i00 moo and a yield of 260,000 catties- In Hupeh, broad beans are planted in the period of cold dew and har- vested when grain fills- In Hunan, broad beans are sown at the same time as in Hupeh, but harvested when scunmer begins. In Kiangsi, seeds are sown when frost descends and Harvest is when summer begins. In Kwangsi, seeds are sown between the periods wren frost descends and when winter begins, and the crop is harvested between t'.ie vernal equinox and the period of clear and bright. In Canton, t}ce seeds are sown in the period of little snow, and the crop is harvested when spring begins- The broad bean growing season in Kwangtung is almost the same as in Canton and Kwangsi, and in Wuhan it is almost the same as in Hupeh. In Hupeh, broad beans are planted in dry soil and fertilizer consisting of ashes from woods and grasses is applied Weeds are cleared twice between fire period when insects are excited and the period of c]ear and bright. Pro- duction areas are Hsiao-kan, En-shin, Chin-chow, Ta-yeh, Mien-ysug, I-chc:ng, and CQ~fI~~'~~~~,t~. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 .,^ ...,,,.; ,, ~~ -F~?P. c~::r rnot. ,yr=s of green peas per mo,.t. Breen peas are grown F,hrougho~tt the province In ^rrrtor., on? catty of seed produces 15~t rat ties of peas per mou. aTde.chanaareonotJavail- mcthods and crop disi:ribution for iionan, Kwangtung, able. G. Buckwheat. In 1~5'`, K:ianr,si led i;:;e i-,rovince' i. r. b.:.::1:?!ea`, pr::duc':i~p^tmoiitan3Jntral t t:as an acrr-ale of 36~,. and South Citing Re;;ional Dis'.r: t I ner.~ w;.ti: ar. ,c~eage cf ?OO,OW i -~f 2? million cat'.ies K~'-}r;,si ? : -, yir l `- _ +Iur:.~^ L:= t ht rd, ar:d has an acreage rf geld cf l "'~''~'t -~_~' mop: and a t - - : an acreage oY 2,~"'"- '',~JO mou and a yie]d :~f _ nr,'..__'nycattiec du.:an itl -, .~,,. ~ ie1d: `!gin"'-, ,,, ~ ~ ?:.0 '' - -:at~,,~,~ T'ne acre;r~e ana ~. ~~p Y me 1 a:td a yi_'~d f , Iiup=h, Kwang`?..~ing, and Canton are not, availacle, In Hunan, buckwhea~, is s:,wn between the period wi,er; autun!n begins :nd t,i:e period of white dew, and. Itar%ested from the periodJo~~=w+l,~rel~utumn~Uegi.ns period when frost descends In Kiangsi, buckwheat h. ,?ron is sown in the and harvested when Eros':. do?"end~ The early buc::'a?.1'a'. period when insects are exr-t'.cd, a;tdtiierlateeer~;PF~-c~csVwnewn?r winterebegins su;mner begins and when gra:.n fill=; ,,,o seasons to other nrcvinces and itarvest,ed in the period of rain water .- p are not available In Iiunan, buckwheat is planted i^ }:ills i.n dry soil. From t+ to 5 catties of seed yield 60 catties o. bu::kwhert per mou. Bucl?:wiieat is grown throughout the entire province, In KiE:n,Si-, bur;:wheat is planted af',er the harvest of ".e upland rice crop. Fro:n t,o 5 _atties of seed yield 62 catt.tes of grain v P 1 catties :-f grain per no ~, moo. In Kwan~si, o ca'.'.ies o_ ee?zd yi_ld 7'~ G~"' ~ ~,t 'ham province The v~e=d n~~= mou in Wuhan is I,uc kwir,at , , ~rotnt t.trcug.: o'~ cat?ti.es. Production re. crds in Henan, Hupeh, Kwaag+, lr,c;, 3rd Canton are re': a?tailabie iI Berley In 1950, ifonan led the urovinces in barley pr~_duc ~'ro" `, `li millicntmou and South China Iiegional District, It has an acr=?age f r a?e of 3,t~n~ r 67.. million catties. r7uhan :"~ art a'=-- an3 sn annual yield o. i ? mo,: and a yi.eid of ~%5'','?~~~ catties. Barley yields in Hure:t, :i?~ran, Kiangsi, jtwa-r.~`.t:ng, Kwan;~:' , and. Canton are not Y.nnwn. Ia Honan, bar].cy eeed are ;own bFl.ween fire period cf a:.rt,urr.nal equtnux and the period of cold dew, and harvested in th^ period whey. grain fills. In Hupeh, barley 'is plant=d when wint_r begins, and harvested when grain fit?s~ .The crop se:~sor. in eti,er provinces of the Cer,i;ral and booth ~t.itia H~gicnal District. is ~znknown. dry Soil in drills. 1n P.onar., barley aced are planted. directly in the Eight. catties of seed yield Bp catties per moo, Prod,tctio=, prevails th:?ough- out '.ionsn Provinre. In Iiupeh, s_ed is broadcast in the dry sci.l. Weeds are :;feared twice, and fertilizati.en ie ne_~=s..ry? Growing methods in :~t.her provinces are not. available? COiiFIDENTIAI. G~~F~~E~~~~~~. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 "1 CONFI~E~~~~~1 ;i;IJ'r ~~L~lT1r;L GONEIDEI~~I~~ ? 1.'-.15'. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/09/21 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700010529-2 ,,~ .+.e;nb.~_ ,~ ii .:':'l C.