TASKS OF POLISH VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700030142-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 142
• Publication Date: December 1, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
CLASSIFICATION'S
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGEI Y- REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIdN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD ~:0.
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1
9
50
Scientific - Veterin medicine
ary , pa:?asitoiogy
Monthly periodical
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One of the tasks of the veterinary subsection of the Polish E:ientific
Congress is to outline protects related to parasitology in the fields of
physiology, blocLemistry,.rhemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. The
shortage of biochemical personnel precludes their employment for veterinary
problems. govever, parasitology will undoubtedly call oa the aid of zoology.
For the control of liver staggers (motylica watroby) among sheep, more
accurate data are required on the Puke. Too little ie kaoxn of its distri-
bution in Poland. The same applies to the eaaiie (Limnaea truakatule) in
which fluke larvae develop. These trematoda do not play a maJor role is
Poland now, but will certainly take oa greater s?g^ificeace with the develop-
ment of sheep breeding, Likewise, nothing is knawu of the Oribatiae which
are intermediate hots in the development of Anoplocephalidae and other
tapeworms.
Pro,]ects must be assigned to the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
The performance of this work on a larger e~ale will onl.}. be possible when the
pharmaceutical industry produces on a signlP.lcant scale such basic drugs ae
certain chlorinated hydrocarbons, pure bisulphide of carbon, phenothiazine,
and sulianilamides. However, production must not be limited to the manufac-
ture of drugs developed abroad; Poland must also conduct research in this
line.
Twenty-five years ago in Poland few people realized the significance of
parasites. Oae of these vas Colonel Zagrodzki, former head oP the Veterinary
Faculty oP the Panstvowy Instytut Naukowy Gospodarstwa WieJskiego (State
Scientific Institu?e for Rural Husbandry) in Pulawy. In 1996, he created at
the institute a Parasitology Division, headed by Dr Kurt Obitz. During his
3-year incumbency, Doctor Obitz made valuable contributions to the war on
parasites. Profesao.-Doctor A. Trawinski is also one of those uho realized
the importance of parasitology. The accomplishments of Trawinaki is the field
of parasitological antigens is universally known. With the exception oP this
group, there vas total indifference to the problem of parasitology in veterinary
medicine.
~~ o1~1~t?
STAT
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The place of parasitolo :uedlcine i
mproved after World
War II. Work was begun at tho zoological and parasitological i?eeearch center
at Wroolaw on parasites which attack sheep and on the effects of antigens on
certain Paraeitee. In addition, Jnniezewekf'e work oa parasitic fauna of
fresh-water fish represented great advancement.
There Se every reneon to believe that the ?ork of the Zoological and
Parasitological Department established ~t M. ".aria - 9klodowekn IIniversityT]
is Lnblin after the var will take the proper course. P:ofeeeor Z. Raabe, e
student of the distinguished parasitologist Janicki, has headed this depart-
ment for the past 2 years. Research work has been begun on the parasitic fauna
of Lublin from an ecological standpoint.
Growing proof of the recognition of the importance of parasitology Se the
chapter on the parasites of young animals in the well-known manual by Professor
Parnne, 9chorzenia mlodych ewlerzat (DSeeaeee of Young Animals).
After World War I, two parasitological departments were established at
veterinary schools, one at the Alssdem,~a Medecyny Weterynary~na (Academy of
Pet.,rlnary Medicine) in Lwow, and the other a little later, in 1925, is
Warsaw. The former was staffed with professors who were interested only in
zoology; therefore, this department did not have much influence on the dQq,,-alop-
ment of parasitology In Poland, An exception to this is the work of Profeeaor
G. Poluezyneki on the classification of the larvae of the Stromgylue parasites
Sa horses.
The zoological aspect xae also the main interest of Prof-Dr Witold `~
Stefaneki when he took over the Zoological and Parseltological Department nt
Warsaw ~[Tnlvereity7], Doctor L. E~emont, a student of Janicki, was Lsboratory
assistant when the department was created. He was a helminthologiet known
for hie work oa trematoda. This work however, ie a zoological study e~_-
clusively e~ has no application in veterinary medicine.
The first planned studies in applied parasitology xere begun in 193k,
when, at the suggestion of the Peterinax?y Department of the Ministry of Agri-
culture and Lead Reform, Profeeecr Stefaneki and Doctor Obitz begun work on
the cattle gadfly in Poland. The two worked out data on the, incidence and
distribution of this pest in Poland, the distribution of the small bovine
gadfly, and the means of controlling this peat. This broad ~o1nt project was
undertaken in cooperation with all the poviat veterlnarlane.
During the ''war, great losses were caused by the parasitic itch (ewlerzb).
Dissection of carcaesde and field tripe throughout the country testified to the
importance of parasites in sheep dieeaeee. Cattle often suffered from urinary
bleeding from piroplaemoeie (piroplazmoza), and the conditions of horses showed
the importance of paraeilee in etl~logy, Severe nervous symptoms in pigs were
quickly relieved after decontamination. Tho presence of chorloptee equi
(ewlerzbowiec pecinowy) was frequently diagnosed incorrectly by physicians,
One need only to keep in contact wl:h the ~ountryelde to realize the Importance
of parasites to livestock dieeaeee. At the moment there is an outbreak of
Thelazia rhodeei In the vicinity of Pulawy, and nearly ell the cattle in two
vilLsgee are infected with this nematode, which ceases blindness. This para-
site can no longer be coaeldered uncommon ae heretofore, since clinical ob-
servatione in the peat years indicate that it ie very common.
If the veterinary subsection of the Scientific Congress recognizes the im-
portant role of veterinary parasitology, St must come to the conclusion that
parasitology moat bo separated from zoology and moat be considered se a separate
department of parasitology and contagious dieeaeee. Parasitology should be
grouped either with epizootiology, since the range of infections frost parasites
Se almost the s"..a ea those caused by bacteria and virus, or with the clinical
departments, since contagious dieeaeee are classed ae internal dieeaeee. In
defense of this latter view the example of the USSR may be cited, where para-
sitology Se grouped with the clinical department.
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Parusitologiete graduated by the higher schools x111 find work in the
Faculty of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases of the PIW (Panatwoxy Inetytut
Waterynary~ny, State Veterinary Ioatttute), in the Research Center of Para-
sitology and Invasive Maeseee, and in the four (for the present) No~evodztwo
Research Centers of Veterinary Hygiene. Considering the great amount of re-
search work at the parasitological section of the PIW, the staff 1a too small.
The number of workers ie entirely inadequate if these workers are to be Riven
the task of directing parasite control in their areas.. The field paraeitulogiet
should be thoroughly trained at a well-staffed central office. 91nce the fob
of the Faculty of Parasitology of the PIW is to work on problems connected
xith invasive diseases, it is the Job of the+ veterinary subsection to clearly
define these pro~ecte.
The ultimate task of the Scientific Congress le to define the problems
exalting volution on the basis of the potentialities of a given branch of
science. There are three parasitology research centers at universities and one
at the PIW. The university remora have very little adequate supply of ir.-
diepeneable apparatus. 'f he libraries are er;evilly endowed, and research is
hampered, especially on the claes!fication of fauna.
On the other hand, the PIW has more apace, but its technical equipment
ie rather poor. Its literature on parasite logy ie limited. The staff of ra-
eearch assistants is entirely lnadeouate. 'The PIIr center has the advantage
of continuous contact xith the field. The mayor shortcoming of the university
centers ie the lack of close contact with the clinics. On the whole, the
cliniciann resent the intrusion of Lho parnaitologiets into their clinics. They
try to solve parasitological problems single handedly; lacking complete know-
ledge of the field, they contribute *.o the colt of random cayeality.
The veterinary subsection of the Scientific Congress should msp a research
program with allowance for personnel and technical capacities of the parasitolo-
gical group. The Second Congress of the Polakie Tcwarzyetvo Paraaytologiczne
(Polish Parasitological So^.iety) adopt e3 the following resolution:
1. "An effort must bs made to study native parasitic fauna, its distri-
bution an3 incidence, and the, airtire ecolog`ce.l complex."
Very little to known of the parasitic fauna of Polnrv!. Not mentioning
the vast body of information on the halminthological fauna of the USSR, Polish
ecieritielte knox more about the helm;nthological fauna of Africa than about the
fauna of Poland. Foreign textbooks ~:~ not even mention Polan3 in their geo-
graphic sections. The argument that Polanu need not ezoend any energy on re-
search on her ova parasitic fauna since ao much !e known about the fauna of
neighboring countries, is not real?silo. The paraeitologiet, who often camas
into content with the phenomena wherein a aertaln parasite is common in one
part of the country while it is entirely lacking in another, knewe that these
arguments are falL3cioua. For inr*.ance, the psreaite Syngamua trachea, which
attacks the xindpipe of nhicke~.?, ie common in Sleek but rare Sn the central.
eectlone of the country. The parasitic: fauna. of doge around 17areaw is somexhat
different than thy. found around Fulawy. The small bovine gadfly appears onlS
in a feu powiata, _. Tha parasite wh!rh attacks the eyes of cons was formerly
thought to be an uncom'~~n parasite, but today it appesre to be common in cer-
tain areas of the country. Therefore, a systematic search of the country vii).
assuredly turn up parasites which heretofore had been unknown.
All three departments ere to carry on the above xork xith the coopera-
tion of the Faculty of Parseitology of the PIW. This has been previously
decreed at the meeting of the parasitological grrr.~p,
2. "A knowledge of parasitic fauna together with the entire ecological
complex will afford a batter basis for understanding the dynamite of imnaive
diseases. Special emphasis should be placed on parasitic fauns of domestic
animals and game, and on paste. Thy>.ir regional distribution should be con-
sidered."
STAT
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Both points of the resolution recommend research in the parasitic
fauna of the oountry, however, Point 2 emphasl2es the eignifioance of para-
eitee of domestic animals. Zak]ad Zoologii i Parazytologii (Research Center
of Zoology and Parasitology) in Warsaw is already working on part of this
program. Pn;.~ther research Se in progrede. &.ovledge of the regional dietri-
bution of pnraeltee meet be obtained and all the parasitological laboratories
should take part in this research, especially thcee of the Wn~ewodztwo Re-
eearch Centers of veterinary $ygiena which have a parasitology etarf.
3. "Research on the development of parasites ehauld continue parallel to
fauna research. It ;,hould be modeled after the research begun by the JanicM
school. Such research yields methods of prevention along with the theoretical
problems."
Although the development of the oycle of moat of the parasites with
practical significance Se known, very often the appearance of the intermediate
host in the development cycle of a given parasite depends on the latitude or
other local co~itione. Therefore, research le necer.~ary on dev~.lopment of
parneitee in Poland. This undertaking should be entrusted to the university
centers.
4. "A realization of the Siz-Year Plan for livestock production requires
the application of methods used by Soviet parasitology in the control of in-
vasive diseases."
The PIW should be entrusted with the main role in the realization of
Point 4. Because of lack of adequate personnel, main emphasis at this time
should be di: cted at parasites which era the most injurious to cattle. The
PIW, Sn cooperation with tl:^ Research Center of Zoology and Parasitology of the
University of W8rO6W, ehoui;:.ruaka every effort to achieve the Point 4 of the
resolution of the Second Congress of the Polish Parasitological Society by
submitting eub~ecte to the Scientific Congress xhich call for research into
methods of preventing and combating the most menacing parasites of livestock.
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