USSR PLANTS INCREASE OUTPUT OF MACHINES FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700050385-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 22, 2011
• Sequence Number: 385
• Publication Date: March 29, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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LANGUAGE
CLASSIFICATION RESTRICTED
SECURIT'i CENTRAL INTELLIGENINFOCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
Economic - Technological, agricultural
mach. c building industry
Monthly periodical
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Dec 1951
PUBLISHED
WHERE
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
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Se1'khozmashina, No 12, 1951.
CD NO.
DATE OF
DATE DIET. _9 Mar 1952
NO. OF PAGES 7
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
USSR PI1. PS INCREASE OUTPUT OF MACHIIW FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
This report consists of an editorial and an article from the pe-
r~odical o shins discussing achievements ii` the mechanization
}*pf Soviet animal husbandry in connection with the 3-year plan (1949 -
1951 for developing commUhal, kolkhoz, and sovkhoz anamel husbandry.
ACH71'VE40TS AND GOALS IN THE MECHANIZATION OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
The decree of the TeK VKP(b) and the Council of Ministers USSR of 18 April
1949, "On the Three-Year Plan for Developing Communal Kolkhoz end Sovkhoz
Productive Animal Husbandry," represents a milestone in the restoration and
development of agriculture.
The decree of the TsK VKP(b) of 21 April 1949 set forth specific measures
for raising the level of mechanization of labor-consuming tasks on animal hus-
bandry farms and kolkhozes.
The design bureaus of the Lyubertsy Agricultural Machine Building Plant
imeni Ukhtomskiy, the Gomsel'mash Plant, the Uraleelbash Plant, the Sibsel'-
mash Plant, and VISI9rOM (All-Union Institute of Agricultural Machine Building)
have,.in 2 years, developed and prepared for series production such new machines
as silage combines, mobile fodder steaming machines, a rotary tiller for revital-
izing meadows and pastures, a well-digging machine, a horse gear in an oil bath
for farm water supply, a towerless water supply apparatus, ground and overhead
conveyers for intrafarm conveyance, and many others. In 1951, the Design Bureau
of the Lyubertsy Agricultural Machine Building Plant imeni Ukhtomekiy developed
designs for crane and elevator hay stackers, a three-bar suspension mover to be
used with the U-2 tractor, a suspension side and front mover for the KhTZ-7
tractor, and a hay stacker and sweep rake for the KhTZ-7 tractor; the Design
Bureau of the Gomsel'mash Plant developed designs for and built models of manure
loaders and manure spreaders for the KD-35, U-2, and KhTZ-7 tractors, ensilage-
compressing and ensilage-unloading machines, fodder-processing machines for hog
farms, mobile milking machines, and others; VISKhOM developed a design for a
roller press-pickup.
STATE NAW
ARMY pip
STAT
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In 1952, the designing of these machines should be completed on the basis
profod tuctiestson,
made with models in 1951, and the machines should be prepared for
In spite of the considerable volume of work done in 1949 by plant design
bureaus and the design bureau of VISKhOM, the tempo of work in designing,
developing, and organizing the production of these machines is plainly inade-
quate and lags behind the demands and rate of development of animal husbandry,
The work of the desi Machine Building Plant imeniuUkhtomsklyO in and
of the 1#ubertsy
on of hiAighlyloproduc-
tive motor hay stackers has been dragging along intolerably, and mooddeeleYtractor, crane, and elevator hay stackers built by these organizacions are
inefficient and not sufficiently productive. Construction of models of refrig-
erating .nits, manor, loaders manure spreaders, ensilage compressors and lagg.
ens engunladers, mobile pump outfits for winter pastures, and other machines
There are also delays in organizing the series production of new machines.
At the Uralsel'mash Plant, technological processes in the production of parts
and the assembly of press-pickups have not been organized efficiently, and, as
a result, some of these machines do not fully meet operating requirements.
Control testing of roller mowers made by the Roetsel'mash Plant revealed serious
defects in their design.
S'ientific workers of VISKhOM, and designers and technologists of plant
design bureaus are faced with the enormous task of building and organizing the
production of highly productive and fully reliable machines for mechanizing all
types of work in animal husbandry.
In the next few years, for the complex mechanization ooflwork invtheocommunal l animal husbaoductive
husbandry machines
idatedkolkhozes inl animal husbandry sovkhozes must be designed. Wide-swath
mowers and side rakes, press-pickups, bale loaders, and hay stackers for opera-
tion with powerful caterpillar tractors mus. l: built. A number of new machines
and attachments must he built for ancillary tasks, e.g., mechanized grindstones
for sharpening the blades ?f wide-swat? mowers, machines fox processing albumin-
vitamin fodder for young cattle, machines foi washing and cleaning animals, and
other machines.
Special attention should be devoted to building wind-driven generators and
equipment for supplying water to isolated pastures and animal husbandry farms.
PRODUCTION OF MACHINES FOR MEZHANIZING ANIMAL, HUSBANDRY WORK) 1949 - 1951
Engr A. V. Chumayevskiy
Engr A. M. Kadashevich
In the decree of 18 April 1949, the Council of Ministers USSR and the TaK
VKP(b) set forth a 3-year plan for developing communal, kolkhoz, and sovkhoz
animal husbandry.
The plan ascribed a major role to mechanizing the cultivation and process-
ing of fodder, and also to the mechanization of work on kolkhoz and sovkhoz
livestock farms.
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STAT
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Of M
inisters USSR and the TsK VKP(b) noted that the output of
industrial a uil
industri q pment and machines for mechanizing labor-consuming tasks in animal
and ao husbandry and fodder proc_rement was badly lagging behind the needs of kolkhoz
vkhoz animal husbandry.
Subsequent decrees of the Council of Ministers in April 1049 established a
complex of equipment for haw hnn--.,
Irrigating?and preparing rtu en, to atsed by W chib and imandvTract work,
Mechanized land seasonal , M Mechanized no Animal be usb by Husbandry s stations.
The 3-year plan assigned to the Ministry of Agricultural Machine Building
set the following goals: to produce 46,000 tractor movers in 1951 as compared
with 1,138 in 1948; to produce 16,000 tractor rakes in 1951 as compared with 900
in 1948; and to produce 10,000 silo cutters in 1951 as compared with 3,000 in
1948.
The results attained by the Ministry of Agricultural Machine Building in
Producing machines for animal husbandry may be character!+ed in the following Taking the
-harves andd animal husbandryaverfagerm1940
theoutunitput
expressed ,in price fodder-praocessing,
the 1949 output, in comparable prices, was 4.6 times as great; the P3550 0e u outppuation,
7.7 times;?and the 1951 output 8.5 times as ut,
great.
The range of types of machinery produced has widened considerably: whereas
12 types (marka fliterally, brand7) were produced in 1940, 34 types were produced
in 1949, and 49 in 1950. The increase in the number of type designations in this
period may be attributed to the development and production of highly productive
tractor machines, including tractor, self-propelled, and roller hay harvesters,
tractor side rakes tractor sweep rakes, tractor press-pickups, pickup-stackers,
mechanical baling presses, mo.nr stray silo cutters, and other machines. Sine
the prewar output of machines for animal husbandry has been so far surpassed at
it cannot serve as a yardstick, further comparisons will be made with 1949, th
year in which the 3-year plan came out. //
By the beginning of the fourth quarter 1951, the output of machines for
animal husbandry had increased 1.85 times as compared with 1949. In this period,
the output of tractor mowers increased 4 times; output of self-propelled hay
mowers, 5 times; tractor rakes, 5 times; tractor sweep rakes, 1.85 times; aotur
baling presseb, 5 times; motor and tractor silo cutters, 7.3 times; universal
mills, 4.5 times; fodder steamers, 7.4 times; and automatic water troughs, times. 16
The scale of production of hay-harvesting and fodder-processing machines
may be judged from the fact that according to the plan for the fourth quarter
1951, agricultural machine building plants were to achieve the following average
daily output: 340 tractor mowers, 25 self-propelled mowers, 335 horse mowers,
73 tractor rakes, 59 tractor and motor silo cutters (productivity 12 and 6 tons
hour), 20 universal fodder grinders, 50 fodder steamers, 1,000 automatic
troughs, and 470 milk separators.
The most important achievement of the agricultural machine building plants
in the last 3 years has been the development of sufficient capacity to enable
them to increase their output so markedly.
L y of the plants have changed their character radically. One of the
c.'ants formerly produced only fh-orse7 gears and semicomplex threshers; hence,
+working and simple gray iron tasting were the main processes at the plant.
Nou. he plant puts out complex tractor press-pickups with double binding ap-
par,i?us, and mechanical baling presses. The production of these machines neces-
sit,led the construction of two large machine shops along with equipment and
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operating personnel. In the foundry, a malleable iron department making complex
parts for binders end steel castings for the production of baling press parts
has been set up along side the gray iron casting conveyer. The capacity and the
'.aality of work of the tool shop, the heat treating department, and other depart-
ments have changed considerably. The organization of labor in the assembly,
painting, and finishing of machines is also being changed, although the rate of
change is slower than it should be.
The example of another plant is also characteristic. In the prewar period,
the chief products of the plant were sorters and semicomplex three hers; therefore,
the woodworking shop and the gray iron foundry were of prime importance. Nov the
plant produces various complex agricultural machines, including such large-series
machines as medium power motor silo cutters, a combine or silage crops, and
ensilage throwers (experimental aeries). This has brought about a marked change
in the structure and organization of shops and in the makeup C. the plant's equip-
ment. Taking the prewar quantity of metal-cutting and press-forging equipment
as a basis there were in operation on 1 July 1951,1.83 times as many metal-r'ltting
machine tools and 2.4 times as much press-forging equipment, including universal
and special machine tools, and large-size press and hammer equipment which the
plant did not possess in the prewar period. The too' shop was altered to conform
to these other changes. The foundry was equipped with two conveyers and a new
rharge7 mixing department. A new assembly-painting building fitted with special
equipment has been opened; it will have conveyers in the future.
One of the main problems that had to be solved at the plants to increase
production to plan was to increase the capacity of the foundries, especially in
the malleable iron and press-forging shops, not only by mechanizing existing
shops, but also by building new ones.
Now, all the main plants producing hay-harvesting, fodder-processing, and
other machines for animal husbandry have conveyer-equipped foundries. The level
of mechanization of foundry work may be illustrated by the example of the Main
Administration of Harvesting Machines, which produces a great number of hay-
harvesting machines and more than 50 percent of Lall the/ fodder-processing
machines. In the first half of 1951, machine molding was used for 92 percent of
the general yearly output of castings, shake-out of castings was 71 percent
mechanized, and the cleaning of castings was 90 percent mechanized.
Implementing these measures a?~ animal husbandry machinery plants made it
possible to double the output of malleable iron (which formerly limited the
output of hay-harvesting and other machines) in 1951, as compared with 1948,
and to increase the output of forgings and hot stampings 1.9 times as compared
with 1948. In the same period, more than 3,600 types of dies were put to u~e in
the press-forging shops of animal husbandry machinery plants.
Along with the growth in capacity of the casting and forging shops of the
maia machine building plants, there was cooperation among the plants of the
Ministry of Agricultural Machine Btilding in the supply of castings, for the most
part malleable iron castings and stampings. For example, the production of the
K-6 tractor mowt_ 'as organized on the basis of broad cooperation.
The increase in the capacity of plant machine shops was attained by provid-
ing additional accessories for the existing rmachine tool? park, brinair~ he
equipment in the plants up to the projected amount, and also by using special and
combination tools, setting up constant-flow lines, and organi..ing dosed /single7
item sections in the machine shops. for description of the constant -flow
method,
STAT
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More than 4,800 different type designation ofxereattachmeprepaed rnts for
for nay-harvesting and fodder-processing mach
Years ines machining parts
(according to incomplete data). Along with ea the course of 2 main plants in the the growth in capacity of the
Production of attachments, dies, measuring tools, and cutting
accessories.
tools there was also broad cooperation among the plants of the ministry in making
Movers, tractor raked, self'-propelled mowers, and press-pickups were ..ttad
out by cooperation.
In a period of 2 years, about 140 units of new special and combination equip-
ment, including 55 machine tools for machining tractor and horse mover parts, 47
machine tools for machining parts for self-propelled mowers, and 7 machine tools
for machining mass-produced parts for tractor and horse rakes, were adopted in
the production of machines for animal husbandry.
Much has been done to improve the organization of assembly operations, and
also to remodel painting-drying equipment to take into account the application
of two coats of paint over the primer coat. The assembly of animal husbandry
machine units is chiefly carried out on constant-flow lines. For example, at
the Lyube-tey Agricultural Machine Building Plant imeni Ukhtomskiy there are
more than five constant-flow lines, and a painting-drying conveyer used in the
production of hay mowers; at the Pervomaysk Agricultural Machine Building Plant,
five constant-flow lines have been organized for making unite of tractor rakes;
at the Rostsel'mash Plant, assembly and painting-crating conveyers have been
built for the production of self-propelled hay mowers, and the constant-flow
assembly of roller mowers has been organized.
Ccrstant-flow lines for the assembly of units and machines for animal hus-
bandry have also been organized at the Gomsel'mash, Kurgansel'mash, Ura'.sel'mash,
L'vovsel'mash, and other plants.
The capacity of plant welding sections has been greatly increased, chiefly
by organizing welding on the constant-flow method and adopting automatic welding
under a layer of flux. ?
W=10 or example, automatic welding of small units of the
sel-propelled mower has been adopted at the Rostsel'mash PlF'it, increas-
ing labor productivity several times; and the welding of self-propelled combine
frames has been organized by the constant-flow method.
Another example is that of the L'voveel'mash Plant, which was faced with
the problem of organizing the large-series products.,n of fodder steamers, but
had a severe shortage of production space. The problem was to increase the
output of fodder steamers from 2,000 (in 1948) in the whole Ministry of Agricul-
tural Machine Building to 11,000 at the L'vovsel'mash Plant alone.
The plant solved this problem with the aid of the Institute of Electric
Welding, Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR, and of the Ministry of Agricultural
Machine Building. Rapid automatic welding under a layer of flux was adopted,
welding processes were mechanized, and constant-flow lines were built. The
ADS-1000 automatic weldirg machine on a special stand is used for gelding the
lengthwise seams of fodder steamer boilers.
r
The PSh-5 semiautomatic welder (mourted on a special stand) designed by the
Institute of Electric Welding, Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR, is used for
welding circular seams, separate units, and also the firebox of the fodder steamer. a result
mecha veyer and constantPflaw methodsoof improved
produced was sharply reduced.
thell labor aconsumptiontof machines
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time its Produ the ti labor consumption of a Particular ma
hi
c
c
ne in 1948 (or at the
Inds
on started) as 100 percent, the changes in this qualitative
or 1949, 1950, and the first half of 1951 may be seen in the table below.
workers spite of the growth in the production of machines ,
of the agricultural machine building for animal husbandry,
sad forts, the since the quantity of machines decreed by the
cannot slacken their ef-
Vgp(b) for the 3 Ccuncilof Ministers USSR
Ten -year plan was not produced in 1950 - 1951 in the
case of a number of machines e.g., tractor cross and side rakes, and.self-
propelled mowers
A number ofplants producing machines for animal husbandry
o
plan ne fulfillment, mee.g., th the Frunze Agricultural Machine Building Pare
lanntImeenniin , the Building Plant. Plant, and the Pervomaysk Agricultural Machine
There are serious shortcomings in the organization of production and
technology at the plants. Even at a
Rostsel'mash Plant, constant -Plow li can and progressive enterprise like the
machining and assembli nit and
self-propelled closed op ove sieion for
worked out efficiently parts and units o of movers have not been
The 1952 plan provides for a further increase in the output of tractor
machines (tractor mowers, rakes, and sweep rakes). The series production of
silage combines, ensilrge throwers, and well-digging machines should be organ-
ized anew.
animal husbandry 195, engineering technical workers of plants producing machines for
the alchusbashould denote the major part of their attention to
in quality and a lowering of the production cost and labor cons ionro
machines they produce. umption of Chet
the
L^'.,or Consumption of Animal Husbandry Machines
(Percent)
rThis table summarizes information from 12 graphs. Percentages are taken
from line graphs, and hence are approximate-.7
Jhwum
1948
4
First Hair
19
9
1950
1. R'1'-6 tractor mover
----1.951
?2
KP
5.2
42
.
?.2.1 tractor mower
100
3
GPT
14
72
62
.
-
.5 tractor rake
100
6U
4. KS-10 self-propelled
mower
100
80
5. VN-3.0 tractor sweep
rake
,
100
70
6.
PVT-1.0 tractor sweep
rake
100
72
7.
PSM-5.o mechanical
baling press
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1-949
First Help
1951
8?
Dzerzlinets separator
100
82
81
9
70
.
3X-3 fodder grinder
100
10
72
..
DA-3 liking aggregate
100
6o
49
u
32
?
12
EK-0.2 fodder atelier
100
70
.
IM-1.0 steaming aggregate
100
62
STAT
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