OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENTS OF USSR SCIENTISTS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICINE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060366-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 5, 2011
• Sequence Number: 366
• Publication Date: May 14, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060366-8
nilf Docuufnr conrun IXroaumo? ?rncnuf rxt utnouft Dfrtuf
or rxt uumD fnTO nrxu rXt utXUUO or urwX~tf c
u. ?. c.. n ?uD ft.u ?uaofo. m rfexwamx of rxt tnfunox
or m counxrf IX fXT ?tXnx ro fX uuurxouxm rwox a ruo~
MifITtD fr lfX. ft rfODYOTIOX 0I TXII IOXx If rfOMI XITt D.
t)U'PSTAhVBiG ACHIE~iElg',f7TS OF USSR SCIEPTiSTS
IR THE FIELD OF M?ICIFE
~A11 scientists mentioned in this report have been awarded Stalin Frizee
for 1951, either in3lvidually or ae members of the research teams to which
they belong)
It is noteworthy that after the combined session of the Academy of Sci-
eucea USSR and the Aca3emy of Medical Sciences USSR L evoted to problems of
I. P. Favlov~s teaching], the proportion of investigations is the field of
physiology xhich have been honored with Stalin pr'zee ie increasing., These
investigations are distinguished by their broad scope end audacity of execu-
tion.
Prof V, A. Aegovekiy and his group, after thoroughly studying the immedi-
ate processes leading to death, hAve developed simple and effective methods of
restoring the vital fuhetions oP a human orRaniom. The procedure devised by
them incluaea intravenous and intraarterial blood transfusion under addition
of glucose and adreaslin. Artificial respiration ie applied simultaneously.
The xork in question proves convincingly that the stages of agony and of clan-~
ical death of humane (resulting from a heavy traumatic insury or acu?e loas.of
blood) can be reverP~ti in a number of cases.
Prof A. PY Nikolayev~s work is devoted to the prevention of still births.
In his monograph, "Prophylaxis and Therapy of Intrauterine Asphixiation of the
Fetus," he discusses one of the most common causes of still births, insuffi-
cient supply of oxygen to the fetus. According to Professor Sikoleyev'e method,
the, mother's body is saturated with oxygen, whereupon the resistance of the
brain cells oP the fetus to oxygen starvation is increased by intravenous ad-
minletration of glucose and ascorbic acid. Stagnation of circulation in ihe~
blood vessels of the brain is counteracted with cardiazol, which else stimu-
lates respiration.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060366-8
- 1 -
S-E-C-R-E-T
 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060366-8
r
Prof H. A. Petrov, the leading surgeon of the Scientific Research Insti-
tute imeni Sklifosovskiy, has worked extensively on surgical methods to be ap-
plied in cancer of the esophagus and of the cardie. He also devised an in-
str~ent of original design for joining the broken parts of the neck of a thigh
bone in fractures. Petrov received a Stalin Prize for perfecting methods of
free cutaneous plastic surgery in extensive injuries of the skin. Petrov's
monograph dealing with this problem represents the results of many years of ob-
servations carried out on~patiente suffering from burns and traumatic injuries.
Ia Petrov's vozk, the cardinal principle of USSR medicine, that of treating the
patients rather thsn the disease, is readily apparent. This investigator es-
tablishe3 the nature of the principal stages for~tng the series of severe path-
ological changes that develop in the organism oP a person suffering from burns.
Petrov demonstrated that transplantations of large unattached patches of skin
caanot be successful unless the whole orgeniem oP the patient is treated anal
devised a system of treatment which involves saturating the pa~lent'a organism
with protein, blood, and salts. This method applied in combination with e
perfected surgical technique involving thr; use of a new instrument (the derma-
tome) assures the success of the operation. The new technique for performing
this opera*, ion is accessible to a aide circle oP surgeons
Under participation of A. A. Bagdaearov, coreeponding meatier of the Acad-
emq of Medical Sciences USSR, and Professors F. S. Vasii'yev, I{h.. Kh, Vlados,
F. P. Vinogred-Finkel', and A, N. Filatov, new methods of preserving blood and
of producing therapeutic agents from blood were developed at the ,.^entr~ In-
stitute of Hematology and blood Trans?usicn and the Leningrad Scieu?iPic Re-
search Institu+,e oP Bloo3 Transfusion.
Of conside=stile interest is the work done by Prof A. N, Studitakiy and
A. R. Striganova, Senior Scientific Associate, Institute oP Animal Morphology
imeni A. N. Severtsov, Academy of Sciences USSR, on the regenera+, ion of skele-
tal muscles, The results obtained by Studitskiy and members cf his group can
be applied in surgery in the future.
USSR public health has been advanced thanks to investigations can led out
by Prof N. A? Freobrazhenskiy. The vozk done by this scientist on *.he aynthe-
s1s of physiologically active compounds is outstanding, The method of synthe-
sizing pilocarpine which vas developed by him vas introduced into production?
Ae a result, an effective domestic drug for the treatment of glaucoma became
available to USSR ophthalmologists. Although emetine vas isolated more than
150 years ago, Sts chemical constitution has born cier*_fied and its synthesis
accomplished only quite recently as a result of work done by Fr~obrazhenskiy.
Important new vozk hoe e.iao been done by this inve_~igator lu connection with
.syntheses of coichicine, arecoline, cocaine, and vitemina snd provitamins of
the carotin group. In carrying out hie investigations, Freobrazhenakiy concen-
trated on industries developments leading to the eyn~heais of non drugs appli-
cable in medicine.
Malaria a= an endemic disease hss been eliminated completely in a number
of republics and oblaste of the USSR. Outstanding work in that connection was
done by a large g:?oup of malaria specialists headed by P. v. Sergiyev, who de-
veloped and~intreduced into practice complex m_asures for combating this dis-
ease.
Work done by a group directed by V. D. Timakov, corresponding member Aced-
enyy of Medical Sciences USSR, and Dr N. Ye. Lebedev led to 3raatic improvement
of methods for the production of a number of therapeutic and prophylactic
agents, ae well as the development of new, highly effective iherapeutic agents.
Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06 :CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060366-8~