THE USSR TIMBER INDUSTRY DURING THE PERIOD 1946 - 1950

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Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2
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RIPPUB
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R
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7
Document Creation Date: 
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date: 
October 6, 2011
Sequence Number: 
533
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Publication Date: 
June 7, 1952
Content Type: 
REPORT
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Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 CLASSIFICATION RESTRICTED pl - CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY INFORMATION FROM FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS COUNTRY USSR SUBJECT Economic - Timber industry HOW PUBLISHED Montn'_y ' ical WHERE PUBLISHED Moscow DATE PUBLI94~D Aug - Sep 1946 LANGUAGE Russian TMU YOOYU,xr OoxrllIi IfloulIT01 IIRRISI nIl xllrbxll. 1(111x11 01 MI 01 ll.. II .M111 IS Illtx,. rx1 Itl ..A 01 urlox .... Icr So x. I. o., ,I I. 11111. AlAIIIOOx 011710 0* no. 01 lh CST LAW. 1? Ixr ? xxlx TO Ix Vx OIl IS RIO IIIII0 IS 110 MIIIt1o Ir 4t. 11lx00YCr1ox 0, TMII Iox? 11 IIOxII1r10. I.e8nay6 PrOmyshlennost 1. REPORT CD NO. DATE OF INFORMATION 1946 DATE DIST. -7 Jun 1952 NO. OF PAGES 7 SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT NO. THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION TH8 USSR TIMBER yp77U y DURIRO TEE PERIOD 1945 1950 iN STAT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 M. I. Saltykov, Min, Timber Industry USSR In 1940, the timber industry of the USSR hauled 246 million cubic meters of timber, including 117.9 million cubic meters of industrial timber. In 1940, it produced 34.8 million cubic meters of lumber, 712,000 cubic meters of ply. wood, and 9.9 million cases of matches. In 1950, the enterprises of the Ministry of Timber Industry USSR are to haul 114 million cubic meters of timber, 42 percent more than in 1940. This figure is to include 82 million cubic meters of industrial timber, 83 percent more than in 1940. In 1950, the mills and plants of the ministry are to produce 15 million cubic meters of lumber, a 24-percent rise over the prewar levi1; 600,00 meters of plywood, and 9.9 billion boxes of matches. Match production willbic be held to the prewar level, and further expansion will not be required im- mediately after that level has been reattained, since 9.9 billion boxes fully meet the demand of the population. Furniture production in 1950 has been set at 270 million rubles, a 26- percent increase over 1940. Production of acetic acid is tc total 15,000 tons In 1950, or 50 percent more than in 1940. Rosin output is to be 45,700 tons in 1950, or 28 percent greater than in 1940. Planned timber_haulage.increases in 1950 over 1940 and 1945 for various regions are shown in the following table (in percent): Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 R Increase in 1950 Over egion 12 1945 Ar Komi ASSH khangel'ak Oblast 42 195 28 98 Karelo-Finnish SHE K 64 403 irov Oblast M 123 251 olotov Oblast G ' 162 352 or kiy Oblast h 49 282 Bas kir ASSR 239 459 By 1950, timber haulage is to be 63 percent greater than in 1940 in West l1 Siberia, 42 percent in East Siberia, and doubled in the Far East (Sakhalin included). Timber haulage in Kostroma and Yaroslavl' oblasta, Krasnodar Kray, Tatar and Udmurt ASSR, and the Ukrainian SSR is also to exceed the prewar level by a considerable margin. Logging For opening up new forest massifs in mostly lightly populated areas, the Five-Year Plan envisages construction of 660 mechanized timber-haulage roads. New road construction in some regions has been preliminarily planned as fol- lows, Railroads Roads for Mechanized Haulage .North North t 38 142 wes and Karelo-Finnish SSR Urals 47 86 East Sib 3 9 94 eria and Far East 9 161 In 1950, 75 percent of all felling and skidding work is to be mechanized. By the end of 1950, more than 26,000 electric saws and 6,500 electric power plants are to be operating in the forests. By 1950, 70 percent of all loading is to be mechanized. During the postwar plan period, the Ministry of Timber Industry is to receive the following equipment: 26,100 electric saws; 6,500 !lectric power plants; 12,000 tractors, including 7,500 skidding tractors; 2,000 loading cranes; 470 steam locomotives; 1,420 motor locomotives; 25,000 narrow-gauge flat cars for both steam- and motor-locomotive draft; 7,000 trucks with trailers, 2,500 bulldozers; and 500 motorized graders. The Five-Year Plan envisages a broader use of rail transport for timber haulage. While one fifth of mechanized haulage was by rail before the war, one half is to be by rail in 1950. Horse-drawn haulage will still comprise 45 percent of total haulage. In round figures, 50 million cubic meters of timber will still be hauled by horse draft in 1950. At present, roughly half of all logging work is performed by seasonal wor- kers -- kolkhoz workers and individual peasants. It is planned to reduce the seasonal workers'labor contribution to 25 percent in 1950, so that 75 percent of all felling, skidding, haulage, and loading will be performed by permanent timber industry workers by 1950. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 New plants are to be built in the Molotov area because logging along the Rama River is to be increased considerably. The plants in Sverdlovsk, Khaba- rovsk, and Kaliningrad are to be rehabilitated, and a special experimental plant is to be created for TaNIIM6 (Central Scientific Research Institute of Power Engineering and Mechanization of Logging). The Main Administration of Mechanization has a Central Des eau which is charged with providing models of new machines capable of inccrea ing labor productivity in the forest. I gyres import operaTh ti. ens stIn portent task of forestry is to prepare the base for logging have come into be practice, the terms "known forests" and "unknown orests" ~g? It is the task of forestry to convert USSR forestfs from unknown into known forests and to estimate their resources in terms of timber which the USSR has at its disposal. The Five-Year Plan envisages organization of 19.7 million hectares of forests, which will also be inventoried, aerially photographed, and aerially inspected. Detailed inventory will be made of forests located in areas with a high exploitation priority. Another important task of forestry is the rehabilitation of forests by sowing and planting in denuded areas and in areas short of forests, such as the Baltic countries, Transcaucasus, Central Asia, North Caucasus, Leningrad Oblast, and others. Daring the plan period, it is planned to sow and plant 296,000. hectares, establish tree nurseries ano plantations on 14,000 hectares, procure 3,190 tons of tree seeds, and maintain 422,000 hectares of valuable planted forests so as to increase their productivity. By the end of 1950, it is planned to patrol 300 million hectares of forests with 200 forestry planes. This area compares with 80 million hectares patrolled in 1940. Not only forests of the Ministry of Timber Industry but also kol- khoz forests and forests of local Importance are included in the plan figure. Labor Productivity and Wages In 1950, labor productivity is to have increased 54 percent over 1940 in logging operations and 30.5 percents over 1940 in the manufacturing branches of the timber industry. Annual output per worker in logging and floating opera- tions is to grow fror 1,845 rubles in 1940 to 2,852 rubles in 1950. The in- crease in labor productivity will be considerably greater than the increase in the number of workers since this number is to increase only 12 percent. In harmony with the growth in labor productivity, wages of felling and hauling workers will rise 'o 6,230 rubles in 1950 as compared with 2,980 rubles in 1945. It is planned that wages in sawmilling rise to 5,500 rubles annually in 1950, which will be 74 percent higher than in 1940 and 22 percent higher than in 1945. The wages of engineering and technical personnel amounted to 7,142 rubles in 1940 and 8,871 rubles in 1945. According to plan, they are to rise to 12,700 rubles in 1950, a 78-percent increase over 1940. Office employees are to receive a 28-percent increase. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 STAT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 Besides rehabilitating furniture factories in the Ukrainian USE, the RSFSR, Iatvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, it is planned to build new factories in Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Sverdlovsk, Arkhangelsk, and elsewhere. Plywood Industry During the plan period, the plywood industry is to increase output of water-resistant plywood and polished (shlifovannaya) plywood. Match Industry To achieve production of almost 10 billion boxes of matches in 1950, it is planned to build nine new factories, to expand existing factories, and to replace almost all of the equipment of the latter. During the plan period, 34 automatic machines are to be installed in the new factories and 18 in the expanded and rehabil+tated factories; 41 worn- out machines in existing enterprises are to be re7laced. During the plan period, the geographical distribution of the match in- dustry is to change considerably. In 1940, Belorussia produced 28.7 per- cent of all matches made, the central regions, 46 percent. By 1950, Belo- russia's contribution to total match production is to be only 15.7 percent and that of the central regions 23.4 percent, The match industry is to be distributed more evenly throughout the USSR. Average annual output per automatic machine in 1950 has been set at 92,000 cases, including 100,000 cases in existing factories and 80,000- 85,000 cases in new enterprises, depending on the length of time during which new equipment will have been utilized. Wood-Chemical Industry Rosin production is to increase from 35,700 tons in 1940 to 45,700 tons in 1950; 82 percent of the 1950 goal is to be produced from soft resin, 18 percent, by extraction. Output of acetic acid is to rise from 10,000 tons in 1940 to 15,000 tons in 1950. To attain this program, it is planned to build five new plants and to expand the existing Vakhta Plant. It is planned to construct large acetic acid plants and to reconstruct and expand the Asha, Syavskiy, and Dmitriyevskiy chemical plants. The plan envisages developmei,t of the tapping sector of the industry. Collection of soft resin is to rise to 51,000 tons in 1950, as compared with 49,000 tons in 1940 and 20,000 tons in 1945. The area of tree stands utilized for tapping is to rise to 515,000 hectares in 1950. Exploitation of pine stands by tapping is to be extended from the present 5-6 years to 10 years, before the stands may be cut down. Machine-Building Industry The Main Administration of Mechanization of the Timber Industry was created during the war. Gross output of logging machinery during the plan period is to increase to 276 percent of the prewar level. In 1950, the enterprises of the logging-machinery industry are to produce 1,500 electric power plants, 2,000 electric saws, 4,000-5,000 narrow-gauge flat cars, 62 tugging cutters, 3,000 truck trailers, 30 motor locomotives, 200 loading cranes, 200 bulldozers, and 30 self-propelled timber-haulage ships. They are also to make repairs on 1,500 trucks and tractors and 1,000 tractor and truck motors. STAT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 . New plants are to be built in the Molotov area because logging along the Kama River is to be increased considerably. The punts in Sverdlovsk, Kh&ba- rovak, and Kaliningrad are to be rehabilitated, and a special experimental plant is to be created for TsNID( (Central Scientific Research Institute of Power Engineering and Mechanization of Logging). The Main Administration of Mechanization has a Central Desigai which is charged with providing models of new machines capable of increasing labor productivity in the forest. The most important task of forestry is to prepare the base for logging operations. In Soviet practice, the terms "known forests" and "unknown forests" have come into being. It it the task of forestry to convert USSR forests from unknown into known forests and to estimate their resources in terms of timber which the USSR has at its disposal. The Five-Year Plan envisages organization of 19-7 million hectares of forests, which will also be inventoried, aerially photographed, and aerially inspected. Detailed inventory will be made of forests located in areas with a high exploitation priority. Another important task of forestry is th' rehabilitation of forests by sowing and planting in denuded areas and in areas short of forests, such as the Baltic countries, Transcaucasus, Central Asia, North Caucasus, Leningrad Oblast, and others. During the plan period, it is planned to sow and plant 296,000 hectare; establish tree nurseries ana plantations on 14,000 hectares, procure 3,190 tone of tree seeds, and maintain 422,000 hectares of valuable planted forests so as to increase their productivity. By the end of 1950, it is planned to patrol 300 million hectares of forests with 200 forestry planes. This area compares with 80 million hectares patrolled in 1940. Not only forests of the Ministry of Timber Industry but also kol- khoz forests and forests of local importance are included in the plan figure. Labor Productivity and Wages In 1950, labor productivity is to have increased 54 percent over 1940 In logging operations and 30.5 percent over 1940 in the manufacturing branches of the timber industry. Annual output per worker in logging and floating opera- tions is to grow from 1,845 rubles in 1940 to 2,852 rubles in 1950. The in- crease in labor productivity will be considerably greater than the increase in the number of workers since this number is to increase only 12 percent. In harmony with the growth in labor productivity, wages of felling and hauling workers will rise to 6,230 rubles in 1950 as compared with 2,980 rubles in 1945. It is planned that wages in sawmilling rise to 5,500 rubles annually in i 1945. The 9950, which will be 74 percent higher than in 1940 and 22 percent higher than 1 wages of engineering and technical personnel amounted to 7,142 rubles in 1940 and 8,8/1 rubles in 1945. According to plan, they are to rise to 12,700 rubles in 1950, a 78-percent increase over 1940. Office employees are to receive a 28-percent increase. STAT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 Output per worker in the manufacturing branches of the timber industry amounted to 9,328 rubles in 1940; in 1950, it will have increased to 12,176 rubles, a 3O.5-pereent increase. At the same t!me, the number of workers is to decline from 237,000 in 1940 to 224,000 in 1950, or to 95 percent of the 1940 number. During the first three five-year pla_.s, capital investment in the Ministry of Timber Industry amounted to 4.5 billion rubles. During the fourth plan period, it is estimated that 4 billion rubles will be invested in the ministry, distributed as follows (in rubles): Logging and floating Sawmilling and wood processing Furniture industry Plywood industry Wood chemistry Match industry Machine building Other 2,352,000,000 490,000,000 180,000,000 180,000,000 150,000,000 245,000,000 150,000,000 173,000,ooo Of the 4 billion rubles, 800 million rubles are to be spent for housing. During the plan period, 172 new factories and plants are to be built, 187 rehabilitated, and 173 redesigned. In 1950, it is planned to haul 40 million cubic meters of timber, or more than one third of the planned total, on newly built timber-haulage roads. By 1950, roughly as many as 100,000 workers are to work in construction organizations. Scientific Research Work TsWIIME is to occupy itself with questions of mechanizing laborious opera- tions such as felling and bucking, creating machines for limbing, improving skidding equipment, and designing road-construction machinery which can be used in the forest. Raft building is already comparatively well mechanized, but other float- ing processes are only slightly mechanized. The Central Scientific Research Institute of Timber Floating is to develop better loading equipment for lift- ing timber out of the water into barges. The objective is to mechanize all floating operations completely. The Central Scientific Research Institute for Mechanical Wood Processing faces the tasks of developing the continuous, or conveyer, production method and designing new, more productive machines. The main tasks of TsNIIF (Central Scientific Research Institute of Plywood) are to develop new forms of plywood and to study their physical and structural qualities. TORILKhI (Central Scientific Research Institute of Wood Chemistry) faces the task of obtaining higher acetic acid yields from wood, expanding the range of chemical products, and exploring the possibility of setting up small mobile units for processing cutting area waste materials. -6- RESTRICTED STAT Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2 TsNIILKh (Central Scientific Research Institute of Forestry) faces the task of solving problems concerning practical application of colchicine for the rapid groving of forests. Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/06: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700060533-2