ACTIVITIES OF NINGSIA PEOPLE'S GOVERNEMNT, SECOND HALF 1951

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700070088-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 19, 2011
• Sequence Number: 88
• Publication Date: June 25, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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COUNTF~'
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
CLASSIFICATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
Politlcal;.Economic; Sociological
Daily news per
Sian
8 Dec 1951
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SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
ACTMTIES OF NINGS]A PEOPLE S GOVERNMENT, SECL)ND HALF 1951
The following report was msde by V~.c?-Chairman Ying Shao-tang at the Fourth
Session, Northwest Military and Administrative Committee un 24 November 1951. In
it he discussed the activities of the Ningsia People's Government during the
second half of 1951 and the pian;. for 1952.
The activities of the Ningsia Pecple~s Government, in the second half of
1951, included making prerarstlca to imp-ea:ent land reform in the sprinP, of 1952
rallying the people t:; participate .n the Resit America, Aid Korea Movement, cam-
paigning against counte:?re?;oluii.or~.riee, undertaking various production and con-
struction projects, ar. ~,,cps_ding :.ult.ursl, edutatiraal,snd health activities.
Ia May 1951, the gcve:rmenc laur,.hed activities tc suppress counterrevolu-
tionaries. Although a great d~~l has been achieved d.u?inEy the ensuing months,
some die-hard counterrevolutiunariea are still continuing their activities.
The provincial government has, therefore, stepped up its propaganda-education
programs for cadres at various levels to correct the paralysis of pacifist think-
~ng in order to sha:gen the political alerti,_ss oP the csdr?s and the people to
fortify the people's democratic dictatorship.
In the spring of 1951, the epidemic of hoof-and-mouth disease affected 50 per-
cent of the total 30,000 head of cattle in Ningsia. Of the total, 2.8 percent
died from the disease. Ir.:ring the same period; disease-carrying parasitic insects
infected sheep and goats which killed some 119,213 cheep and 183,250 goats. Since
e maJority of the people in Ningsia make their living by means of livestock indus-
try, the diseases hale cauaeu s great deal oP hardship. A serious calamitous con-
dition may arise in Ningsia if, in addition to the animal diceasea, there are
drought condition during tits later part of 1951, followed by ci.isease epidemics in
the spring of 1952.
A, T.gP_~t _?ePprm :iCtivii'~5
ThP ~o~arrnr,Fnt plans tc ::3.;y cut land reform in the winter of 1951 sad the
spring of 1952 in Ningsia's agricultural region. Thus the provincial sad the
heien governments convened a series of meetings from August to October 1951. Prob-
lems, such ae land-reform policies, class differentiation the handling of the
Moslem temples, land problems in the Hung-psi area, etc., were thoroughly discussed.
After tentative agreements xere reached on thes.: various problems, government and
party workers and pzonle's delegsteR proceeded ?:ith prcpsrations foz launching land
..reform - waging prcpsgsnds,?~rganizing the peasants, imp:?oving peasants' associa-
tions, etc.
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CLASSIFICATION it1rS'PRfCTl;D'~
STATE NAW NSRB_
ARHY Alk Fal
DISTRIBUTION
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About 1,177 cadres ware assigned by the provincial government to administer
land reform under an over-all plan; 278 oP them were selected from the provincial
governments and other government agencies et levels corresponding to the provin-
cial government; 564 from various.hsien or municipal governments; 103 from the
army; and 232 frcm the Northwest China Military and Administrative Committee.
An Additional 2,159 workers were appointed by-the hsien governments from local
government employees, young vorkera and peasants, sad revolutionary intellec-
tuals. All these land-reform workers were brought together gor a brief train-
ing beforE '.ng sent to the 328 hsiang to carry oui land reforr -- except Yor
the Yew assigned to the Provincial Land Reform Committee and the 12 land-reform
committees at the hsien or municipality level. Fzom four to seven persona were
assigned to each hsien, The person with greatest experie:~:e, or the person with
a rank equal to the head of the ch`u Bove*.nment, vas made chairman of the group.
To provide guidance and supe:v:;ion for land reform, the Ningxia Provincial
People's Government in October 1951 rstabllehed the Land-F.eYorm Inspection Team.
The inspection team has fcur field ua?_ts, e,cY, composed of about six persons,
with the government departmental cr diviF.ensi chief as the head. Each field
unit ie to inspect and supervise the lend reform of a particular area. .The
provincial government also invited tY.e pc--ogle to crganize observation teams to
conduct inspection tours wi`.h ih< government inspection teams. Similar teams
and groups Yor inspection an3 ob??~. reooles o, dtffercnt oziglns and social
backgrounds throughout tY.~ prcvin:.,,
There are 23,493 fam=lies in N_ng=, is Psc~?iu:.e vhe are dependents of the
revolutionary mar~yra and ser.i;:emrn. ]: th;e figu_e, 1,E8~ families received
complete land-plowing service free ~. charge sad 4.14: received partial land-
plowing service. Ninety martyrs' families each received 1,000-`?,000 cattier
of grain from the 250,000 cactiee ::ensfe::e3 f_om the Nozthwest China Military
and Administrative Commlttee.:r r:Zd: ; i ~~ , T? ct7 ~ to var:.~~u_
grain for the martyr's fnm:1 ve ,h- ,. try , ~ .. ` ..r?as dcn~sted money sad
~" ? in?-~ h oar. o. exe^:ple, the peo-
ple donated about 80,000 ratc!r= ~~` E"`~-r~ = :r u,?t.;-, F4.(en, the ;,eople loaned
tbout 28O piculs c,t grain tc the Iem;.ies et^th- m~_?-y_s an3 e? n?icemen; hence,
these families are able t: eve e.:d tc engage :n production.
STAT
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the deputy chief of the second ch'u of Ho-lan Felen, and the food poisoning of
the local security maintenance force in Chung aei Hsien. Moreover, the I-kuan-
t'ao ~ sect of the Taoist religion considered counterrevolutionary) ie still
active in yen-cHih Haiea. Ail these indicate that the counterrevolutionaries
are still active behind their heavy scr?P~. Thar?Pere, the provincial govern-
aent has stepped up its propaganda??education programs for cadres at the various
levels. It intends to correct the Para.~yais of pacifist thinking, thereby
sharpeaing~the political nlertaese of the cadres and the people to fortify
the people a democratic dictatorship.
D. Production and Construction Activities
1. Agriculture and Forestry
Except in the drought-stricken Yen-.^h'ih HsLn and T'u..g-hsin Hsien
^wd the flood areas in Ling?-w Hsien and Wu-chung Hsien, the harvest vas good
during summer and autumn 1951, The agricultural output vas 55.6 percent above
the original targets.
Forest protection has been enforced. The government is putting equal
emphasis oa develoging new forests and protecting the existing ones. In the
spring of 1951, the government planted trees in an a_.a of 2,680 mou to counter-
act rind-driven sand, reinforce river banks, end protect the forests. The people
planted 318,737 R,77-groin trees and numerou3 saplings in 235 mou of forest beds.
Thus the government has almost complEted its plan of increasing forest acreage
by 3,62p mou and planting 104,329 trees.
2. Water Conservancy
ftev irrigation projects. ftang_,;hsng Canal in Ho?tung xas completed
and. opened on 10 ftovember 1951. It is 2g.4 kilometers long xith 34 antis of
eurfnce construction. Pro~ecte to enlarge the Chin Canal and to improve the
drainage of the Ching-shui Branch Canal have also been completed. Pro~ecte for
improving the Hei-ta Branch Canal and Tang-lei Canal have been 70 percent
completed and are expected to be fini=had by '.he spring of 1952.
Spring construction projects include a total of 9.75la ?-"-.tie,.+.. ,~
and 2 42 embankment --, '-v -.~..a~o ~~` ""'~?"?"
,3 protection pro,7ecte, The government also planned to imder-
take 12 projects for cutting csasls, which ~;?ould require the removal of 170564
cubic meters of atone and the dredging of 4,34g,126 cubic meters of earth.
Oxing to the democrati^ work assignment system and improved living conditions,
xorkers' efficiency increased greatly. As a result, 1,260 p_c~ects -- 58 per-
cent of the total -- xere added to the original plan. This would benefit an
additional 63,730 mou of land,
3. Animal Husbandry
Ia the spring of 1951,, h;cf?snd-mouth disease xas prevalent in ftingsis.
According to incomplete estimates, 30,000 cattle, 50 ~rcent of the total, were
affected by the disease with a mortaaty rate of 2.8 percent. In addition to
various preventive measures taken by the heien governments, the Northwest China.
Military and Administrative Committee sent a veterinary team to cooperate with
local veterinarians in cop:tng with the widespread animal disease. As s result,
disaster ins averted and the spring rr~pa verE not badly affectEd.
STAT
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However, at the same tams, disease-tarrying parasitic insects infected
the sheep. and goats It is estimsted that 119,213 sheep and 183,250 goats died
of the disease. In Yen-ch'h Hsien alone, 51,226 sheep and 44,000 goats died
in ilia spring and summer of 1951. Since the livestock industry accounts for
GO percent of the income of the people of Yen-chi, the disease has caused
great hardship.. Sours of the people have nothing left to live on.
The reason of this 3isaster vas twofold: the sheep were not taken care of
properly because of the drought-caused shortage of forage and provender; our
leadership vas poor, as evidenced by nun hur~;,ucratic at+.ttude. We did not fully
and maturely ao^sider the bureaucratic attituae, We did pat fully and maturely
consider the possibility of disease epidemics and consequently we failed to
take effective preventive measures After the animal diseases struck, ve were
not nble to cope with them e.f?~ctiveiy, and consequently the people suffered
heavy losses. Subsequent investigation vas conducted by governments at the
various levels, and the officialF reepcnsible for the disaster vere properly
punished. A serious calamitous .:andition may arise if ve face drought condi-
tion and the outbreak of diseases to the spring of 1952.
On 8 August 1951, veterinary tesm_ consisting of 82 veterinary workers
xere seat to certain districts to take pzFven*.ive measures and instruct the
people regarding animal feed, feed preparation, animal s!utltation, elimination
of old and weak animals, etc. Eight veter:nerisns assigned by the Northwest
China Military and Adminlstratire ?'.:_~smitte~ have gone. t-, work in the country.
4. Industry and Coerce
Industry: Pro,jeets under con=*,ruc*.ion :nelnde one wool-washing plant,
txo paver plants, one rice and flour mill, snd one sugar refinery. Most of
the equipment for the xool-washing plant and for tY.e power plant in Hsin-Chang
Sns arrived. The construction of scout 4G building units w4; started in 1951
and will continue through 1952 with :;ompletion expec*.ed by the end of 1952?
The power plant in Wu-Chung, which is raed by uublic snd private investors,
has been completed and x111 begin operation early in December 1951. The con-
struction of the rice and flour mill in Wu?--:hung is in progress, The sugar
plant occupies the site of a f^rmer alcohol plant; its ooastructi?:n vas begun
in August 1951 and operation vi.il:~tart to November 19?1-
Commerce: Our main comma:r-sal a[tiv:tirs involve the organization of
commodity trade e.~d the regulation of commodity transactions. Ningxia produces
hides, furs, xool, hemp, licorice root, lysium chinenae, salt, sodium, coal,
tobacco, etc., totaling 25 major produc.te. Tn sdditS?:n, it pir~duces more than
300 native commodities of secondary importance *.c ?*.s economy. The marketing
of these commodities, especially in s r=_gion like Ningsis, becomes a deter-
minate factor in the development of the e,:onos~y; snd the marketing resolves
itself into a problem of transpo=ration, The government ha.s tried to organize
various means of transportatica, '.t hsa developed river transport; 1,700 wooden
and lenther rafts are being used. According tc estimates, the cargo tonnage
passing through Yin-ch'uan and Teng-x cu to May 1951 wax twice s? much as the
total for 1950.
Private intezests were fully considered in tY.e 1951 price regula-
tions and producers, transport agenc_ e, and marketing firms were assured a
reasonable profit. The vide dispari*.y bet!:een the prices of agricultural goods
and the prices of industziel goods has been corrected. According to price
data is A-is-ehan ~
STAT
STAT
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HESFRI^PED
In terms of cloth, one picul of wool could be exchanged for only
35 Peet of fine cloth iefore the liberation,vhil?_ now it can be exchanged for
580 to 5g0 feet. Inversely, one bolt of cloth cost 1,700 cattiea of millet
or 400 cattiea of wool before the liberation, but now it costs only 470 cat-
tiea of millet or 44 cattiea of wool. On the basis of mutual benefit, pur-
e end ~'~t~g contrasts were signed between state companies and pri-
vate firms, According to a rough estimate the volume oP business of state-
owaed livestock and native products companies, from January to August 1951,
vas 200 percent greater than the entire 1950 volume,
$' Cultural Educational and Health Activities
As a result of our hard work these past 6 months, great progress has
been made in education in Ningxia,
According to incomplete estimates, theze has been s 34 percent increase
in middle-school enrollment as rompa,.ed with 6 months ago, and the number
of primary school students has increased Ly 25 percent. Students of the
minority nationalities especially have shove a remarkable increase in number.
For instance, the number of Moslem students in primary schools throughout
the province has increased from 8,913 :n 1950 to 10,246, an increase of 15
percent. The number of students in the Mongolian-lsuguage primary schools
~e ~ tly~-3`id~x?ehaofincreased 40 percent. These newly enrolled students
Peasants and uorice_s, This is because ve are Pursu-
ing a sound educational policy t.o sezve the workers end peasants and also be-
cause the workers and peasants are better off n;v than formerly, However,
the quality of the students does not improve with their quantitative increase;
and furthermore, the political development of teachers 13 often inadeq~:ate,
In fact some leachers are confused ideologically, and this retards the
progress of students. School facilities ere generally poor, and the schools
usually lack sufficient funds. All these. fscto:s constitute an obstacle tr,
Progress sad must to corrected.
There have been some achievF.msnt, with regard to spare-time education for
vorkere and Pearante and gene.si 5orial edu,:at_;,n, There are 147 Peoples
4,4701aevaith 7,387 students; these ve,`e fo:merly vintPr schools. There are
2 Paper-study groups, cone;.sting of 50 000 person;. There are also
3 vorkere sFsi'e_tima schools, enrolling, e, 069 students. Worker; and peasants
are generally very eager to study, psrtic~ilerly thes=_ in Nang-shuo Hsiea
and Yea-ch'ih Hdien where land refcrv has been carried out. Peasants there
vent Mee to attend school; even du.:iag the busy farming season, Some who
were completely illiterate can no-a read newspapers end write,
Cultural centers and exhibit rooms have been established, and Polk
icing, singing groups, and drama groups, have bean organized st each heien,
$y the dissemination of politi.^al propaganda in come;t with the go~?srnment,
these organizations have made s remarkable ccntziouticn toward the attainment
of various political and educational cb~eci:vas,
Aa.to public health, the various heie.n hsv,~ sat up health organizations
(hospi'i;als and clinics) and ha:?e madF. yr2.sngrm~,n*, for a proper distribution of
existing hospital facilities and dL~ctur=. r
students, :.Fdicsi _ch:.a has enrolled 279
However, the masses still do not know~hox to+copecwithadiseas e.
It ie hoped that in the course of land reform, the masses will bF tP
educated in matters of health, come better
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The above is a summary of the various activities in Niagais Province. Prom
what hne_beea said we can see that we have made-eubstantisl paogreae'. Ho'vever,
there :ere mng shortcomings. Dut, is ac~ordnnce with the. spirit expreeaed~in
this conference, ve trlll mobilize-all available resources to contiaue.the aeeigt
Aaerica,. Ai.d Iforea Movement, attd extend the ideological reforc movement tor. greater
improvemenh and achievement in our various activities.
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STAT
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