ELECTRIFICATION OF YUGOSLAVIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700070278-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 19, 2011
• Sequence Number: 278
• Publication Date: July 14, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION RESTRICTED
SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD No.
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
HOW
Yugoslavia DATE OF
Economic - Electric power
DATE DIST.
190'Jul 1952
PUBLISHED
WHERE
PUBLISHED
Handbook
Belgrade NO
OF PAGES
11
DATE
PUBLISHED
.
JUL ~u ._
1950
LANGUAGE
SUPPLEMENT
Serbo-Croatian REPORT NO.
TO
THIN OOCON.NT CONTAIN[ INPON.AnO. APP.CTIN. TOE NATIONAL INTENSE
OF TN[ ONIT[0 STOICS .ITNIN TNI ^.ANINO 00 ICPIONAO/ ACT 10
U. S. .31 ANN NI, A0 AN ER 0.O. In T.AERNIOSION OA THE N[Y[uTIO.
OI 1n CONTENTS IN A.T MANNER TO AN ONAOTNONII90 PERSON 15 PRO?
.INIT...1 L... Nn.oOOOnON OP THIS PORN I. 1...1.1T.0
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
The following report isl taken from the Informativni
ru
prricrik o Jugoslaviji, a handbook published irregularly since late
19 by the Yugoslav Directorate for Information. Appended maps show
electric power plants in Yugoslavia and sources of hydroelectric power;
a graph shows construction of high-tension lines.
Today, all basic sources of power, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas,
water, and wood, are utilized for the production of electric power. Instead of
utilizing all kinds of coal for electric power production in thermal power plaits
as in prewar Yugoslavia, new Yugoslav plants are utilizing waste from brown coal
(mine waste and dust) and lignite.
Petroleum, natural gas, and wood are being used for the production of elec-
tric power to a small extent, mostly in numerous small electric power plants of
local importance which are gradually going out of operation because of being
incorporated into the general electrification network.
Electrification of present-day Yugoslavia is based upon utilization of
water power, since Yugoslavia is very rich in water power. A survey of avail-
able water power resources 's now in progress, but recent estimates indicate
that the water power potential of Yugoslavia, at an average water flow, is about
12 million kilowatts. Economically utilizable water power is estimated to be
approximately 9.1 million kilowatts, with a possible production of 40 billion
kilowatt-hours of power.
STATE
ARMY
NSRB
FBI
DISTRIBUTION
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Production of Electric Power in 1918, 1931, 1937, 1939
(million kw-h)
Hydroelectric Thermal Electric
Year Population Power Power Total
Per Capita
millions
kw-h
1918 11.5 285 165 450
39
1931 14 291.5 493.5 785
56
1937 15.28 450 462 912
6o
1939 35.5 538 562 1,100
71
The above table shows that the average annual increase in electric power
production in prewar Yugoslavia was about 6.5 percent annually and the average
per capita increase in population was about 3.7 percent annually.
The following tables show the number of electric power plants, their ca-
pacity, purpose, and type, and their average capacity per plant.
Year
1918
1938
Total number of electric plants
223
790
Total installed capacity
215
495
Average capacity per plant
0.955
0.625
1918
1938
Avg Cap
Avg Cap
Ca
p
per Plant
C
a
p
per Plant
~
?
r-.Z $
rx
N.
%
~,
,
~,
~
`W"'
$
(mx)
Public power
plants
90
40.4
80 37.2
0.801
300
38
200
40.4
0.665
Mixed power
plants*
28
12.5
27 12.6
0.965
71
9
118
23.8
1.66
Industrial
power plants 105
Hydroelectric
plants
168
21.6
160
32.3
0.952
Steam plants
306
38.6
208
42.0
0.68
Plants with
diesel prime
movers
Plants with gas
combustion prime
movers
Plants with mis-
cellanous prime
movers
(Information unavailable
for 1918)
120 15.1 98 19.8 0.816
those producing partially for public purposes.
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STAT
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Small, local, uneconomic electric power plants were built in prewar Y?igo-
slavia instead of large, powerful installations.
Of 168 hydroelectric power plants in 1938 with a total capacity of 160 mil-
liwatts, two plants had a capacity of 104 milliwatts or 65 percent of the total
capacity. The remaining 166 plants had a total capacity of 56 millivatts, or an
average of scarcely 0.34 millivatt per plant. The same applies to thermal power
plants and power plants using other types of fuel.
Only 160,000 kilowatts of water power were utilized before the war, or 1.78
percent of 9 million kilowatts, the potential hydroelectric power in Yugoslavia.
Electrification was limited mostly to large cities, industries, and mines.
The production of electric power in 1939 was 1,100,000,000 kilowatt-hours,
or 7 kilowatt-hours per capita.
Electric power in prewar Yugoslavia was transmitted over short distances
only. The highest powered high-tension transmission line was an 80-kilovolt
line, which supplied the northern part of Slovenia with electric power from the
Fala Hydroelectric Plant on t.ie Drava River. Of 4,654 districts .(formerly called
opcina) in 1938, only 713, or 15 percent, were supplied with electric power.
The Five-Year Plan calls for the production of electric power to be increased
from 1.1 billion kilowatt-hours in 1939 to 4.35 billion kilowa?t-nours in 1951.
(T:iis figure will be revised because the equipment for most of the new plants.was
ordered from the Eastern Bloc countries. The equipment will be produced domesti-
cally which will cause a delay in plan fulfillment.) This increase is to be
achieved primarily through construction of hydroelectric plants, which are to
be put into operation after 1951.
Thermal power plants are to be constructed as supplementary installations,
primarily at mines, to utilize waste coal which cannot be transported long dis-
tances.
Industrialization currently under way all over Yugoslavia requires the con-
struction of large electric installations to insure a sufficient supply of
electric power for new factories. Electrification is also necessary for increas-
ing the work productivity and living standard of working people.
After the liberation, electric power production developed at a rapid rate,
increasing from 71 kilowatt-hours per capita in 1939 to 145 kilowatt-hours per
capita in 1949, an increase of 105 percent.
The increase of electric power production in the individual republics for
1939 - 1949 was as follows:
Republic
Production per Capita (kw-h)
193
1946
1947
1948
1949
Serbia
43
51
58
65
87
Croatia
90
72
110
114
136
Slovenia
240
330
400
615
620
Bosnia-Herzegovina
43
37
54
62
82
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Republic Production Per Capita kw-_h
1939 1946 19+7 1948 194
Mace@ania 7 16.5 19.5 24 28
0
Montenegro 1.5 1.7 1.9 3.2 1
Federal People's Re-
public 100 123 145
of Yugoslavia 71 75.5
Electric power consumption in Yugoslavia from 1946 - 1949 was as follows
(in million of kilowatt-hours):
Gen Consumption
in
Consumption of
l
t
T
Year
Cities and Vill
es
Industry and Mini
Power Plants
kw
h
li
a
o
Million kw-h
Million kw-h
on
-
Mil
1946
206
_
18
687
_
60
251
2
1
22
20
1,144
1
455
1947
262
18
902
62
9
16
,
2
007
1948
290
14.5
1,387
69
330
.5
1
,
186
2
1949
328
15
1,53Q
70
320
5
,
Prewar Yugoslavia had 790 electric power plants, most of them small plants
of local significance, which were utilized 2,250 hours annually, or 2.6 percent.
This low degree of plant utilization shows not only the low level of industrial-
ization but also the low level of connections between plants. The total length
of power lines was only 1,200 kilometers. Today, plants are utilized 4,400
hours annually, or over 50 percent.
Thirty-one hydroelectric plants called for by the Five-Year Plan are under
construction, with a total capacity of 785,575 kilowatts, which can produce an
average of 3,010,000,000 kilowatt-hours annually. These hydroelectric plants
are distributed as follows:
Republic
No of
Plants
Ca acct
duction
lli
A
g
mw
176,195
o
mi
625,680
Serbia
3
89,540
215,065
Croatia
Slovenia
5
131,600
795,500
Bosnita-Herzegovina
6
215,600
1,025,930
Macedonia
6
164,780
340,300
Montenegro
3
7,560
1x,132
Federal People's
Republic of Yugoslavia
31
785,575
3,013,577
The largest hydroelectric plants under construction are the Jablenica,
Mavrovo, Vlasina-Vrla, Vinodol, Mariborski Otok, Zvornik, and Vuzenica plants.
STAT
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r,
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Jablanica Hydroelectric Power Plant
STAT
At the bend of the Neretva River at Jablanica, where the natural drop of
the river is the strongest, a large concrete arch dam is being built downstream
from the mouth of the Rama River to increase the natural drop and create a
reservoir which will straighten out the Neretva. The area to be covered by the
reservoir is 1,438 hectares. The reservoir stretches from Jablanica to AConjic
and is about 25 kilometers long.
The average annual production of the Jablanica Hydroelectric Power Plant
is to be 758 million kilowatt-hours. The plant is scheduled to be put into
operation in 1952.
Mavrovo Hydroelectric Power Plant
Mavrovsko Polje, through which the Mavrovo River flows, and which is about
1,200 meters above sea level, is to be flooded for a reservoir so the gap at
Mavrov Han, through which the Mavrovo River also flows, is to be closed by a dam.
The flooded area will amount to 1,300 hectares.
The Radika River will also be channeled into the reservoir.
The average annual production of the Mavrovo Hydroelectric Power Plant is
to be about 300 million kilowatt-hours. It is scheduled to be put into opera-
tion in 1952.
Vlasina-Vrla Hydroelectric Power Plant System
Vlasinsko Blato (seasonal lake), which is about 1,200 meters above sea
level and through which the Vlasina River flows, is to be made a reservoir by
closing the mountain gap through which the Vlasina flows.
Since the Vlasina River does not have enough water to fill the large reser-
voir, the Cermernik and Strvna streams will be channeled into the reservoir.
The Bozica River, which is lower than the reservoir, will also be channeled into
it. The reservoir will cover 12,000 hectares of unproductive land.
Water from the reservoir will be utilized by four installations, one below
the other, which constitute the Vlasina-Vrla Hydroelectric Power Plant System.
Zvornik Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Zvornik Hydroelectric Power Plant will be constructed on the Drina
River in Mali Zvornik. A dam is under construction in the river bed. The
flooded area will cover 810 hectares. The plant is scheduled to begin operation
in 1952. It is to supply western Serbia, Belgrade, part of the Vojvodina, and
eastern Bosnia with electric puwer.
Vinodol Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Vinodol reservoir will be formed by shutting off the Lokvarka River
at Lokve in Gorski Kots.r with an earth dam. The second phase of construction
calls for another reservoir close to the Lokvarka basin. These two reservoirs
will be connected. The Vinodol Hydroelectric Power Plant is supposed to begin
operation in 1951.
Maribor Island Hydroelectric Power Plant
The first generator unit of the Maribor Island Hydroelectric Power Plant
was put in operation in 1948.
5
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Vuzenica Hydroelectric Power Plant
The Vuzenica Hydroelectric Power Plant, located on the Drava River, down-
stream from the Dravograd Hydroelectric Power Plant, is the first of three hydro-
electric plants planned for the Drava River between Dravograd and Fala.
Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant ?
A dam is under construction at the Moste Hydroelectric Power Plant, to shut
off the Sava River in Kavcka Klinura (defile). In 1951, during the first phase
of construction, the plant is to produce 68 million kilowatt-hours of power.
This plant is to supply poser principally to industry.
Medvodje Hydroelectric Power Plant
Installations of the Medvodje Hydroelectric Power Plant are located on
opposite banks of the Sava River, with a dam between them. The average annual
production is to be 95 million kilowatt-hours. The plant is scheduled to be in
operation in 1951,
Other hydroelectric plants under construction are the Ovcar-Banja, Medjuvrsje,
Raska, Seljasnica, Zavrelje, Ozalj II, Jajce II, Sapuncica, Pesocani, Dosnica,
Glava Zete, Slap Zete, and Slap Une plants.
Hydroelectric power plants planned include the Rama, Jajce I, Vlasina-Vrla
III, Vlasina-Vrla IV, Crvene Vode, Kokin Brod, Cetina, etc.
To date, hydroelectric power plants which have been put in operation are
the Maribor Island, Savica, Bogatici, Mesici, Vlasenica, Sokolovica, Zrnovi,
and Musovica Rijeka plants. Some of these plants are operating with only one
generator unit. The total average annual production of these hydroelectric
plants approximates 225 million kilowatt-hours.
Since the construction of dams is a special problem in building hydro-
electric power plants, earth dams are being constructed wherever possible in-
stead of concrete.
Thermal power plants are being built primarily where fuel is available as
a reserve. Supplementary plants are under construction where rivers do not
supply enough water and where technical and economic reasons require such con-
struction.
Two types of heating plants are planned, one type to supply large in-
dustrial areas or cities with thermal power and a smaller type intended to sup-
ply power to small industrial combines or large factories.
Newly planned thermal power plants and heating plants are being standardized
to make planning and construction easier.
Four large thermal power plants are under construction in Kakanj, Lukavac,
Sostanj, and Kolubara, respectively. All these plants are located near coal
mines; Kakanj is near a brown-coal mine, while the others are near lignite mines.
The Kakanj Thermal Power Plant will be equipped to utilize coal waste which
previously could not be utilized.
STAT
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 Thermal power plants are distributed in Yugoslavia as follotis:
Republic
No of
Plants
Out
ut
p
Annual Production
Serbia
2
85.5
,million kw-h)
384
Croatia
1
14.8
60
Slovenia
1
80
360
Bosnia-Herzegovina
3
107.5
493
Macedonia
2
6.3
25
Montenegro
2
3
13.25
Federal People's
Republic of Yugo-
Heating plants are planned for Ljubljana, Zagreb, Belgrade, Varazdin, Brod,
and Zrenjanin.
Of 11 thermal power plants under construction, five have been put in opera-
tion at Kostolac, Medjari, Bitolj, Plevlja, and Kotor, respectively.
The Zenica, Subotica, Aleksinac, Zvecane, Zvezdan, Vreoc, and Bor plants
are being enlarged and several plants are being installed which were received
as reparations.
High-tension transmission lines of 110,000 volts are being utilized for
the high power networks, such as the Maribor Island, Fels, Dravograd, Velenje,
Lasko, Rajhenburg, and Zagreb power plants.
High-tension transmission lines of 35,000 volts, with 10/35-kilovolt trans-
former stations, are used to connect power plants of medium capacity and to
supply industries, cities, and large consumers.
To date, 110,000-volt high-tension transmission lines which have been put
in operation temporarily at lower voltages are the Zagreb-Karlovac; Kakanj-
Zenica-Doboj-Lukavac; Belgrade-Kostolac-Bor; Petrovac-Svetozarevo; Zemun-Novi
Sad; and Skoplje-Titov Veles lines; and the lines from the Tito-Lozovac Hydro-
electric Plant, the Plave-Doblar-Ljubljana power system, and the Mariborski
Otok-Strnisce-Varazdin system.
High-tension transmission lines of 110,000 volts under construction are
the Tito-Mostar-Jablanica-Sarajevo; Karlovac-Vinodol; Svetozarevo-Nis-Vlasina;
and Svetozarevo-Rankovicevo lines. Transformer stations of 110/35 kilovolts
are being built at the junctions of these power lines.
Also under construction are 35,000-volt lines and 10/35-kilovolt-transformer
stations, some of which have already been completed and put in operation.
fA-ppended maps and graph follow
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STAT
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ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
IN YUGOSLAVIA
Under Coesiiu ction
Year 1945 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951
Wn 240 200 450 550 600 900
cwa cI.O
111"Irrh? C...+-.led jib b.
High-Tension Transmission Line
Construction
(110 Kv)
STAT
1 -
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50X1-HUM
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0
{1) Drsir----e ere- of the Soca Rive: I'vithin
Yugoslav boundaries)
(2) Dra;aage area of the Sava River (from its
source to the mouth of the )Wpa River)
(3) Drainage area of the Drava River
(4) Coastal rivers
(5) Coastal rivers
(6) Drainage area of the Vrbas River
(7) Drainage area of the Cetina River and
enclosed karat fields
(8) Drainage area of the Roane River
(9) Drainage area of the Eeretva River
(10) Drainage area of the Drina River
(11) Drainage area of the Lim River
(12) Hydrocenter in Montenegro
(13) Danube - Djerdjap (I-on Gate, Yugoslav part)
(14) Drainage area of the Morava River
(15) Drainage area of the Vardar River
(16) Drainage area of the Drim River (within
Yugoslav boundaries)
a~r
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STAT