MEASURES FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT IN RUMANIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700080359-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 9, 2011
• Sequence Number: 359
• Publication Date: September 15, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CC.u'IJM+iSAT.
CI;?CLTQbx'T) OTI01
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOC'?JMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY Rumania
SUB2ECT c?.S:oroult, - Agriculture
HOW
PUBLISHED Daily newsnar..ern
ubifrnr _
rn lrc
PUBLISHED Bucharest
DATE
PUBLISHED 1 - 29 Jun 1952
1ANGUAGE Puuzian
~~ ~, , .--` f:q. f.l.. IC ? ? .lllC l..C lr. '1?IIMaL C..lMb[~~
1%L1-urt 1
Cn tin
DATE OF
DATE D)IST. S sip 1952
NO. OF PAGES 5
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
?rEAflllES FOR CROP X OVEHM IN RUMANIA
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A decree of the Council of Ministers and of the Central Committee of the
Rumanian Workers, Party, published on 6 June 1952, specifies easuree to be taken
for the impro'vtment of crops. These measures, known as the agramiinim=, incla$e
weeding, cultivation, thinning of plants, artificial pollination, use of .fertili-
xer, irrigation, destruction of insects, and other methods. Artificial pollina-
tion of rye, corn, and sunflowers is required. Cotton is to be cultivated five
times, and sunflowers, potatoes, and corn at least tbree.(l)
The value of cultivation and weeding was shown the peasant. It was etetod
that each cultivation of corn could add 400-500 kilograms per hectare to the
yield. w;j three cultivations of afield of corn would add 1,200-1,500 kilograms
per hectare of production. Artificial pollination would increase this still
sore. For exaaple, a collective in I9s.eras, Bihar Region, achieved 4,000 kilo-
grasa of corn per hectare in 1951. Constant cultivation enabled a collective
in COeorani, Ialoml.ts Region, to produce 3,200 kilograms per hectare in 1951
despite dt.(2)
An examination of the dune 1952 Bu an.+.an press gives some basis for judg-
ment as, to the success ox' failure of the egrominis .. According to one source,
'aurpriso raids' were carried out by committees sponsored by Scantsis. Official,
organ of the party, Romania IS orgea of the peoples esuncils, s, by local news-
a
rs.
fir
Th
p
pe
.
e
s% "aids took p o in Cluj,.Iasi, Dol3, Ialomita, fi'eleorasn,
laor.s, gad Bihor ragio:.-, Anplicttion of the agromininnm was found to. be un-
stti*factarP, on the whole.. tarty organizations in Teleorman, Islonita, and
other regions were called to tales for poor support. Various kulaks were singled
out as saboteurs. Colsmittees distributed pamphlets in various regions to ex-
plwin she Isipoikence of the agrominimnm. In Dolj Region the investigating com-
wittee found .t-Eat'new methods: of planting and seeding were neither umder-
atood"nor properly applied. Peapants persisted in using their old aetkads. On
eollectivea.uLlerecondsitions could be controlled, yields of 2,000 kilogramu of
t and 3,050 kilograms of barley were expected, while on private holdings
only 1,?.O0 t1ograme of wheat and 1,500 kilograms of barley could be expected.(3)
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A second cultivation of plants vas being carried out in Arad, T'.niscara,
Bihor, and Bucharest regios.a, but wcs neglected in Con; Tanta, Bmcau, S~;.os ni,
eind'Ybteorr n-regions, coeaittees ze rted (2) early in June. By 21 June
"treats"'(t t ) and state farms in Buthnreat, Constants, Cal.sti, an3 Iasi
Regions bed finished cultivation and weed ng.(k) At the eul of the mouth
S is?? reported that rmsny executive committees of people'e cour.:i.1:, sa B5ceu,
~tlss' fo11, W.Wasni, and lath regions had failed to mobilize pe n.:nts nod
laud ----t : to ..each thu . ^.I? ..`~.~ ..o:d .,..G.. Cet
Baia Aura Region
Application of the agroninimum in datu rare B yon -.`an not nucc"Uful up to
15 .:rne. Thirteen out of 18 commune had not used ncu methods at all. In no
effort to inprora the situation au`..heritice declared that ;:; Ya:,:nt wla de---
mitted. his fields to beco-ne overgrown with weeds would be avclared a kule-k.(6)
C1_~:? ,sn
Ar&A Region
On 8 June conferences were held in 19 co:nmmes and on nine collective far"
to give peasants a be+?ter knowledge of the agrnmininaea.(8)
poij Region
Ca.-aea1 Rayon aeplied the sgreni.nisum suczessfully.(9) By 14 June the rayon
bed cultivated its entire corn crop twice and other crops po tially for the
second time. Beans, potatoes, and sunflowers were cultivated 50 percent for the
secon$ time.(t0) Aranteia point-ed out, however, that some corn had failed to
grog at all because-
ecause of faulty application of the new methods.(11) Corabia Rayon
reported good reaults.(]2) By the end of June, 1,002 hectares of harvested area
had been eeatubbled.(13)
Cropm were neglected in Teleormaia Region. New techniques were not used.
Ci tivation was far in arrears. First cultivation of corn vas .incomplete. Seccmd
eulti"tion.in some areas had, barely begun. Sunflovern were not cultivated in
aoaae sections. The cultivation and weeding of cotton, sugar heeds, sued other
itedustrial plants were far beyond schedule.(14)
The agrominimtea in Rucharest region as a whole was eeatisfactorT.(15) 0ltenita
'C I6), diurgiu (7.7), and ileeti. (18) rayons reported good'resulte. Tbe.Snsgov
area was far. behind, however; (19).
- 2 -
C0IDlTDSIP V X.
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11rahova Re on
-'s`he entire Ploemti Rayon finished cultivation of Winter and spring crops.
A second cultivation ,as carried out on 968 hectares of corn and 3?3 hectares
of canflo;r^_rs. Other expects of the agu?cminimum have been ignored by pennants.(20)
VF!7c~~?~ Rnnin+~
In Rn mica!-Va1ce P.n ion cultivation made good pro? roan. Ryo t;:..o crti-
ficielly ,pollinized and fruit trees sprayed against ca'cereilluro.(21)
ores Region
Approximately 70,000 collectivists and working peasants in core than 200
ccnmunit1 a in nhe^r;hleni, Ludus, T,rgil-?=lures, and Tarnnveni rayons F,erticinnted
in discussions of new agricultural methodb and the agrominimun.(22) The et-o-
minimur in the Mures valley included crop rotation, fertilizers and use of
fallow arca .(23) Cultivation and other methodr in argul-Puree and Ludus rayons
proved succeseful.(24) By 10 June- 97 percent of the agricultural area in T'ergul-
Hures and Ludue rnyonu use cultivated once, and about cee third hod b--.n culti-
ve.ied tJ1ce. 1?cT.-'vv` ?.!,.e n nrA S. -'.u1- .----- da
Rhegin, only one third of the grain area had been cultivated. In one community
of Sangeorgiul-de-Padure only 10 percent had been cultivnted.(20)
Bucea va Region
The agrominimum was not applied successfully in Campulung-Moldovenesc and
Suceava rayors.(25)
Botcgani Region
Cultivation of crops was behind schedule in Botosani Region no of 11 June.
First cultivation was only 49 percent completed, and second cultivation Iran only
5 percent completad.(26) Manure was used widely in Dorohoi Rayon.(27)
Iasi Re oa
Application of the egrominimum in Iasi Region was led by 40 teachers from
the Agronomical Institute of Iasi. Seven hundred men worked directly under their
supervision. Inspections by committees shoved that the agrominlaum was success=
fully applied. law methods had been under investigation by the institute- since
1950. The institute proved that 4,111 kilograms per hectare of corn could be
produced where shallow disk destubbling was used instead of plowing. This
method led to yields of 2;167 kilograms per hectare of winter wheat. Additional
use of-fertilizer by the institute resulted in an additional 809 kilograms per
hectare of winter wheat. By using 30,000 kilegraras of fertilizer per bectnre,
yields of 5,198 kilograms of corn were obtained.(28) The agroainimum was re-
ported to be satisfactory in Codeesti Rayon.(29)
5 arlad Re on
Artificial pollination was introduced throughout the region. State farms
in Bogdana,'Lisa, and Zcrleni devoted 30 hectares each to experiments' with'
artificial pollination, manure, and'chemical fertilizers. State farms In
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Fd ri 3 uaa 17.. eetta.as each; ihonc +n ;v;pirtnn} 102 hectares e_acliyand those
in edti". i Criseati. 81k
?, ?? ++. wwa, os2'Kl,' Llra Ufleni,
2agee tollavreei suit.(30) In Sealed R6eyon, '?ocoad cultivation of
case sud s`uilSrtomra, oad ariEf'lcal po11ination of rye 'w re caizied o11t;(31)
pss8 bown itll_ate.s found to be 1igging behe.nd, hetrever. u Pseple?a Cotincii
of 10ex7a8 Rama dIeco red that the cowu*3ty of Ivesti heed eubaittad falue
iacoade. Mete records stated that th entire atntloc-er area had been cu7Ai-
este7l: R9wii?er,.a spot cbech resealed tie; '1org ?~a,~ pro cces awn with
creeela: 1(h1ths' had interfered iat the r-pair of machinery. the agrt ni had
not been applied at all end peasants had ignored propsig&anda brochu=a.(32)
In M n, F~xurei, G 7.oti, zd iulceo r jn t1ficial ?Oilinstionc;P~~ttainbegcn
by 13 J"e .(33) In so :. areas winter vheat was cultivn d a secon'
Tergu-Bnjor Rayon sunflovers sad corn verse cultivat-d according to plan. (34)
e? ,f ie e coven., v+.th c .w {~5i F' .c
+: =ii%cu "iuad in cultivation and other measures included ?in the agro_
~s1n1m c37)
Ialp~,ta Re~{ton
In Calarasi yon sunflowers vere cultivated for the tiaard t1e by 72 June.{35)
As wli~ra potatcaa , hen =Z,, ?,-d - ,
cons LM ta xis an
"BupglementaW artificial pollination Vag c:.-Tied out on. 258 hectares of
r3'e and 623 hectares of lucerne in Constants Rayon.(38)
1. RomaniaLibera, 6 Jun 52
2. Ibid., 3 Jun 52
3. ;yid., 1 Jun a_
~. Universul, 27 Jun 52
5. Bcanteie, 28 Jim 52
6. Romania Libera, 20 Jun 52
7. Bcanteia, io, ?8 Jun 52
6. 1toeatnia L1Dara, Id Jun 52
9. Ibid., 20 Jun? 52
1.0. Ibid., 14 Jun 52
1.1. Ocaatet# 2. Jun 52
12. Ibid., 16 Jun 52
13. Universul, 29 Jun 52
1$. Homaaia Libera, 17 Jun 52
15. Vista Capitalel, 6, 12 Jun 52
16. rhid.,.26 52
17. Ibld., 7, 22%, 52
18. Ibid.,-27 Jun 52
19 3bid., 9' Jun 52
20. >loelania Liber&, 10 Jun 52
21. 8cpnttle*, 18 Jun 52
22. 'Vista 8indicala, 8 Jun 52
23. Ibid., to Jun 52
21w. , RC ai.e Libi rt, 10, 18 Jura 52
25. Ibid., 11 Jun 52
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F
26. 4iniutteiu.;.7 dun 52
R7. ib141.,-10 Jhn 52
28. Rio. Liber , 7 Jim 52
2e. tesUia, 28 JJm 52
30. vittat sindical., 10 Jtm .rig
31. gdau it., ?7 Tan; ?cm=pie Lib r. 15 j= 1;2
32. Ibv?d., 17 Jim 52
33. Zbfd? 13 Jan 52
34. sci-nteia, 19 Jun 52
35. aoataia Libexa, 12 .flm 52
35. Gcenteim, 15 Jnn'52
i7p Ik sxie. Libv-:, 15 Jmu 52
38. Tbid., 17 Jas 52
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