DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FARM MACHINES IN THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700090224-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 11, 2011
• Sequence Number: 224
• Publication Date: October 31, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
Economic; Technological - Agricultural machine
building industry
HOW DATE DIST.31 Oct 1952
PQBUSHED(, nM ay periodical and daily newspaper
WHERE
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
NO. OF PAGES 9
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
[-Numbers in parentheses refer to appended sources
1952 Goa__ for Ministry
In 1951, the Ministry of Agricultural Machine Building increased the out-
put, as compared with 1950, of basic agricultural machines, including: grain
combineb (especially self-propelled combines), cotton pickers, tractor planters,
tractor cultivators, stubble-bottom plows, potato planters, potato diggers, self-
propelled movers, tractor movers, and a number of other machines and implements.
Much has been accomplished in the field of mechanization, and in the third
quarter 1951, 40 constaLt-flow lines, 45 assembly conveyers, and 25 intershop
conveyers were put into operation, and a great number of machine tools were
converted to high-speed cutting methods.
The main administrations for producing combines, cultivating machines,
and animal husbandry machines, and a considerable portion of the enterprises
producing other agricultural machines and implements fulfilled and exceeded
their 1951 plan.
In 1951, the agricultural economy received more than 54,000 combines,
29,000 of them self-propelled; 10,000 cotton pickers; and more than 2 million
other agricultural machines and implements.
In.1952, the agricultural machine building industry will be faced with the
task of organizing the production of new, modern machines, including: corn-
picking combines, silage combines, silage throwers, tractor two-gang bush and
'bog plcws, more productive universal cotton cleaners, and number of other
macnes. and implements.
The output of machines for mechanizing the c'?.ltivation of industrial
crops must be increased sharply. The production, even in small series, of
machines for mechanizing such tasks as sowing onions, prnning.tea, etc. .15
very important.
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
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In 1952, plants of the Ministry of Agricultural Machine Building are to
build and put into operation 50 new conveyers, 80 constant-flow lines, a number
of automatic transfer machine lines, automatic temperature control instruments,
and automatic control and sorting machines, and also to increase the number of
machine tools operating by high-speed methods.
Of special importance in fulfilling the 1952 plan is an increase in the
rate of output of existing production lines, and the creation of additional
lines for making the most important mass-produced parts, such as shares and mold-
boards for tractor plows, segments, bushings, pins, links, drum teeth, cultivator
teeth, and colters. With these additional lines, the plan for these parts can
be fulfilled and exceeded, and the demand for spare parts can be met.
In 1951 a number of plants of the Ministry of Agricultural Machine Build-
ing, including the Rostsel'mash Plant, the Stalino Plant imeni Oktyabr'skaya
Revolyutsiya, the Belinsksel'mash Plant, and the Frunze Plant imeni Frunze over-
consumed raw materials and fuel, showed considerable losses due to rejects, and
did not make full use of the modern machinery with which they were equipped.
Some enterprises, although fulfilling and exceeding the gross production plan,
did not fulfill the state plan for the most important types of products.
In 1952, the industry must devote special attention to fulfilling the plan
for the assigned products list and variety of types, and must not permit the
antistate practice, followed by some enterprises, of exceeding the gross produc-
tion plan by turning out secondary products above the plan, and at the same
time failing to carry out the assignment for the production of the most impor-
tant types of output,(1)
Failures of New Farm Machine Designs
In 1951, plant design bureaus and VISKhOM (All-Union Institute of Agricul-
tural Machine Building) developed about 250 different designs for agricultural
machines, and more than 180 of these designs were presented for state testing.
More than 400 models of new machines made by organizations of the Ministry of
Agricultural Machine Building were tested at USSR machine experimental stations
in the 1951 season. More than 30 designs were recommended for experimental or
large-series production.
Among the machines recommended for production were: tractor-mounted culti-
vator-fertilizers for sugar beet, kok-sagyz, and other crops, for use with U-2
and KDP-35 tractors; planters for checkrow planting of potatoes and for ordinary
planting of vernalized potatoes; new nsrrov-xcw grain drills; a tractor reaper
for hemp, Indian mallow (kanatnik), and jute; and tea-picking and pruning
rz chines .
Machines developed in former years were also tested, including: the Stalinets-
8 trailer combine, the SKhP-2.1 pneumatic cotton picker; the KU-2 corn-harvest-
ing combine; the SK-1.2 silage combine, and tractor and horse kok-sagyz planters.
Special machines for new crops have been recommended for production, in-
cluding machines for planting and harvesting peanuts and rice.
Along with the successes achieved in 1951, there were very serious short-
comings in the work of the Special Design Bureau, the State Special Design
Bureau for Cotton, and VISKhOM. Chief among these were the lack of sufficient
coordination between the special design bureaus at plants and VISKhOM; delays
in the development of plans, procrams, and methodology; lack of the proper
technical criticism of machine projects and the lack of socialist criticism
between individual special design bureaus and VISKhOM in building new machines.
These shor'comings are responsible for the low percentage of new designs that
are suitable for mass production. In 1950, only 37.5 percent of the machines
tested were accepted for production, and in 1951 the anticipated percentage will
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be slightly above 40 percent. Because of this high rejection rate, projects for
very important machines, such as a grain combine for northern regions, a combine
for new bast crops, and a set of machines for picking and cleaning cotton har-
vested after the frosts, have been put aside year afer year.
The 1952 plan calls for 240 projects directly related to the planning of
new machines, The keystone of this plan is the designing of machines that will
mechanize the growing of industrial, kok-sagyz, cotton, and bast crops; and of
the basic food and fodder crops. sugar-beet, corn, potatoes
crops. , and vegetable oil
A considerable increase in work on machines for electrified farms, irriga-
t-on farming, shelter belt cultivation, turning over virgin soil, mechanizing
the harvest of grain crops, and fodder procurement and processing is also provided
for.
Also planned is a large group of new machines for industrial crops, among
them planters for square hill-drop planting of corn and potatoes, cultivators
for between-row and between-hill tilling of young crops, and new harvesting
machines for corn, sunflower, castor plants, peanuts, sesame, sugar beets,
cotton. tobacco, kok-sagyz, hops, and teaX hemp, Indian mallow (kanatnik), jute, mint, lavender, or her
-vestin
tal
eavy- strawCstackersombines
a strawgc mpress r,' an std
harvesting machine, highly and
p-
pro-
ductive blowers for delivering grain to the threshing floor and highly
ing and grain-drying aggregates should also be built. ' Brain-cleamec
ry,
roduct sweepFrakes,, hayhstackers,, rickerss,,lharvesters forgrootpf ddericr)ps, mi, rs es,
malted and steamed fodder, silage rammers and unlDaders, fodder- rem' mixers for
aggregates, and a set of machines for fodder sheds on animal husbandryifarms
are needed.(2)
Work of Cultivator-Planter Ente ,rises
Cultivating and planting machine plants of tae Ministry of Agricultural
Machine Building exceeded the 1951 production plan and raised commodity out-
put 25 percent. A considerable increase in output, compared with 1950, was
ac;,ieved in the most important types of products: tractor plows, tract :
planters, and cultivators; 385,000 cultivating and planting machines were
produced in 1951.
In 1951, 35 types of new and improved machines were put into production
and marls of more than 100 experimental machines were built.
The Altaysel'mash Plant and the Rostov-on-Don Krasnyy Aksay Plant worked
well in 1951.
Although the Ch irch iksel 'mash and Uzbeksel'mash plants, failed to
fulfill the plan for their products list, they improved their work in comparison
with 1950. The Chircbixsel'mash Plant made up its deficit in the production
of universal ditchers at the end of 1951. The Uzbeksel'mash Plant fulfilled
the plans for sprayers and tractor-mounted ditchers.
At the same time, a number of plants failed to fulfill the plan for the
products list: the Tashsel'mash Plant imeni Voroshilov failed'to fulfill the
plan for four types of machines, the Ryazsel'mash Plant faile,' c fulfill the
plan for four types of machines including cultivators, and the Belinsksellmash
Plant failed to fulfil the plan for cigbt types of machines, including tractor
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planters. The Belinsksel'mash Plant should take decisive measures to eliminate
machine tool stoppages, violations of labor discipline, and deviations from
established technological practice.
I the field of new technology, the Rostov-on-Don Krasnyy Aksay Plant has
mechanized the cultivator shop and
int
Altaysel'mash Plant has mechanized theut ploweframrshope cshop, usonveyers ing into electric operation; the
contact
and other equipment; the Krasnaya z pvezda Plant has set up conveyers for assem-
bling Fiae boxes and dlskcolters, and has organized the productioi ' extra-hard
iruu; and the Ryazsel'mash plant has set up and put into operation painting-
drying conveyers.
In 1951, the following equipment was put into operation at cultivating
and planting machine plants, 22 conveyers, 39 constant-flow lines, five inter-
shop conveyers, 35 combination machine tools, ran high-frequency-current units,
and 12 electrical erosion units,
The Altaysel'mash Plant and the Stalino Plant imeni Oktyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya
failed to put shot-blasting units into operation and the Stalino Plant imeni
Oktyabr'skaya Revolyu;siya has not completely organized intermittent rolling of
chisel-shaped shares.
A number of plants are not controlling the quality of finished products.
At the Belinsksel'mash Plant, losses due to rejects have risen to 4.5 percent
of the cost of the finished product and losses due to rejects in the gray-
iron foundry are as high as 20 percent, finished planters have been returned
for repair because of careless handling and faulty welding of units at the
Belinsksel mash Plant.
At the Dnepropetrovsk Plant imeni Voroshilov, the number of complaints
and the losses due to rejects have increased in 1951 as compared with 1950
because the Division of Technical Control failed to fulfill its function, and
because technical improvements were not carried out.
The quality of finished products has improved and the number of complaints and
losses due to rejects have been reduced at the Plant imeni Oktyabr'skaya
Revolyutsiya,
In 1952, plants of Glavpochvomash fNs;n Admin'stration of Cultivating
Machines) face increased obligations. The pr,dcct'on plan is 118 percent, the
plan for tractor p14ntors is lit P. .?^~F.,t
111.3 percent of the lob T ?'^d the of an for tractor cultivatcre is
elan. The production nlan for cultivators for the Rostov-on-Don
Krasnyy Aksay plant has been more than doubled. The Rostov-on-Don,Krasgyy Aksay Plant
is to convert its basic shops to the mass production of new, wider cultivators
in 1952.
The Kirovograd Krasnaya Zvezda Plant must build a series of machines for
sowing onions and kok-sagyz, and build "gumbrinovaya" planters; the Rostov-on-
Don Krasnyy Aksay Plant must build a three-section forest cultivator; the
Stalino Plant imeni Oktyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya must build a two-gang bush
and bog plow, and also tractor-mounted plows; and the Ryazsel'mash Plant must
produce potato planters for square hill-drop planting.
In 1952 there should be further :ch L1zation of labor-consuming tasks.
The Altaysel'mash Plant and the Stalino Plant imam Oktyabrskaya Revolyutciya
should set up automatic lines for producing shares and moldboards; the Kirovograd
Krasnaya Zvezda Plant should convert to automatic methods of producing metal
ware; plow plants should adopt intermittent rolling; and the Rostov-on-Don Krasnyy
Aksay Plant should adopt semiautomatic welding under a layer of flux and a unit
for electric hardening of the working members of cultivators,
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Best production results are obtained by those plants, such as the Rostov-
on-Don Krasnyy Aksay and Altaysel'mash plants, which fulfill their daily norms,
and as a result, frequently place first in socialist competitions. On the
other hand, enterprises like the Belinsksei'mash and Ryazsel'mash plants, which
fail to fulfill their norms on the very first days of the month, often fail to
fulfill their monthly norms for the products list of agricultural machines and
spare parts. -- N. A. Sarkisov. Chief of Glavpochvomash, Ministry of Agricul-
tural Machine Building USSR (3)
Quality in Agricultural Machine Building
The Plants of the Ministry of Agricultural Machine Building still devote
insufficient attention to the quality of their products, In 1951, 11.2 percent
of the finished machines were returned to plants of the ministry by consumers
for correction of defects. The percentage of rejects in ntermediate operations
was also intolerably high.
Ministry plants had the following percentages of defective castings:'
Lyubertsy Plant imeni Ukhtomskiy, 7,3; Rostsel'mash Plant, 6.7; Gomsel'mash Plant,
11; Ryazsel mash Plant, 6,7; Belinsksel'mash Plant, 13.2; Uzbeksel'mash Plant,
10.1; and the Kurgansel'mash Plant, 11.1. In 1951, ministry plants received a
number of complaints from consumers, testifying to the lack of rigid inspection
and unsatisfactory work of the divisions of technical ccntrol at the plants.
The great demand for spare parts can be accounted for not only by the heavy
work load during the season, but also by the insufficient wear resistance of
working parts, and of other parts and mechanisms which are subject to wear. For
this reason, scientific research institutions, special design bureaus, and
Ministry of Agricultural Machine Building plants should study the wear resistance
of parts and review the technical basis of consumption norms for spare parts.
Defects in agricultural machines are mainly attributable to the following
causes:
1. Violation of the prescribed technological process for making the part
or the machine as a whole,
2. Deviations from the dimensions, tolerances, and specifications indicated
in the blueprints,
3. The absence of strict control over each operation involved in making
parts and assembling units and machines,
In July 1951, the Ministry of Agricultural Machine Building set up rules
for developing and confirming technological processes, and rules for checking
on the observance of technological discipline in plants. These rules require
a fixed technological ?rocess for every part of a machine and forbid deviations
or arbitrary changes. However, the rules for working out the technological
process are still inadequate,
In July 1951, rules for confirming blueprints for agricultural machines and
their parts were also set up. In these rules, the ministry prohibited any
changes in the established blueprints of a series-produced article unless the
change would improve the part or the process. Any such changes must be reported
within a certain period on a special form.
Blueprints for agricultural machines lack exhaustive data on the qualitative
indexes of parts, or if they have such data, it is not expressed in concrete
terms. For example, the blueprints for the S-h self-propelled combine, drawn
up by the Special Design Bureau of the Novaya 'rule: Plant, lack specifications
(for some of the parts) defining the qualitative indexes of elements making up
the parts.
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In many cases, the blueprints lack linear tolerances for the basic dimensions
of parts, and unit blueprints are drawn without taking into account dimensional
relationships and tolerances., This makes it impossible for workers of the OTK
(D.,rision of Technical Control) to maintain full control of the dimensions of
each individual part, and, as a result, individual parts with incorrect dimensions
complicate or make impossible uninterrupted assembly of units.
Specifications for agricultural machines are often unclear or obsolete. These
specifications should be reviewed and their qualitative indexes made more ex-
plicit and more binding.
At OTK are not sufficiently exacting about the observance of qualitative norms.
some enterprises, the OTK is not fully equipped with control and measuring
instruments. For example, the Kazaksel'uash Plant has only 86 percent of the
control and measuring instruments necessary for the inspection of GPT-14.5
tractor rakes, the Gomsel'mash Plant has only 80 percent of the instruments re-
quired to inspect RSS-6 chaff and silo cutters, and the L'vovsel'mash plant
'gas only 65 percent of the instruments needed for inspecting the EK-05 fodder
steamer.
Measuring standards are not always properly checked. There have been cases
where gauge blocks were checked with an ordinary micrometer. The personnel of
the OTK is not always fully trained, and classes for raising their qualification
have not been organized.
However, faulty machines cannot always be attributed to control units, since
they sometimes result from poor designing. Designers should think out in ad-
vance the productive processes for each part and even each element of the
machine. In the production process, the drive for quality should start with con-
trol of the initial material, and be followed through with checks on the accuracy
of equipment, patterns, stamps, fittings, tools, and measuring equipment. The
plant control and measurements laboratories should play a greater .-rt in this
work,(4)
Wider Use of New Production nProcesres
The use of special and combinaticn machine tools in the production of agricul-
tural machines has increased the potential output of pa"ts, improved their quality,
and reduced their labor consumption.. For example, at :he Vorone zhse 1 'mash Plant,
the use of a multispindle, automatic machine tool spesded up the machining of
cylinders for grain cleaners and graders seven to eig,it times. The Altaysel'mash
Plant has adopted the design of an electric contact unit for heating parts, such
as beams for tractor plows, prior to bending.
The Rostsel 'mash, Ryazse]'me h, And Altaysel'mash plants use electric contact
heating in the stamping of metalwsre, At the Tashsel'rash Plant, iron-ceramic
bushings, replacing bronze bushings, are used in cotton pickers. The Kharkov
Serp i Molot Plant shot blast hardens valve springs for the U5M combine engine.
High-frequency current units are widely used for hardening parts, and are
used exclusively in the hardening of cutting elements.
Since 1948-19949, electric riveting has been used in combine production, in-
creasing productivity eight to ten times compared with mechanical riveting.
New production materials developed by scientific research work are being
used, including: three-ply steel for moldboards, iron-ceramic material for
bushings, glued wood for trailer combine beds, and other materials.
The Stalin- plant tmeni 0ktavabr'ska,ro Revolvutsiya now rolls sheet iron
directly from fm-olte2 iron. The use of machine molding has been increased con-
siderably at all enterprises of the mi' .ry The Taganrog Plant produces stamped hook
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chains from steel strip. At the Frunze Plant imeni Frunze, cylinders for grain
cleaners and graders are now stamped out of steel.
In many foundries, the output of castings is limited by the capacity of the
cleaning department. Moreover, shot-blast cleaning units have not ev:n been
completed at the Altaysel'mash and Rostsel'mash plants, the Taganrog Combine
Plant, and the Stalino Plant imeni Oktyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya.
The Tula Combine Plant has not yet started casting iron parts in permanent
molds. The Pervomaysk Plant has not set up a unit for preheating air for cupola
furnaces in making shovel iron.
Electric contact units for heating parts prior to stamping and bending are
not fully utilized at the Stalino Plant imeni Oktyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya, the
Tula Combine Plant, and other plants.
Metal-cutting equipment
making insufficient uset of is
cunot tters l with mechanically iattached harrd-alloyts
elements.
Technological measures promoting greater wear resistance of agricultural
machines should be used in production. These include the use of modified and
superhard iron; the production of stamped and welded thin-walled parts; better
heat treatment of cutting parts -- shares, cultivator sweeps, shovels, and
points, and harvester knife sections; hardenin. of iron Parts; coating cutting
parts with hard alloy; replacing nonferrous metals with iron-ceramic materials;
and improving welded joints by using automatic and semiautomatic welding.(5)
Plan Failure in Forage Machine Buildin.
In the postwar period, the output of machines for preparing forage and for
mechanizing labor-consuming tasks in animal husbandry has increased more than
eight times compared with 1940.
In the first quarter of 1952, a conference of leading workers of plants and
special design bureaus of the Main Administration for the Production of Machines
foi Animal Husbandry was held, which, whole noting the growth in output, also
scored shortcomings in the work of the plants, the special design bureaus, and
the main administration.
Plants of the main administration showed tb,e following gains Lin 1951 over
19502: gross production, 33.2 percent; commodity output, 44 percent; agricultural
machine output, 49 percent; and output of ::pare parts for agricultural machines,
53.5 percent. Labor productivity increased 28 percent and production costs were
reduced 17.7 percent.
In 1951, 46 constant-flow lines were built; 7 conveyers, 66 special and
combination machine tools, and three high-frequency units were put into operation;
and the number of machine tools operating on high-speed cutting methods was in-40
nts of zationdin mixiugnmoldingeand corethmae
87.5e er ent;.in-
cleaning and cutting off castings, to 911.5 percent; and the proportionofnmachine
molding, t 86 percent. More than 2,000 workers took part in the rationalization
program and the calculated savings resulting from their innovations amounted to
more than 20 million rubles.
However, in the main administration as a whole, the 1951 production plan
was not fulfilled. Of 72 models of machines produced, the plan for 12 was not
fulfilled. The Kazakhsel'mash Plant, the Pervomaysk Plant, and the Frunze Plant
imeni Frunze have fallen far behind in their production quotas. A number of
plants have not yet provided dies, fittings, and tools for production (Gomsel'mash,
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Pervomaysk, and other plants). At many plants, the level of mechanization of
loading and unloading operations is very low; 28 percent in railroad transport,
and 11.2 percent in motor transport.
Measures for economizing on raw and other materials have not been carried
out. In 1951, the Frunze Plant imeni Frunze overconsumed 5.7 percent bar stock,
lh.5 percent coke, and 36 percent lumber; the Bezhetsksel'mash Plant overconsumed
bar stock 11.3 percent.
The percentage of gross production lost because of rejects was 2.1 percent,
and 10.7 percent of the machines had to be returned by representatives of the
Ministry of Agriculture to have defects corrected. The Frunze Plant imeni
Frunze, the Kazakhsel'mash Plant, and the Lyubertsy Plant imeni Ukhtomskiy have
permitted especially large losses due to rejects.
The special design bureaus of the main administration have fallen behind
schedule in building and presenting for state testing new machines, such as
hay stackers (Special Design Bureau, Lyubertsy Plant imeni Ukhtomskiy), end
silage combines (Special Design Bureau, Gomsel'mash Plant). These shortcomings
must be eliminated in 1952, and the Special Design Bureau of the Plant imeni
Ukhtomskiy must prepare for state testing models of lightened hay stackers,
both crane type and elevator type, sweep rakes, haystack wagons, and also hay
mowers for the DT-54 and KhTZ-7 tractors.
The Special Design Bureau of the Gomsel'mash Plant must build and present
for state testing a silage unloader, a silage mixer, fodder mixers, mobile
milking units for field milking, fodder mixers, mobile milking units for field
milking, fodder-processing aggregates for hog farms, and a number of other
machines for animal husbandry farms.
Plants of the main administration must increase gross production 20.2
percent, raise labor productivity 14 5 percent, and reduce production costs
17.6 percent. They must also organize the series production of nine machines
not formerly produced by the plants concerned, including well diggers for animal
husbandry farms, two-horse rakes, and tractor sweep rakes, and also prepare to
produce crane hay stackers.
and PThe Plan
and and
musti build Frunze
put ino z operation 'mash,
painting tandedrying,
aggregates. The Lyubertsy Plant imeni Uktomskiy and the Pervomaysk Plant
mutt build additional chambers for drying wood. The Plant imeni Frunze must
complete and put into operation a highly mechanized gray-iron foundry.
To enable the enterprises of the main administration to fulfill the 1952
plan, the branch conference decided to increase the number of machine tools
operating on high-speed methods, to raise the level of mechanization of work in
rail transport, to utilize the experience of the L'vovsel'mash Plant in auto-
matic welding at other plants, especially at the Lyubertsy Plant imeni
Ukhtomskiy, to take measures to promote widespread mechanization of hand tools,
to expand the products list of restorable tools, and to organize tool-grinding
shops at all plants.
Castings output must be improved by strict control of equipment and by or-
ganizing sections for salvaging defective castings, by using shotblast cleaning,
and by utilizing the experience of the Pervomaysk Plant in using manganiferous
ores instead of mirror iron.(6)
Enterprises of the Ministry of Agricultural Machine Building USSR are or-
ganizing the series production of a number of new machines for grain and indus-
trial crops in 1952.
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The Tula Combine Plant has started the production of an improved self-
propelled combine for harvesting tall-stalk grain crops, and will make hundreds
of these machines in 1952. The combines will harvest up to 2 hectares of grain
per hour.
At the same time, work it being carried out to improve all self-propelled
combines, especially in such operations as loading grain while in motion and
gathering chaff and straw by means of tractor-mounted stackers.
The Rostsel'mash Plant is preparing to series produce corn harvesters
which will snap off the ears of corn, husk them, and also chop the stalks and
pile them up at the edges of the field. This trailer harvester is pulled by
the EDP-35 ractor, harvests 0.6 hectare of corn per hour, and can be used with
row widths of 70 and 90 centimeters.
The Bezhetsksel'mash Plant has shipped large consignments of conplex_flax
threshers with a productivity of -~.5 tons of seeds per hour. The machine has
an automatic mechanism for feeding the sheaves and an improved seed-cleaning unit.
Among the new machines put out by ministry plants are a bush and bog harrow
and a vegetable planter.
In 1952, 200 new machines built by designers of the ministry will be field
tested.(7)
SOURCES
1. Moscow, Sel'khozmashi.na, No 1, Jan 1952
2. Ibid., No 2, Feb 1952
3. Ibid., No 3, Mar 1952
4. Ibid., No 5, May 1952
5. Ibid, No 6, Jun 1952
6. Ibid., No 7, Jul 1952
7. Leningrad, Leningradskaya Pravda, 5 Jul 52
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