CZECHOSLOVAK PLAN FULFILLMENT IN THE FIRST HALF OF 1952

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700090266-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 11, 2011
• Sequence Number: 266
• Publication Date: November 12, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION TRICTED
SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY Czechoslovakia
SUBJECT Economic - Plan fulfillment
HOW
PUBLISHED Daily newspaper
WHERE
PUBL!;,HED Prague
DATE
PUBLISHED 24 Jul 1952
LANGUAGE Czech
.1 .11 S-1.11 10 11-- IS
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1952
DATE DIST. /A, Nov 1952
NO. OF PAGES 9
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
CZECHCALCWAF PLAN FULFILIMENT IN THE FIRST HALF OF 1952
According to percentage plan fulfillment figures given in the
following official report on Czechoslovak plan fulfillment, the
Ministries of Chemical Industry and Heavy Machine Building, among
others,fulfilled their plans, for the first half of 1952, but the
Ministries of Fuel and Power, Metallurgical Industry and Ore Mining,
Construction Industry, and General Machine Building fell short. In
agriculture, the sowing and crop-purchase plans were not fulfilled,
and certain aspects of JZD and MTS activity were unsatisfactory.
The construction plan was fulfilled only 84.6 percent, and the
freiCht transportation plates; fell short. The plan for retail trade
turnover was fulfilled. The report emphasizes production increases
over 1951, despite the failures to meet the much higher goals of
the 1952 plan.
The Czechoslovak State Statistical office has issued the following report
on the fulfillment of the state economic plan in the first half of 1952?
In the first half of 1952 there was a further increase in industrial pro-
duction. The high plan goals, however, were not entirely fulfilled, primarily
in the plants of the various ministries of heavy industry, because government
decrees were not applied everywhere.
The gross-production plan for industry was fulfilled 98.5 percent in the
first half of 1952. The industrial plants of the ministries of heavy industry
fulfilled their plan 96.4 percent, those of the ministries of light industry
102.9 percent, and the plants of the Ministry of the Food Industry 97.7 percent.
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F
Plan
Fulfillment (%)
Fuel and Power
97.8
98.8
Chemical Industry
100.6
Heavy Machine Building
100.7
84.6
Light Industry
102.1
Food Industry
97.7
Construction Industry
95.5
Forestry and the Woodworking Industry
104.8
In the first half of 1952, industrial pro.uction increased 18 percent in
comparison with the same period in 1951. This increase amounted to 26.6 per-
cent in the plants of the ministries of heavy industry, 11.0 percent in those
of light industry, and 7.6 percent in the plants of the Ministry of the Food
Industry.
In comparisor. with the first half of 1951, the productivity of labor rose,
and the ratio between productivity and wages improved.
The output of certain important products in the first half of 1952 was
greater than in the first half of 1951, as the following table shows:
Product
Increase
Over 1951 (%)
Black coal
.6
Brown coal
9
Coke
5
Oil
58
Iron ore
14
Electricity
12
Pig iron
9
Raw steel
5
Rolled goods
8
Suspension cables
20
Diesel engines up to 100-mm bore
36
Locomotives
25
Freight cars with four or more axles
272
Construction machinery
110
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Increase
Over 1951 ('%)
Machinery for processing sheet metal
Electric mine winches
20
Freight elevators
44
Polysmide plastics
53
Tar 'dyes
227
Lac4uor resins
16
Lacquers and cil paints
283
Antip,'rine
20
Insulin
118
Cement
108
Fired bricks
4
Work clothes
13
Leather work shoes
51
Softwood D amber
10
Steiderriized kitchen suites
20
Standardized bedroom suites
23
Edible wheat milled products
24
Edible rye milled products
8
Bread
39
Wheat Laked goods
25
Raw oils
25
Synthetic edible fats
38
Bottled milk
16
Creamery butter
2
Preserved milk
12
Cigarettes
38
12
The production of a number of important products exceeded the plan in the
first half of 1952.
The plan was exceeded especially in brown. coal mining, petroleum extraction,
production of illuminating gas, nonferrous metals, special iron alloys, steel
tubing, refined bar steel, chains. leaf springs for wheeled vehicles, electric
light bulbs, grain binders, automatic threshing machines, freight cars with
four or more axles, synchronous turbocompressors, machinery and equipment for
blast furnaces and steel mills, electric mine winches, rake-type conveyers,
elevators, ter dyes, lacquer resins, and lacquers, as well as certain drugs,
such as insulin, penicillin, antitetanus serums, and inoculation agents: rub-
ber and leather shoes, furniture, paper: finished lino,part-linen, and wool
fabrics; wheat and rye milled products, bread, candies, fruit and vegetable
products, edible oils, synthetic edible fats, preserved milk, and other prod-
ucts.
Although the successes achieved in plan fulfillment and the development
of production were considerable, they were insufficient to insure the quick
growth of industrial production as the plan provides.
The Ministry of Fuels and Power fulfilled its plan for the production of
black coal only 96 percent, because not all the tasks laid down in party and
government resolutions on measures to increase coal output and labor produc-
tivity were accomplished. Also, responsible for this poor showing was the lack
of intensive effort to introduce new methods of work organization, such as the
cyclic gravh system, as well as the failure fully to utilize mechanical equip-
ment. Excessive absenteeism also interfered with plan fulfillment.
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The coke production plan was not fulfilled becausc the black-coal extrac-
tion plan was not met.
Although the electric power production plan was fulfilled in the first half
of 1952, supplies of electricity had to be limited because of a large number of
breakdowns of equipment as well as uneven consumption of current. Another fac-
tor was insufficient economy in the use of power, both by factories and by house-
holds. Delays in the construction of electric power plants and in the comple-
tion of general repairs increased the difficulties.
The Ministry of the Metallurgical Industry and Ore Mines did not meet the
production plans for pig iron, raw steel, and rolled goods. The main cause of
this was the insufficient application of all the provisions of the resolution
of the Communist Party and the government on measures to increase production
in the metallurgical industry. Delays in bringing new production capacity into
operation had a considerable influence on plan fulfillment in several plants.
The Ministry of Heavy Machine Building, although it exceeded its plan in
several products, failed to fulfill the plan in a number of important specific
areas.
The Ministry of General Machine Building also failed to fulfill its pro-
duction plan in some important products.
In the plants of the Ministry of the Chemical Industry the planned produc-
tion level was attained or exceeded in the majority of products. Nonfulfill-
ment of. the production plans for certain products was caused either by failure
to maintain proper technological procedures in production, or by the fact that
the plants did not devote enough attention to avoiding breakdowns and to main-
tenance of production equipment.
The Ministry of the Construction Industry did not fulfill its plan for the
production of cement, bricks, limestone, lime for industrial use, etc.
The Ministry of the Food Industry did not proluce the planned amounts of
beer, meat products, milk, and butter. The cause of nonfulfillment of the
milk, butter, and meat products production plans was the failure to fulfill
the crop-purchase plan.
Local industries failed to fulfill their plans, particularly in the pro-
duction of bricks, limestone, gravel, and ballast.
Agriculture and Crop Purchase
During the first half of 1952, there was a further expansion and strength-
ening of the socialist sector of agriculture. The state farms, the JZD (Unified
Agricultural Cooperatives), and the other establishments in the socialist sector
operate at present almost 32 percent of the agricultural land belonging to agri-
cultural establishments. The number of higher-type JZD rose particularly, and
their membership and production facilities increased.
The sowing plan for most main crops was not completely fulfilled, nor ware
planned increases in the average weight of slaughter animals attained. The crop-
purchase plan also was not fulfilled.
Because of unfavorable weather, spring agricultural work was begun about
3 weeks later than usual. This delay was, however, made up during the course
of work, so that sowing and planting were finished in time. According to
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preliminary results, the sowing plan for bread grains fell short of fulfillment
by 1.3 percent for fodder grains 1.5 percent, potatoes 3.7 percent, sugar
beets 3.6 percent, green fodder 6.3 percent, etc. In spite of this, 2.3 per-
cent more bread grains were sown this year than last, along with 48.8 percent
more poppies, 44.7 percent more hemp, 8.8 percent more flax, etc.
The number of livestock as of 29 June 1952 was higher than a year ago;
this increase amounted to 5 percent in cattle, 22 percent in pigs, 25 percent
in sheep, and 5 percent in poultry. New sources of fodder will have to be pro-
vided, since there are more of these animals now than there were before World
War 7I. The number of cows has not y.t reached the planned number, and the
percentage of cows in the total number of cattle, which is scheduled to reach
51.0 percent by the end of the year, totaled only 48.6 percent at the end of
the first half year. The milk and egg production plans were not fulfilled.
The crop-purchase plan was fulfilled in the first half of 1952 only 97
percent in the case of slaughter cattle, 93 percent for slaughter calves, and
91 percent for pigs. In contrast to the same period of last year, 11 percent
more pigs were purchased, while the purchases of slaughter cattle and calves
were less. The silk-purchase plan was fulfilled only 90 percent, although de-
liveries this year have been 7 percent greater than during the first half of
1951.
The state farms have provided for accelerated spring work, and, with the
exception of certain types of oil seeds, early potatoes, and vegetables, they
exceeded their plan for area sowed. They used improved seed and plants to a
considerable extent, and employed the experience of Soviet agriculture to a
greater extent than previously, particularly in using cross sowing on 22 per-
cent of the grain crops, using check-row hill planting of potatoes, etc.
In comparison with the first half of 1951, the state farms have raised
52,000 more head of cattle this year, 6,000 more cows, 181,000 more pigs, and
60,000 more sheep. As of the end of June the state farms were raising 7.6
percent of all the cattle in Czechoslovakia. At the end of the first half of
1952, the state farms were raising 5 percent more horses per 100 hectares of
agricultural land, 18 percent more cattle, 30 percent more sheep, and 27 per-
cent more pigs than a year age The average milk production per cow increased
4 percent in the same period, although the plan for average milk production
per cow was fulfilled only 86.1 percent.
Certain serious shortcomings showed up in the management of the state
farms in the first half of 1952. The state farms have so far not reached the
planned number of cows, and the proportion of cows among all cattle has dropped.
Certain provisions of the resolution by the party and the government have so
far not been satisfactorily fulfilled. These include the provisions on breed-
ing and fertility of heifers and sows, and on the number and frequency of sow
litters. State farm workers have not devoted sufficient effort to reducing
mortality of calves and suckling pigs. The planned average daily weight in-
creases have not been attained, nor has the planned average live weight of
slaughter cattle and pigs.
There were 6,341 JZD at the end of the first half of 1952, 3,402 of which
had a.read adopted the operating rules for types III and IV, representing an
increase 2f or types III and IV 1 of 31.6 percent over the level of a year ago.
The amount of agricultural land in cooperatives of types II and higher has in-
creased by 11 percent in the past year. The proportion of their arable land
area to the total area of arable land rose in the same period from 17 to 19
percent. In every third obec there was a cooperative of type II or higher.
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preliminary results, the sowing plan for bread grains fell short of fulfillment
by 1.3 percent for fodder grains 1.5 percent, potatoes 3.7 percent, sugar
beets 3.6 percent, green fodder 6.3 percent, etc. In spite of this, 2.3 per-
cent more bread grains were sown this year than last, along with 48.8 percent
more poppies, 44.7 percent more hemp, 8.8 perce',t more flax, etc.
The number of livestock as of 29 June 1952 was higher than a year ago;
this increase amounted to 5 percent in cattle, 22 percent in pigs, 25 percent
in sheep, and 5 percent in poultry. New sources of fodder will have to be pro-
vided, aince there are mare of these animals now than there were before World
War II. The number of cows has not yet reached the planned number, and the
percentage of cows in the total number of cattle, which is scheduled to reach
51.0 percent by the end of the year, totaled only 48.6 percent at the end of
the first half year. The milk and egg production plans were not fulfilled.
The crop-purchase Flan was fulfilled in the first half of 1952 only 97
percent in the case of slaughter cattle, 93 percent for slaughter calves, and
91 percent for pigs. In contrast to the same period of last year, 11 percent
more pigs were purchased, while the purchases of slaughter cattle and calves
were less. The milk-purchase plan was fulfilled only 90 percent, although de-
liveries this year have been 7 percent greater than during the first half of
1951.
The state farms have provided for accelerated spring work, and, with the
exception of certain types of oil seeds, early potatoes, and vegetables, they
exceeded their plan for area sowed. They used improved seed and plants to a
considerable extent, Pnd employed the experience of Soviet agriculture to a
greater extent than previously, particularly in using cross sowing on 22 per-
cent of the grain crops, using check-row hill planting of potatoes, etc.
In comparison with the first half of 1951, the state farms have raised
52,000 more head of cattle this year, 6,000 more cows, 181,000 more pigs, and
60,000 more sheep. As of the end of June the state farms were raising 7.6
percent of all the cattle in Czechoslovakia. At the end of the first half of
1952, the state farms were raising 5 percent more horses per 100 hectares of
agricultural land, 18 percent more cattle, 30 percent more sheep, and 27 per-
cent more pigs than a year ago. The average milk production per cow increased
4 percent in the same period. although the plan for average milk production
per cow was fulfilled only 80.1 percent.
Certain serious shortcomings showed up in the management of the state
farms in the first half of 1952. The state farms have so far not reached the
planned number of cows, and the proportion of cows among all cattle has dropped.
Certain provisions of the resolution by the party and the government have so
far not been satisfactorily fulfilled. These include the provisions on breed-
ing and fertility of heifers and sows, and on the number and frequency of sow
litters. State farm workers have not devoted sufficient effort to reducing
mortality of calves and suckling pigs. The planned average daily weight in-
creases have not been attained, nor has the planned av,.rage live weight of
slaughter cattle and pigs.
There were 6,341 JZD at the end of the first half of 1952, 3,402 of which
had already adoptzd the operating rules for types III and IV, representing an
increase or types III and IV J of 31.6 percent over the level of a year ago.
The amount of agricultural land in cooperatives of types II and higher has in-
creased by 11 percent in the past year. The proportion of their arable land
area to the total area of arable land rose in the same period from 17 to 19
percent. In every third obec there was a cooperati?re of type II or higher.
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The unceasing growth of the JZD is shown not only by the accelerated
growth of the number of higher-type cooperatives, but also'by the rising pro-
portion of agricultural animals which are tended jointly, and particularly of
those which are stabled jointly. The proportion of cows in the total number
of JZD cattle being tended jointly is, however, still unsatisfactory. Of the
total livestock being tended jointly, 82 percent of the horses, 95 percent of
the cattle, 94 percent of the pigs, and 95 percent of the sheep were being
stabled jointly.
By natural increases and b;rtransfers the number of cattle on JZD increased
by 111,000 over the level of a year ago, the number of pigs by 354,000, and the
number of sheep by 88,0?0. At the same time the plan for the whole year for
livestock numbers was fulfilled '.n the case of horses and exceeded in the case
of pigs. The number of sows, ew:s, and particularly cows remained below the
planned level. Sow breeding and fertility have improved in recent months, but
are still unsatisfactory; this is also true of the number and frequency of
litters among sows. The construction of joint stables must be speeded up, and
still more attention must be de''oted to zootechnical measures. This spring,
11,000 permanent working groups were established on JZD.
The activity of MTS in the first half of 1952 increased in comparison with
the same period of 1951. The spring work plan, calculated in hectares, was
fulfilled 102.3 percent. The MTS did not fulfill their plan for transporting
logs out of the forests. The contracts providing for the completion of spring
work were not satisfactory. Of the field work done, 71 percent was for JZD of
type II and higher, and 13 percent for state farms and other public establish-
ments. The proportion of machinery under repair eras lower than a year ago,
but the utilization of machines, particularly tractors, was still unsatisfac-
tory.
Construction
In the first half of 1952 capital construction in the national economy in-
creased still further. At the site of the new Klement Gottwald Metallurgical
Plant in Kuncice, operations were begun in two open-hearth furnaces and one
blast furnace in the first half of 1952. Other operations were begun in other
parts of the plant. The work on this largest construction project was speeded
up this year, but has not yet reached the planned level because of the shortage
of specialized workers.
New construction in three large electric power plants under construction
resulted in increased production in the first half year while work is continuing
or being begun on large river dams.
A total of 3,517 construction projects were completed. Of this total,
538 industrial and transportation structures, 362 construction projects for
agriculture, and 747 dwelling structures and construction projects for dor-
mitory housing were completed. A total of 9,690 new dwelling units were com-
pleted for workers, in addition to dormitory housing, and 30,500 new dwelling
units were begun.
Construction increased by 9.9 percent in the first half of this year in
comparison with the same period of 1951. The plan, however, called for an in-
crease of 29.9 percent. The construction plan was fulfilled only 84.6 percent
in the first half of 1952. The Ministry of the Construction Industry fulfilled
the plan for its own employees 88.2 percent.
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The average number of employees actively engaged in construction rose by
0.7 percent over the level of the first half of 1951.
The productivity of labor in construction rose over last year, but not
nearly as fast as the plan required. The causes of nonfulfillment of the pro-
ductivity plan are the high absenteeism rate among employees, excessive turn-
over, unsatisfactory organization of work, and poor utilization of construction
machinery. The latter is due primarily to poor organization of work on con-
struction sites and by insufficient care of machinery, the operation of which
is often interrupted by breakdowns. These shortcomings prevented the fulfill-
ment of the accumulation plan of the Ministry of the Construction Industry.
Construction enterprises received more construction machinery from the
machine-building plants this year in order to further the mechanization of the
most important construction programs. The number of steam shovels under the
Ministry of the Construction Industry increased in the first half of 1952 by
9.2 percent, the number of raking machines by 29.6 percent, of shovel carts by
15.8 percent, transport carts by 5.9 percent, cement mixers by 14.7 percent,
and cranes by 30.5 percent.
The designing plan was fulfilled 98.9 percent in the first half of 1952.
Transportation and Telecommunications
The plan for the first half of 1952 was fulfilled by railroad transporta-
tion 99.1 percent, representing an 11.5 percent increase over the work done in
the same period of 1951. The increase was attained by improved use of the rail-
road park, higher labor productivity, and further development of the new, pro-
gressive work methods of Soviet railroad workers, particularly those of the
"500 men," the "heavy load men," the "luminets" workers, and the "katayevets"
workers.
Holding back railroad cars had an unfavorable effect on plan fulfillment.
The passenger railroad transportation plan was fulfilled 100 percent.
The CSAD (Czechoslovak Automobile Transport) fulfilled the highway freight
transportation plan 94.7 percent. The failure to fulfill the plan was due pri-
marily to unfavorable weather in the first months of the period. In comparison
with the first half of 1951, the volume of highway freight carried increased
92.1 percent.
The 'passenger highway transportation plan was fulfilled by the CSAD 105.2
percent. The overfulfillment of the plan was influenced by the establishment
of new bus lines and by the reduction in the number of busses under repair, as
the result of new progressive methods among the drivers. These included trav-
eling 100,000 kilometers or more without accidents, extending the period be-
tween general repairs beyond that established by the norms, introducing planned
maintenance, etc. In comparison with the first half of 1951, the passenger
lines of the CSAD did 22.1 percent more work.
The water transport plan was fulfilled 98.4 percent in the first half
year. Air transportation fulfilled its 6-month plan only 85 percent because
of bad weather.
The urban transportation plan for the first half of 1952 was fulfilled
102.6 percent. This represents an increase of 1.9 percent in the number of
passengers carried, as compared with the first half of 1951.
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Foreign Trade
The total turnover of Czechnslovak foreign trade in the first half of
1952 increased by 3.4 percent over the same period of the preceding year. In
this period the share of the USSR and the other countries with planned econo-
mies in the total volume of Czechoslovak foreign trade rose from 58.1 percent
to 67.8 percent.
Retail Trade Turnover
The retail trade turnover plan was fulfilled 102.6 percent in the first
half of 1952.
Purchases by the population, which during several short periods were ex-
cessive, were covered in the main by current income and savings. This was pri-
marily responsible for reducing :'e amount of money in circulation during the
first half of 1952 by 23 percent. The retail trade network was always better
supplied with consumers' goods and food fthan during the corresponding period
of 1957. This was particularly true in the second quarter, when larger quan-
tities were sold. For example, sales of children's ready-to-wear clothing were
51 percent higher than in the first quarter 1952, women's ready-to-wear clothing
22 percent higher, men's ready-to-wear clothing fillegibl7, leather shoes 65,
rubber shoes 3, bicycles 23, tread 9, butter 6, and milk 4 percent higher.
Employment
Employment in the Czechoslovak economy continued to rise in the first half
of 1952, and showed a total increase of 4.6 percent from the first of the year.
The organized recruitment of manpower has fulfilled its goals, but the contin-
uing labor turnover reduced the success of this program.
The number of employed women is growing steadily. Whereas the percentage
of women in the total labor force was 32.1 at the beginning of 1952, this rose
to 34.0 by the end of the first half of the year.
In the third year of the Lany manpower program (Tanaka Akce) more than
11,000 mining apprentices had registered by the end of the school year. This
is almost 6 percent more than the plan foresaw. The number of apprentices who
registered for the metallurgical industry in the same period was 50 percent
above the plan.
In the first half of 1952 more than one million patients were received
for institutional medical care, and spa care was extended to 90,000 patients,
which is almost 8 percent more than in the same period of 1951. A signifi-
cant increase was also attained in the establishment of factory health centers.
As of the end of the first half of 1952, there were almost 1,400 factory health
center sections and 84L factory medical stations in operation. In these es-
tablishments alone, 4,750,000 workers were examined.
Care for the children of employed women was also expanded, making it
possible to recruit more women for employment. At the end of the first half
of this year there were an average of 20,000 children in nurseries daily,
while there was room for more than 30,000. In the same period there were
7,522 kindergarten classes, in which more than 220,000 children were regis-
tered. As of the end of the school year, L14,000 pupils in elementary and
middle schools belonged to youth associations.
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M_MUCTn
The number of radio owners increased by 104,000 over the level of a year
ago, so that there is now one radio for every 4.8 citizens.
More than 2,000 books were 130lished, totaling 26.6 million copies.
The duction of industry and construction h
against that that of th
first as increased this
e half of 1951. '"be acecmpliscreas trans n
tion and of the other branches of the auccesses,'nevertheless he of
naany showed a certain auccee
slovak econ are not sufficient
to meet the needs of the Czecho_ae
their efforts. Worker. In all branches of the national economy
met. efforts, so thnt the goals established by the plan may s =M inc
B8sfu y rease
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