1950 ACHIEVEMENTS IN SOVIET MACHINE-TOOL BUILDING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700090473-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 11, 2011
• Sequence Number: 473
• Publication Date: December 3, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION S-E_C_R-E-T
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE INTELLIGENCE CY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Economic; Technological - Machine tools
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Aug 1951
LANGUAGE Russian
... ........... .a...r .... ,D... D ]
Stank, , Instrument, No 8, 1951.
REPOR
CD NO.
DATE OF
INFORMATION 1951
DATE DIST. 2, DI"i . 1952
NO. OF PAGES 6
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
1 0 ACHIEVEMENTS IN SOVIET MACHINE TOOL BUILDING
The Postwar Five-Year Plan marked a significant development of scien-
tific research institutes and organizations of the Ministry of Machine-Tool
Building. These include ENIM (Experimental Scientific Research Institute
of Metal-Cutting Machine Tools), VNII (All-Union Scientific Research Tool In-
stitute), VNIIASH (All_Union Scientific Research Institute of Abrasives and
Grinding) NIBV, (Scientific Research Bureau of Interchangeability),
N1BTN (Scientific r arch Bureau of Technical Norms), and others.
maticci-
pation of VNII and NIBV, was-thejcompletion a d~delivery o o9f the a wie aue utomatic
piston plant to t>,a Ministry of Ant--),h 1- -_, _
A number of new experimental models have been designed and manufactured
at ENIMS. The most important of these are described below.
The Model 5P28A gear-cutting semiautomatic is for cutting spiral bevel
gears up to 800 millimeters in diameter, with up to 15-millimeter module.
The range of spindle speeds is from 21 to 300 revolutions per minute, permit-
ting the use of high-speed steel or hard-alloy cutting tools and an operating
speed of from 10 to 300 meters per minute. The teeth are not cut one after
the other in successive order; a predetermined number of teeth are passed,
which effects a continuous rotation of the gear blank in one and the same di-
rection. The rapid return roll of the cradle (idling) is accomplished at a
constant speed and takes about 7.5 seconds, regardless of the total length of
the operating cycle. This principle of operation decreases the time required
for machining one tooth. An original generating mechanism is used-in the
machine tool which permits the entire generating and index,
complished by a continuous meshing of
e ng cycle t, be ac-
g
weighs about 10 tone. -n-'ry-, -n a l?-kilowatt electric motor and
and D. A. ut It was developed by V. N. Kedrinskiy, lead
Zagryazkin, leading technologist.] ing des.gner,
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?,~n such a range of cutter IDlliimeters per blank
.. revolu-
peeds , . .. Z'
60 to aoo m?+e_- ___ near tea.
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The Model 5P325 gear-hobbing semiautomatic
for high-speed machining, by the generating meth is .te.d-d
up to 450 millimeters in diameter with lip to 6 o
-millimeter module. helical
machine
tioasspereminute. and81+ofhard-alloy hobs.
Its speed is from ocn
I-l
with the up zo 100 millimeters, and module from 2V to 101meters in diam-
maximum angle of apical at 45 degrees. Ia comparison withl deters,
chines produced by foreign firms, this model is exceptional for its high similar ma
tivity. The following operations of the work cycle are automatic:
withdrawal Of wheel to produc-
sate for wheel wear. Ieetead ssin ofg and dressing and ad)uetingitofcompen-
teeth
are ground successively on t'he usual his machine. of adjacent teeth, every few
must make several revoluticns, hine. To grind d all all teeth, the blank
error in pitch and increases theTaccuracy o of grinding decreases the cumulative
y of machining.
ing,
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module from 6.05 gears up to 45 millimeters in 1? jIItended
used for machininto.0millimeters. Considering that ii, with
brass gears, it has been this machine will be
of 2,000 revolutions per minute. provided with a maximum cutter speed
For machining small-module, straight-toothel, and spiral bevel gears, three
unified machine tools have been designed: Mod 5P23 for machining spur
Model 5P23A for helical gears, and a widely universal machine tool on which
either type of gears,
gear can be machined. The machines differ from each other in
the basic arrangement of the cradle. They are intended for machining gears with
a maximum diameter of 120 millimeters, maximum module of 2.5 millimeters, and
maximum face width of 20 millimeters, and the number of teeth ranges from five
to 100. The entire generating and indexing cycle is a continuous process; not
a single mechanism has interrupted movement. During the return roll of the blank thcradworkle,
begins,, specified teethaare unchanging direction.
The machine moment
set up in such a way that this number does not have a common multiple with the
number of teeth to be cut on the gear. Consequently, with the repetition of
the cycle, all teeth will be cut subsequently and the machine tool will stop
automatically, e cradltwoe the gutters whifor
of one recess.
simultaneouthe sly machine the opposite sides
ute. These three machines can reach a rutting speed of up to 190 meters
per min-
Model 1P625 is a high-duty lathe. Its specifications are as follows:
mum workpiece diameter, 500 millimeters; distance between centers, 1,000 milli-
meters; number of spindle speeds, 18; range of spindle speeds, maxi
tions per minute; ran P I , ,000 milli-
tion,
g_ of ongitudinal fr.~gsvp06-2.5millimetersjpero revolu-
The machine is designed for complete utilization of the cutting properties
of hard-alloy tools. Its design assures increased accuracy and a high surface
quality. A great deal of attention has been given to increasing its efficiency
by using short kinematic chains, ball bearings for all shafts, and a circulating
system of lubricant from the pump in the feed and gear boxes. To shorten the
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time required for auxiliary operations and lessen the fatigue of the operator,
the machine is provided with the following; a single shifting lever for select-
ing the desired speed on a lighted scale; convenient control of the feed box;
engagement of longitudinal and cross feed and rapid adjustment by means of a
single lever; the use of electromagnetic clutches; mechanical feed from the apron
for the upper part of the slide which carries the cutter head and which can be
swiveled 60 degrees to either side; a four-cutter head with indexing, the re-
lease, swivel, and securing of which are done by one quick-ac`.irg lever; "for-
ward, "backward" and "stop" buttons conveniently located on the slide; and an elec-
tric copying device. The machine is calculated for an increase in productivity
of 1.5-2 times as compared with ordinary lathes.
Model 31538 50X1-HUM
matic for the tool ndustry. It is intendedeforr-type cylindrical grinding auto-
auto-
erance of 5 microns on the external diameter, which isihighergthan thewith
of accuracy.
first class
The 31538 is a completely automatic precision grinding machine, from the in-
sertion of the workpiece between centers to its unloading after the finishing op-
eration. Grinding is done by the in-feed method. The automatic or semiautomatic
cycle of the machine is accomplished by a hydraulic or electric device connected
to the measuring device or rigid stop.
In the autom.,.ic cycle, the machine is loaded with parts from a hopper de-
vice. It can also operate as an ordinary cylindrical grinding machine. The re-
commended range of grinding diameter
._ .
s is
An in-feed cylindrical, grinding machi
..tai. .
ne
ufacture for incorporation in as automatic transferachinenlinet for machiningn 'IMand ma
graduated shafts. It can also operate as an individual machine at various ma-
chine-building enterprises.. The work cycle of this machine, including the meas-
urement of parts, is completely automatic.
It is intended for simultaneous grinding of several tapered or cylindrical
surfaces. The maximum workpiece diameter is 150 millim^ters; maximum distance
between centers, 750 millimeters; and the maximum diameter of the journal that
can be ground is 60 millimeters
The Model 1004 automatic developed by ENIMS is intended
for turning the tapered part ace or eads of wood screws up to 7 millimeters
in diameter and from 15 to 100 millimeters long. Its productivity is 1,500 to
2,280 parts per hour.
The Model 5996 thread rolling machine is designed for rolling threads on
wood screws 3-5 millimeters in ^tameter, with the threaded part up to 50 milli-
meters long. The number of douLle strokes of the machine is from 55 to 120 per
minute.
Heretofore, wood screws were threaded by cutting on special machine tools.
The new machine is equipped with a hopper for automatic feeding of the blanks.
Testing of the machine in 1950 showed good results.
ENIM3 designed a dynamic balancing machine, Model 9725
for parts weighing from 4 to 90 kilograms with a maximum diameter of 630 milli-
meters. The machine can make from 560 to 1,600 revolutions per minute. The
heavy parts are placed on cradles by means of a special lifting device. Two
freely-rolling cradles suspended on thin belts support the parts. Rotating mo-
tion is transmitted to the parts by mans of a clutch connected to the machine
spindle by a cardan shaft; with the rotation of the workpiece, the pivot of the
cradle effects a vibration in the coil found in the permanent magnetic field.
This element transmits signals to the electrical measuring panel.
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OKB MSS (Experimental Design Bureau of the Ministry of Machine-Tool Building)
has desi ned an on anal high-du
ty rotary-broaching automatic, Model "RPA" 759
2
ss'
f
p
bolt .
and screws with square
ard
hexagonal heads are processedeonstheTmachinesbyfabmethod
of continuous broaching, with a productivity which measures up to that of trimming
automatics, and in addition, it completely eliminates the operation of undercutting
the heads for removing burrs after trimming the faces. In processing large bolts
and screws, and bolts and screws with heads having flanges, the productivity of this
machine will be ten to 20 times as great at in milli
ng
.
The OKB MSS has also designed a group of machine tools for different .
and of various sizes based on
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mum depth of 50 millimeters but not , timeter holes or recesses with a maxi-
millimeters in size and u
to 50
p
kilogram i C
sn weighti].
The electrical erosion method of hardening cutting tool edges,rticular, surfaces of press- rap-
idly wearing parts, etc., has found application in industry. In pa
molds used in the abrasives industry for pressing grinding wheels are s
very intensive wear. To mecha
ub
i
n
)ected to
ze the
process ofddeposits
to improve their quality, the OYA MSS has desi ne ng a hard-alloy plate and
chine tool for hardening pressmolds del 439 semiautomatic ma-
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It must be noted that the surface area of pressmolds to be hardened reaches
requires up 30 man_
houurs.s Aq lthoughtthetlabor erscToonsplate cis a hisurface by gh, abrasivecd plants have used this
method, because the dure':.lity of pressmolds plated with hard alloy increased sev-
eral times.
Model 439 has been designed for plating holes 125-300 millimeters in diameter
and external surfaces of pressmold cores 40-180 millimeters in diameter and up to
200 millimeters high. This model ran also be used for mechanizing the hard-alloy
plating of various types of parts and tools.
Model h R7
ing grooves on hard-alloy tools. it nos Deen designed by OKB for making chip-wind-
meter cutter on this machine. takes one minute to process one 25 x 16 milli- 50X1
- HUM
In connection ewith
of 50 meters
th the tapp appearance of wheels for high-speed grinding at speeds
On using existing grinding 3035 meters per second, ENIMS conducted research
modernization, machines at high speeds and developed methods for their
Research showed that with the speed increased from 35 to 50 meters per second
and a proportional increase in the depth of grinding or workpiece speed (for in-
creasing productivity) the consumption of power for the gri-ding wheel drive in-
creased 70-80 percent and the consumption of power for the workpiece drive increased
Considering that the motors for the workpiece drive have A. large reserve of power;
replacing them in zmodernitation is not necessary. Tn other respects, the
for the modernization of grinding machines must be accomplished alo the measures
ng following
lines: the grinding-head electric motor must be replaced by a more powerful one; pul-
leys that would increase the speed of the grinding wheel to 50 meters per second, pul-
leys for increasing the speed of the workpiece, more rigid guards for the grinding
wheel, and a splash guard for the table must be manufactured. alcul
necessa machinnees methmoderniod of naandgalso the conry elements of grinding
machines at a high grinding speed. To iohditions for ogurdt
n
provide industry with on-the-spot guiding
guiding
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be manufactured inrtheVmod r,ve Deen for units nizationevelthe meat widelyausedarts which must
Models 3151, 316M, and 3153, for converting them to hi h-
decrease auxili 8riading machines,
at'y time used f
8 speed
or
grinding. To
Prints for two instruments measuring vorkpieces
dur umeata which measure ' ENIMS out blue-
ing the grinding process. parts on cylindrical
grinding machines
howeveEENI has made many other improvements in methods, units., machines etc.;
a number of tasks have been neglected or left incom
l
p
ete
.
Of great importance is the saving of metal by red cing the weight of ma-
9 atlyools per std of power, The machine tools now w_.__ _
entif
technology for obtai
- research and experimental work in the fiel of
t d
housing parts in machine- hin-walled castings and for the application done of lighter
IMi
. renforced concrete for machine -tool beds.
isms EN126 is lagging in the field of heavy machine-tool builds
in this field are far from being solved,
h8? Many prob-
In the field of developing bast-
for aubcequent serie models of modern
s
universal
produti
machine tools
con at plants, ENIbS is behind schedule in P
ing plans and manufacturing and testing experimental models (for ex
lathes for the Alapsyevsk Plant, Pr-par
etc-), which. in t.., lathes for the Tbitjsj n,_
ample, turret
production. work experience of leaders in1 ,aces not give
che greatest atteDtion should be high-speed methods in
tio and automatization
o
sag machine tools to a auxiliary operations to brin given to the
n atte iza-
of machine
cchiizin minimum. For example, ENIMS hasgnota yet solvedithettend-
automaticncdhaukomatizing the _,"Ping of a workpie e _ problems
a
lathes. Model owed
serious upset in the output of new models of universal
duction proved to be unsuitable for this
changes; as a result and I.P6i lathes
for
osehwithout designed
n
riee pro-
i
i
n sg
ENIMS is not paying sufficient attention to the
high-speed method. in -__ .
re
ties contests drilling Planing , bronchia c "1911-speed methods are not
models of these whJch they operations to bi g, grinding , etc. The ibili:
gh-apeed methods have not been studied
could be carried o
recently, under pre
m
d
a
ssure fr I
ut havt ,
omnduste no been develo ry for the introduction of hi b_
has ENIMS begun to concern itself with the grinding
machine for high-speed operations problem cf developing a cylindrical grinding
ding
One of the
existinh
g sortcomings In the work of the biggest assignments for the future is the develonmpntt oft the past and one of
which call either be inen,?--,
Th
onl
and, to a
y.
is has Increased the cost of designing have been designed for
that the output and
of the product for which they were designed ..___
event
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Testing of machines has not been satisfactorily carried out by ENII. It
has failed to correct mistakes or shortcomings that have been uncovered in design.
During the past few years, the work of EBD)S in the field of departmental
normalization has been very feeble.
Finally, a serious fault of ERINS, as well as of other scientific research
organizations of the Ministry of Machine-Tool Building, is its laxness in intro-
ducing into production completed scientific research and experimental work.
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