SOVIET RADIO ENGINEERING IN 1951

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 24, 2011
• Sequence Number: 28
• Publication Date: December 17, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
IIN RESTRICTED-
TT1V- rTd1MiNAAm7?nuT-
CtN[RALINTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Scientific - Electronics, television, radio
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
DATE
LANGUAGE
Radio Communications and Radio Broadcasting
DATE DIST. I7 Dec 1952
NO. OF PAGES 6
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
The huge land area of the Soviet Union requires the continuous improvement
of radio ?""---?-a--?.___ Tom- . . _. _
intra-oblast radio communications lines in 19 yicp 51. The first series of of simplified
equi
ment whi
h
ill
p
c
w
make it possible to convert 1.ntra-oblaat communications to
a single-channel frequency telegraphy system was produced. This equipment will
im
ro
th
l
p
ve
e qua
ity of operation and will permit the use of teletype.
transmitters which use a new series of electron tubes with the cathodes~sup-
u-
i+4s... ruptions in station operation. All this will reduce the cost ss
-
of operating trans-
The crowded radio broadcast spectrum imposes very severe requirements for
frequency stability of the modern radio broadcast transmitter. Great progress
was made lest year in frequency stabilization. New ea:iters were developed for
all the broadcast bands which provide frequency stability better than that re-
quired by international norms. A gro+:p in the Scientific Research Institute of
Communications headed by V. Y. Solntsev has developed new models'of quartz res-
onators for the entire frequency band.
An instrument for measuring and checking 'frequencies of radio stations with
amplitude and frequency modulation up to 60 Mc with an accuracy of ? 1.10-7 was
developed. Technical control points of the Ministry of Communications being
equipped with that instruments in 1952. she seconda~-y frequency standard which
is a part of this instrument is also being used by itself in many branches of
science and engineering.
D n.. Dr rxs u.s. coel. ?f ?al?D10. m n.? nulo? D xlvl.
l?TIM 0I ITf CO?TI?Tf TO 011 ?IC[II} Ir ?? YxrOlxOrI llD IlffOx If
D?r?1?f 111w? D? ?rrlcllxD lx x l ?u 0[JI?fl
or lTnl uxlna fr?nf, rl Tx lx Txwu?I?a D. nl I , noel n>
NAVY
AIR __
FOR OFFIC
CLASSIFICATION
4
IAL USE 0!
NSRE I
-?IEUTI r)N
-iFtiIIVA'
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
Engineer V. M. Vol'f has developed a new instrument for measuring nonlinear
distortion during transmission. This had not been done previously either in the
USSR or abroad. The rejector filters used in the device take out a narrow band
of 50-100 cps from the modulating spectrum. The distortion of transmission is
figured from the intensity of the harmonica appearing at the cratput of the trans-
mitter in th.s narrow frequency band.
New equipment put into operation in wire interurban trunk lines will provide
high-quality transmission of central broadcastins programs on all the trunk lines
from Moscow to a number of cities and thus will considerably improve union and
republic broadcasting.
The Institute of Radio Reception and Acoustics, Ministry of the Communica-
tions Equipment Industry, (ItPA) MPSS) has developed new types of microphones
with high-quality indices. One of these microphones, designed fora speech
ampli-
fication, a e ue feed--
, pedal directional characteristic which reduces acoustic feed-
back. In 1951, the Ministry of Communications developed an original studio mi-
crophone which is a combination of the velocity and dynamic types. It has ad-
justable directivity, high sensitivity, good frequency response, and a compara-
tively low noise level.
The network of radio receivers grows steadily from year to year, and in 1951
the industry increased receiver production eight times in comparison with 1940.
The workers of the MPSS have given a great deal of attention in the last year to
improving the quality of receiving equipment. A state standard for radio broad-
cast receivers was approved in 1951. In connection with this standard, improve-
ments were introduced in a number of receivers produced by industry. In partic-
ular, economical one-volt miniature tubes were used in the new model of the
Rodina kolkhoz receiver. The filament power drain was nalved in comparison with
the old model (Rodina-47 and is now only 0.5'w. The receiver is battery-operated.
The simple economical Tula receiver is still being produced for use in non-
electrified regions. This two-tube receiver weighs only 1.7 kg, draws 150 mw
filament power, and 0.27 w plate paver.
Production of the cheap mass-produced Moskvich receiver continues. The
Rodina and Moskvich receivers are popular and the demand for them is great. A
new type of power supply, a thermogenerator, has been developed for the Bodine.
receiver in the Ministry of Communi,~stions. It produces electric power by using
the heat of an ordinary kerosene lamp or any other source of thermal energy.
Research is being conducted to improve the quality of sound in snail re-
ceivers, where small loudspeakers must be used. For example, good reproduction
of the low frequencies, starting with 100 cps, has been obtained in the Moskvich
receiver.
In addition to the first-class Latvia broadcast receiver produced by indus-
try, a new receiver of the same class using single-ended tubes was developed in
1951. Its input is designed for connection to an interference-protected two-
condur:or antenna leadin. A noiseless tuning system is used in the set.
The assortment of ceramic radio parts has been increased and their quality
improved through the work of a group of scientists and designers headed by Pro-
fessor N. P. Bogoroditekiy, Stalin Prize winner. The use of metallized paper has
considerably improved the quality of paper capacitors; in addition, they can be
made two to three times smaller. These new capacitors have the very valuable
property of sealing themselves after a breakdown.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
STATJ
The new coupositior resistors dew ioln:d by B. A. Bochkarev, Stalin Pr?.ze
winner, have good electric.sl characteristics and are only one fifth as large as
the well-known carbon resistors.
Research in materials has led to the development of a new type of magnetic
ferroceramic materials, the ferrites. Oxides of iron, zinc, nickel, and other
metals are the raw materials for the production of ferrites. The magnetic per-
meability of ferrites may vary from 10 to 2,000, depending on the raw material
and the production technology. The resistivity of ferrites is millions of times
greater than that of soft magnetic materials. The use of ferrites permits a new
approach to the design of radio equipment and simplifies the development of high-
frequency magnetic amplifiers, i-f transformers, transformers and chokes for
television and broadcast receivers, tuning circuits, etc. By using the change
in magnetic permeability of a ferrite core produced by the field of a permanent
magnet, Engineer M. 1. Oblezov has developed a tuning circuit for a cheap re-
ceiver which covers the medium- and long-wave broadcast bands without any changes
in the oscillatory circuits.
The use of ultrashort waves holds great promise for the development of
high-quality multiprogram broadcasting frr the larger cultural and industrial
centers.
The problem of industrial noise is closely connected with the quality of
radio broadcasting. At present the use of radio engineering methods in all
branches of the economy and in science and engineering has reached such propor-
tions that a number of organizational and technical measures must be carried out
to ensure normal operation of equipment for radio communications, radio broadcast-
ing, and television. A year ago, the government adopted a resolution which de-
fined the plan and the main methods for preventing any further increase in the
industrial noise level. Radio specialists and radio amateurs and the radio en-
gineering press must participate actively in checking and developing methods for
combating radio interference and in developing simple, reliable instruments for
detecting interference and measuring noise levels:
Wire Rediofication
In 1951, the number of subscriber loudspeakers increased by more than 30%
for the country as a whole and by almost 193% for rural localities. In concen-
trating on the problems of x^ural radiofication, radio industry and radiofication
workers have been concerned primarily with the develolanent of cheap economical
equipment and power supplies for this equipment. Production of the new center
of the KRU-10 type with output power of 10 w has begun. Operating experience
with the Type KRU-2 amplifying unit was used in designing the KRU-10. The lat-
ter center is intended for large (combined) kolkhozea. It consists of a receiv-
ing-amplifying unit and a separate supply unit. The equipment is very econom-
ical, since a special wind-electric power unit, the VE-2, was developed for it.
The storage batteries of the center can also be charged from the lighting cir-
cuit.
A set of equipment vhich can be supplied and remotely controlled from the
rayon center through intrarayon telephone wires at distances up to 30-40 km has
been develop for region- 'i'.,1, -F still not electrified. The programs are
transmitted by high-+?recuency currents.
Radiofication workers have given a great deal of attention to the develop-
ment of the underground cable net which replaces overhead lines. Cables with
vinyl chloride insulation are used in this work. Methods have been found which
permit such cable lines to be laid up to 50 km in length. To mechanize cable-
laying work, several types of cable-laying machines have been developed, along
with special :.viers for splicing cables.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
Wire t:oadcasttng equipment which provides high program quality is being
introducer! in the large cities. Production of instruments for remotely con-
trolled substations of wire broadcasting systems has been organized. A unit for
multiprogram broadcasting along wire rresdcasting networks hAs been developed
and will be put into experimental operation this year.
The MS also developed a new imprr 'ed wire broadcasting receiver in 1951.
Television
The experience gained in buildtng the Moscow Television Center and in mod-
ernizing the Leningrad Television Center has made possible the comparatively
rapid development of first-class equipment for the Kiev Television Center, which
began regular experimental transmissions in 1951. The Moscow and Leningrad
centers have also been supplied with new equipment. In 1951, new synch genera-
tors, new sensitive transmitting tubes, test and measuring equipment, etc., were
tested at these centers.
The experience accumulated by the Moscow Television Center in television
transmissions from they+?ers, stadiums, and from squares has emphasized the need
for constructing permanent relay points for simultaneous service of a group of
entertainment enterprises.
In 1951, the industry completed the design of a mobile television station
which is mounted in two specially equipped Type ZIS-155 busses. The equipment
for video transmission is located in one of these busses, while the other houses
the equipment for sound accompaniment and operational radio communications. The
highly sensitive transmitting tubes with double-sided targets proposed by Profes-
sor 0. V. Braude are used in the television cameras of the mobile stations.
In the 'ast year, a group of radio industry specialists under the direction
of Engineer 1. Ye. Kodess, Stalin Prize winner, completed the development of a
standard con a.:t, simple, and economical television center which is intended for
installation in capitals of union republics and in large oblast centers. This
standard center will be equipped for both studio and field transmissions. Trans-
mitting tubes with image transfer proposed by Professors P. V. Shmakov and P. V.
Timofeyev will be used in the television cameras of the center. These tubes per-
mit transmission under average illuminations and provide an effective signal-.to-
noise ratio of at least 15 db. The center will use an AM video transmitter and
an FM sound transmitter.
The experimental work of the Ministry of Communications on relaying televi-
sion programs on interurban cables has proceeded successfully. In the future,
relaying of television programs can be organized in any town where such trunk
lines pass through and where there are amplifying'points.
A great deal of attention was given to increasing the quality of new tele-
vision receivers being developed and produced. A new model of a television re-
ceiver was developed which has electrostatic deflection and focusing of the elec-
tron beam in the Kinescope. The receiver uses a superheterodyne circuit and has
17 tubes. The sound channel i-f is obtained by beating the video and sound car-
riers against each other. The receiver sensitivity is about one my and the
screen diameter is 175 mm. The use of a kinescope with electrostatic deflection
simplied the receiver design considerably, reduced its weight to 18 kg (almost
10 kg less than the IVN-49), reduced the power drawn to 150 w, simplified control,
and considerably reduced the level of interference created by radio broadcast
receivers.
~Ml
Declassified in Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release _2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8_~
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
Considerable work was also done in 1951 on the development of models of
large -screen television receivers. For example, an 18-tube receiver with a tube
having a screen diameter of 230 mm was developed. It uses a superheterodyne
circuit and comes in two types, i.e., to_nbined with a multiband broadcast re-
ceiver and without this receiver. In addition, an experimental unit with screen
dimensions of 3 x 4 m was developed this is a prototype of future inatellations
for clubs, sanatoria, and other public places.
The television receivers produced up to the present time create consider-
able interference with radio broadcast reception. This interference was reduced
more than ten-fold by a number of simple measures (shielding the sides of the
cabinet and come circuits in the receiver and installing filters in the supply
circuits).
The problem of collective television antennas and combined antennas for
television and radio reception has taken on a new importance in connection with
the extensive building program now under way, with particular reference to the
construction of high buildings. A collective antenna unit to serve 200 televi-
sion receivers was developed last year. This unit consists of the antenna itself,
the amplifying unit, and the distribution network. The distribution network is
designed to pass the frequency band from 48 to 84 Mc and the amplifier is designed
to pass one of the three television programs. In the event of simultaneous trans-
mission of two television programs, the possibility of installing an amplifier
for the second program has been provided for. A model of a collective antenna
without an amplifier which does not require special maintenance has also been
produced. Up to 100 television receivers can be connected to it. Tests of this
antenna have shown that it can be used at distances up to 10 km from the televi-
sion center.
In 190e Engineer A. A. Adamian, Baku, proposed a mechanical color system
with altern%?e transmission of colors. In 1925, he submitted a second proposal
which reprefented a considerable improvement over his first. In 1951, success-
ful experime?ta in color television transmission were carried out in one of the
institutes of the LPSS under the direction of Professor V. K. Kreytser, Stalin
Prize winner. These experiments constituted a further development of Ademian's
ideas.
New Methods of Labor Organization, Efficiency,
Invention, and Exchange of Experience
The extensive development of efficiency-consciousness and inventiveness and
the continuing union of science and production are the ma{ustays of further tech-
nical progress. In 1951, more than 30,000 efficiency suggestions were introduced
by engineers and technicians, leading Stakhanovites and communications workers,
workers in radio communications, radio broadcasting, radiofication, and electric
communications enterprises. A new form of efficiency work, i.e., the organiza-
tion of complex brigades, uniting engineers, technicians, and leading workers,
is becoming widespread. The most valuable suggestions were worked out by such
brigades.
Deserving of attention was the work of a complex brigade at one of
the powerful radio stations. This brigade developed a device which
quenches almost instantaneously the hf arc arising in overvoltages. Scientific
workers and engineers of scientific research Institutes also cooperate in work-
ing out such suggestions. They actually implement the cooperation of scientific
research and educational institutions with the operational and production enter-
prises.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8
r
The sugge!+tion or Engineer A. A. Voyevodin, who developed a light mast an-
tenna, is among the more interesting of the individual proposals. This mast an-
tenna is very strong and durable but weighs only one sixth to one eighth as much
as other designs. These antennas were installed at several radio stations in
1951.
The periodicals Radiotekhnika, Radio, Vestnik Svyazi, and Sovetskiy Svyazist
play. an important role in exchange of experience and in propagandizing the pri-
ority of Soviet science. Unfortunately, the sections on criticism and biblio-
graphy have been poorly represented in these periodicals. The further progress
of radio engineering requires promotion of discussion on many problems in radio
publications.
,The utilization of the decimeter and centimeter bands, the development of
television, radar, radio navigation, the appearance of such new fields as radio
astronomy, the development of pulse techniques, and the introduction of new
vacuum-tube instruments, parts, and materials has greatly increased the radio en-
gineering glossary. Despite this, the effort: on systematic standarization of
terminology and on the coining of new scienrific definitions has been weak and
disorganized. The standards produced previously are incomplete and. partially
obsolete. All this has led to the penetration of unfortunate terms and synonyms,
and unnecessary foreign terms into the radio engineering glossary. In 1951, the
All-Union Council of Radio Physics and Radio Engineering began an extensive pro-
gram on the clarification of radio engineering terminology. By request of the
council, a vocabulary of terms in radio engineering, radio physics, and electron-
ice was drawn up. This work is being continued this year and the Academy of Sci-
ences' Commission on Terminology is participating in it. It is quite obvious
that these organizations will not be able to cope with this difficult task with-
out the generous cooperation of everyone connected with these fields.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25: CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100028-8