ORDERS AND MEDALS OF YUGOSLAVIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100209-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 24, 2011
• Sequence Number: 209
• Publication Date: January 19, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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COUNTRY
SUBJECT
HOW
PUBLISHED
WHERE.
PUBLISHED
DATE
PUBLISHED
LANGUAGE
STATE
ARMY
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CLASSIFICATION RESTRICTID
SECURITY TELL ENCECAGENCY
CENTRAL N
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
Yugoslavia
Military; Sociological - Medals, decorations
Handbook
Belgrede
1951
Serbian
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Iotormativni prirucnik o Jngoslavi
DATE DIST. t9 Jar, 1953
NO. OF PAGES 13
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
i, Book 1, Section 16-19, 1951.
ORDERS MEDAI3 OF YUGOSLAVIA
`Comment!.. The following regrr da. OM of several taken Vom Ix an at
r_iirucnik o Jgoslaviii, a handbook published irregularly since late
194 by the Yugoslav Directorate for Information-.7
According to Yugoslav law, orders and medals are awards for outstanding serv-
ice to the peoples of Yugoslavia and the state in war and peace and are granted
by the Presidium of the federal People's Assembly as follows: on the proposal of the
president oft' the G6vernmeht^oftYugbslavda.to:civilians, 'and on the.tproposal;ofothe
Supreme Commander of:the Ydgo'slae Armed Forces to mill'itary,peYSgnnel.;. (The L6vi;
on Orders,and Mddala'of the' Federal .Pepge'BuRepublio"ef Yugoslavia, Sluzbeni
list, FNBJ ffficial Gazette of the FNR] No BR. 1946)
.:HISTORY OF YUGOSLAVIA'S ORDERS
On 15 August 1943 a decree of the Supreme Command of the National Liberation
Army of Yugoslavia on decorations; In the National Liberation War established the
first decorations in pootwar? Yugoslavia as follows:
1.
Order of People's Hero
2.
Order of the Partisan Star:
First, Second, and Third Class
3.
Order of National Liberation
4.
Order of Valor
5.
Medal of Valor
6.
Order of Brotherhood and Unity
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These decorations were granted during the National Liberation War and after
the liberation until the Yugoslav Constitution was proclaimed on 31 January 1945,
and t`e Presidium of the federal People's Acsembly organized.
The first decree of the AVNOJ (Antifascist Council of National Liberation of
Yugoslavia) issued on 24 July 1944, provided for decoration with the Order of
National Liberation for extraordinary-service and outstanding valor from the be-
ginning of the liberation struggle to 24 July 1944. Under this decree 20 of the
most prominent proletarian and hhock brigades of the National Liberaioa /army were
decorated.
A commisssion for gathering data and making proposals for decorations was a
part of th;. Commission for National Defense in the National Liberation Committee
of Yugoslavia. This commission issued instructions and explanations on decorations
to all main and corps staffs. Personnel were proposed for decoration as follows:
For the Order of People's Hero: the most noted heroes, soldiers, leaders,
organizers, or pioneers of the army who died in the field, prison, or concentra-
tion camp, and living soldiers or leaders especially well known and beloved for
their heroism, who were absolutely irreproachable and already heroes to the people.
For the Order of the Partisan Star, First Class: Military leaders, com-
mandants, and political commissars of brigade rank and higher, noted for their
command work; and in exceptional cases, commanding officers of lower rank and
soldiers who were particularly heroic, but not entitled to the order of People's
Hero.
For the Order of Partisan Star, Second Class: military leaders of higher
rank, or comcandunts of battalions sa!conIr_ es noted for their command work, and
soldiers noted for special bravery in batt..e and for special services.
For the Order of Partisan Star, Third Class: leaders of high or low rank
for special valor and suffering in battle, and soldiers for special bravery in
battle.
For the Order of Valor: officers and soldiers for valor.
For the Medal of Valor: soldiers and lower-ranki-.g officers for bravery in
some battle. This medal was a group decoration.
For the Order of National Liberation: Pioneers of the national uprising,
organizers of the National Liberation Army, and persons who contributed to the
winning of the National Liberation War.
For the Order of Brotherhood and Unity: political and military leaders noted
for their work in achieving unity and brotherhood among the people; and military
units which moved. f'oe one section of the country to another helping to develop
the uprising, thereby contributing to the development of brotherhood among the peo-
ple.
Decoration with more than one order was governed by the following conditions:
One person could be recommended for more than one decoration. A division
commander, for instance, could be granted the Order of the Partisan Star, Second
Class, for his command work, the Order of Brotherhood and Unity for his services
in creating brotherhood and unity, and the Order of Valor for bravery.
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A person who had received the Order of the Partisan Star could not be recom-
mended for. the Medal of Valor, but could be proposed for the Order of Valor. The
Order of the Partisan Star did not automatically qualify a person for the Order
of Valor; he had to meet the ccnditions for both.
Every soldier and leader, who in the course of time demonstrated that he
deserved a higher decorating; could be recommended for it.
Higher staffs of the army could recommend civilians for decoration who per-
formed special services for the army by collecting contributions or information,
acting as scouts, etc. Civilians were entitled to all decorations except the
Order of the Partisan Star, which was an exclusively military decoration.
Corps staffs had the right to award the Order and Medal. of Valor. A list of
persons decorated and the usual personal history of each were submitted to the
Presidium of the Antifascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia for rer
view and confirmation. Ir tLe mean time the indi i.dual decorated was entitled to
wear the decoration.
Decorations were conferred at a ceremony before a battalion'or brigade, with
the ceremony being conducted by a member of a higher staff. A short speech was
made fir=t, then the decorated person was given his decoration and congratulated
by shaking hands.
Decoration of wounded, disabled veterans, and dead was governed as follows.
If those to be decorated were in a hospital, the staff of the unit concerned sent
an officer to the hospital who. conferred the decoration. This also applied to
Yugoslav wounded personnel in Italy. Decorations for those who died in the field,
in prison, or concentration camps, were awarded on some holiday or on the anni-
versary of the day they died.. Such decorations were conferred on their relatives
if they were worthy.
NEW ORDERS AND MEDALS ESTABLISHED AT END OF WAR
With the Law on Orders and Medals of 9 June 1945, the Presidium of the Anti-'
fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia,"established the following
additional orders and medals:
1. Order of Liberty
2. Order of Service to the People: First, Second, and Third Class
3. Order of Brotherhood and Unity: First and Second Class (the decree of
the Supreme Command had established this order without classes)
4. Order of Labor; First, Second, and Third Class
5. Medal of Service to the People
Army ,and corps commands awarded the Order and Medal of Vr1or and Medal of
Service to the People to 176,3O4.persons for military achievements during the
liberation struggle. All these decrees were confirmed by the 1945 decisions of
the Presidium of the Antifascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia,
by the decisions of the fereral Constitutional Assembly in 1946, and by the
decisions of the Presidium of the. federal People's Assembly in 1946 and 1947.
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With the enactment of the Constitution of Yugoslavia on 31 January 1946 and
the Law on Orders and Medals of Yugoslavia on 31 October 1946, only the Presidium
of the federal People's Assembly of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
is authorized to award decorations.
According to the Law on Orders and Medals, Yz83slav decorations rank as fol-
lows:
1. Order of People's Hero
2. Order of Liberty
3. Order of the Partisan Star, First Class
4. Order of National Liberation
5. Order of Service to the People, First Class
6. Order of Brotherhood and Unity, First Class
7. Order of the Partisan Star, Second Class
8. Order of Service to the People, Second Class
9. Order of Brotherhood and Unity, Second Class
10. Order of the Partisan Star, Third Class
11. Order of Valor
12. Order of Service to the People, Third Class
13. Medal of Valor
14. Medal of Service to the People
Since 31 October 1946, the following decorations have been established by
special regulations or amendments:
1. Order of the Yugoslav Flag, First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Class
(the 26 November 1947 law changing and amending the Law on Orders and Medals,
Sluzbeni list, FNRJ, No 101, 1947)
2. Medal of Labor (the 31 December 1947 law rhanging and amending the law
on Orders and Medals, Sluzbeni list, FNRJ, No 107) 1947)
3. Order of Hero of Socialist Labor (the 1 December 1948 Law on the Order
of Hero of Socialist Labor of the FNRJ, Sluzbeni list, FNRJ, No 106, 1948).
Statutes enacted by the Presidium of the federal People's Assembly cover all
decorations except the Order of Liberty, Order of the Yugoslav Flag (all classes),
Order of Hero of Socialist Labor, Order of Labor (all classes), Medal of Labor,
and Medal of Service to the People, for which statutes have not yet been enacted.
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The statutes contain a description of the decoration, detailed explanation of serv-
ices for which the decoration is awarded, possible privileges accruing to the owner
of the decoration or his family, and other regulations in connection with the award-
ing and wearing of decorations.
Decorations may be awarded to individuals or to military units, establishments,
enterprises, c. other organizations. The recipient of a decoration may be deco-
rated with the same decoration he holds or with a different decoration, but cannot
be decorated with a lower-ranking decoration In cases of awarding the same deco-
ration it is customary for it to be of the next hii ar class.
A decoration may be taken away from the recipient only by decree of the Pre-
sidium cf the federal People's Assembly because of a court sentence or a criminal
act, or behavior that has made the recipient unworthy of the decoration.
The Presidium of the federal People's Assembly awards decorations to foreign-
ers as follows: to civilians upon the recommendation of the President of the
Government of Yugoslavia, and to military personnel upon the recommendation of
the Supreme Commandant of the Armed Forces of Yugoslavia.
Citizens of Yugoslavia may not accept or wear decorations of a foreign state
without permission of the government of Yugoslavia. Members of the Yugoslav Army
may not accept such decorations without permission of the Minister of People's
Defense.
In the Presidium of the federal People's Assembly, the Office of Orders car-
ries out all functions concerned with the awarding of decorations, preparation
of decrees on decorations, keeping of records on all decorated persons, etc.
It is planned to revise the present laws on decorations to have a single uni-
fied law. A draft for such a law has already been prepared, which also provides
for the establishment of some new decorations. The Presidium will issue statutes
for those decorations for which no statute: have yet been issued, and a statute
on the rank of decorations.
Collecting data and opiniot:a, and examining and recommending decorations for
civilian persons are as follows: -
1. Councils on Decorations act as advisory organs to the heads of state
establishments, offices, and enterprises in recommending outstanding blue- and
white-collar workers and work collectives for decoration.
There are Councils )n Decorations in enterprises of federal or republic signi-
ficance, in srez, city, and ward (reon) people's councils, in the Oblast People s
Council of Kosovo?Metohija, '.n the Main Executive Council of the People's Assem-
bly if the Vojvodina; in ministries, committees, commissions, and establishments
of the government; in the Presidium of the federal government, and in the presidiums
of the republic governments.
2. The Secretariat for Personnel Service in the federal government and the
republic Secretariats for Personnel Service do preliminary work for the Council
in the Presidency of the federal or republic government concerned.
Proposals for decoration of blue- and white-collar workers of an enterprise
are submitted to the organ for personnel service of the appropriate federal or
republic ministry.
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Proposals for decoration of blue and white-collar workers of arez, city, or
ward people's councils are r?ubmitted to the organ for personnel service of the
ministry, or to the Main Council of the Vojvodina.
Proposals for decoration of blue- and white-collar workers of ministries,
committees, commissions, and establishments of the federal governmen'.? are sub-
mitted to the Secretariat for Personnel Service in the federal government. Pro-
posals for decoration of blue- and white-collar workers of the Oblast People's
Council of Kosovo-Metohija of the Main Executive Council of the People's Assem-
bly of the Vojvodina, and of ministries, committees, commissions, and establish-
ments of the republic governments are submitted to the Section for Decorations
in the republic Secretariat for Personnel Service. Proposals made by the Council
on Decorations in the Presidency of a republic government are submitted to the
Section for Decorations in the Secret:riat for Personnel Service of the federal
government.
The Section for Ranks and Decorations in the Personnel Administration of the
Federal national Defense Ministry col] cts, evaluates and prepares proposals for
the decoration of military personnel, demobilized soldiers and officers, and
civilians, for services rendered in the National Liberation War.
DECORATIONS GRANTED AND DESCRIPTION OF ORDERS AND MEDALS
By the end of 1950, 628,485 decorations had been awarded in Yugoslavia to
enlisted men, noncommissioned officers, generals, and military units for meri-
torious service performed in the National Liberation struggle; and to individuals,
groups, and organizations for extraordinary service in the restoration and social-
ist development of Yugoslavia after the war. Decorations were awarded as follows:
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Decorated
Year By Decree
1944 4,749
1945 17,497
1946 --
1947 --
1948 --
1949 --
1950
Awarded by
Awarded by Constituent Assembly Presidium of the Federal People's Assembly
Decorated Decorated Decorated Decorated
By Order By Decree Order By Decree
2,582 3,737 485 --
-- 1,959 -- 70,955
-- -- 90,419
- 73,209
143,800
45,856.
Name of De,:oration 1942
Order of People's Hero --
Order of Liberty 17
Order of the Partisan
Star
I Class
III Class
Order of National
Liberation*
Decorations Granted
1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 D48
18 29 85 6 2 6
Decorated Total
By Order Der,)-ated
-- 4,749
-- 24,301
62,894 135.808
110,343 200,762
-- 73,209
143,800
45,856
1949 1950 Total
-- -- 1
49 -- 212
147 69 log 11 35 -- 1 372
336 1,33 226 48 65 8 13 1,129
710 2,109 1,380 3,512 937 252 77 8,977
50 51 20 16
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Order of Service
to the People
1 Class
Order of Brother-
hood and Unity
I Class
II Class
Order of Valor
Medal of Valor
Medal of Service
to the People
Order of Hero of
Socialist Labor
Order of Labor
I Class
II Class
III Class
Medal of Labor
2,732
902
1,203
30,672
131,e39
1,644
21,769
81,873
111,085
39,796 91713 211,007
185
627
5,158
7,672
1
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503
1,292
'3,909
432
204
5,302
8,132
244
219
157
42
38
6,300
7,874
2,490
11,156
1,060
46,473
25,313
9,703
32,940
13,471
315
493
251
58
52
852
8,202
7,747
3,400
1,36!--
14,084
.26,029
17,946
11,918
3,862
1-4,599
29,354
20,847
30,579
6,672
35
83
-72
32
210
137
328
10,018
374
88
920
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III Class
IV Class
V Class
Total
3 40
1 35
12
45,768 628,485
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Order of People's Hero
The Order of People's Hero is oval-shaped and made of patinated gold. Two
laurel branches tied at the bottom with a loop make the border. In the middle of
the order is a relief figure of a soldier dressed in a coat and sandals holding a
flag in his left hand and a rifle in his right hand. The order is worn around the
neck on's red ribbon.
The award includes financial benefits and privileges for the recipien'., but
financial benefits only for his family.
The orders, photographs and biographies of all dead People's Heroes are en-
graved on a memorial plaque in the War Museum of the Yugoslav Army in Belgrade.
Peter Lekovic, stone cutter from Recica, Uzicka Pazega Srez was the first
to be awarded the order of People's Hero.
Order of Liberty
swords ThInOtb er of middle Liberty a composed
1hite five-pointed
with five crossed
geld e surrounded with
The points of the upper and lower star are covered with rubies, and the points of
the middle and largest star with diamonds.
The Order of Liberty is among the highest of Yugos_,.v decorations. To date
it has been awarded only to Me.ahai Tito. He was awarded this order 28 November
1947 by decree of the Presidium of the federal People's Assembly for outstanding
service in organizing and conducting the National Liberation struggle, liberating
the Yugoslav people, and creating and developing an independent and strong Yugo-
slavia.
Order of the Partisan Star, First Class
The Order of the Partisan Star, First Class, is a five-pointed star of red
enamel net in two gold-plated laurel branches which form a circle around the star.
Order of National Liberation
The Order of National Liberation is of gold-plated silver in the shape of
two five-pointed stars. The top star is smaller, its points being placed between
the points of the larger star at the bottom. On the stars is a relief of patinated
silver portraying the people hailing the liberation. At the bottom of the relief
is inscribed "National Liberation."
The first Order of National Liberation was awarded on 24 June 1944 to 20
proletarian and shock brigades of the National Liberation Army.
Order of Service to the People, First Class
The Order of Service to the People (all classes) is awarded to persons who
rendered service in the national liberation struggle, or who helped stabilize and
organize the people's government or the Yugoslav Army.
The Order of Service to the People, First Class, is round, with a base of
gold-plated silver in the form of radiating rays. On the base is a five-pointed
star of gold-plated silver, from whose points emerge five rays. The star has a re-
leif of a soldier in patinated silver bearing a rifle on his right shoulder and
holding a flag in his right hand.
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Order of Brotherhood and Unity, First Class
The Order of Brotherhood and Unity, First Class, is made of silver with gold-
plated parts. It is round, consisting of five radial rays encircled by a gold-
plated laurel wrenti. The border is of red enamel with gold-plated edges, and 26
gold-plated, five-pointed stars. In the middle of the order on a gold-plated
background are five torches of red enamel with gold-plated handles and above the
torches is a red five-pointed star.
Order of the P4rtit+an Star Second Clean
The Order of the Partisan Star, Second Class, is a five-pointed silver star
covered with red enamel, encircled by two patinated-silver laurel branches.
Order f Service to the People, Second Class
The Order of Service to the People, Second Class, is. the same as the Orde'?
of Service to the People, First Class, except that the five-pointed star is of
silver and the relief figure o2 the soldier on the star ie of gold-plated silver.
Ord
er:of Service to the People Third Class
The Order of Service to the People, Third Class, is the same as the Order
of Service to the People, First Clais,.except that the .:aural wreath is silver
and the border is white enamel vith.gold-plated.edges.
Order of the-Partisan Star, Third Class
The Order of the Partisan Star, Third Class, is the same as the Order of
the Partisan Star, Second Class, exeept'that it has two cro;sed rifles of pati-
nated silver behind the red-enamelled five-pointed star so-that the butts are
visible below the lower points and the barrels above,the upper points of the
star.
Order of Valor
The Order of Valor is made of brass and gold-plate. It is irregularly oval
in shape showing an unfurled flag. Over the flag is a laurel branch, and the
first partisad weapons: rifle, ax, scythe, and homemade bayonet, which are
crossed. On the flag is the inscr$ption: "Death to Fascism, Freedom to; the
People". There is a five-pointed star on the upper part of the, order.
Order of Service to the People, Third Class
The order os Service to the People, Thil* Class, is the same shape as the
Order of Service to the People, First and Second Class. However, the back-
ground is of silver; the star is of gold-plated silver, and the figure of the
soldier. on the star is of patinated silver.
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The Medal of Valor is of brass and gold-plate. It is round with a smooth
border. on the front side is a torso in relief of a soldier holding a rifle in
his right hand. On the reverse are two laurel branches forming a circle. in the
center of which is the inscription "For Valor." Above the inscription is a five-
pointed star.
Medal of Service to the People
The Medal of Service to the People is awarded for services in the National
Liberation War.
The Medal of Service tc the People is round with a five-pointed star in re-
lief, between the points of the star which are decorative rays. On the star is
a figure in relief of a soldier bearing a rifle on his right shoulder and hold-
ing an unfurled flag in his left hand. On the reverse side of the medal is the
inscription "Medal of Service to the People" encircled by a laurel wreath.
Order of LaborFirst, Second, and Third Class, and the Medal of Labor
The Order of Labor (all classes) and the Medal of Labor are awarded to in-
dividuals, groups of workers, enterprises, or establishments as recognition for
work heroism, for scientific and technical discoveries, and individual or group
creativeness in the rehabilitation and development of socialist Yugoslavia.
The Order of Labor, First Class, is round. A red-enameled flag with a lit-
tle five-pointed star is on the upper part. In the center is a patinated-silver
relief of a male and a female head in profile symbolizing workers. The relief
is encircled by stylized tools on a white enamel background; the whole is en-
circled by a gold-plated wreath, on the left side of which are gold-plated laurel
leaves and on the right side two ears of grain.
The Order of labor, Second Class, is a five-pointed silver star, the points
of which are decoratively rounded. In the center is an allegorical relief of
a male and female bead on an open book. The relief also contains a hammer and
sickle. The lover border of the relief is a laurel wreath and the upper border
a gear. Relief, laurel leaves, and gear are of gold-plated silver.
The Order of Labor, Third Class, is the same shape and composition as the
Order, Second Class, except that the relief in the center of the star is of
patinated silver, and the hammer and sickle are gold plated.
The Medal of Labor is made of gold-plated brass and is round. It shows a
male and female head in relief on an open book, with hammer and sickle above the
book. On the reverse side is the inscription "Medal of Labor" encircled by a
laurel wreath.
Order of the Yugoslav Flag, First Second Third Fourth and Fifth Class
The Order of the Yugoslav Flag (all classes) is awarded for outstanding
achievements in developing and strengthening peaceful cooperation and friendly
relations between Yugoslavia and other countries.
The Order of the Yugoslav Flag, First Class, consists of two parts, a star
and a ribbon. The star consists of two five-pointed silver stars crossed with
grooves, upon which is placed a third five-pointed silver star with gold-plated
rays of irregular length between its points. In the center of the order is a
gold-plated laurel wreath in relief; a colored-enamel Yugoslav flag lies over it
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in a horizontal Position. The ribbon is of 12-centimeter-wide silk In the national
colors. It hall a brooch on which there is a flag and a golden wreath. The star
is worn on the left side above the waist while the ribbon is worn over the right
shoulder down to the left side.
Doctor Ivan Ribar, President of the Presidium of the federal People e-s Assem-
bly is the only person yet decorated with the Order of the Yugoslav Flag, First
Class. This decoration was awarded to him on 20 January 1951 for outstanding
service to the Yugoslav people.
The Order of the Yugoslav Flag, Second Class, is a grooved five-pointed silver
star with rays of irregular length between its points. In the center of the star
is a gold-plated laurel wreath over which the Yugoslav national flag in colored
enamel lies in a horizontal position. The reverse side of the order is the same
except that the national coat of arms is in the center instead of the flag and
laurel wreath. This order is worn around the neck. This order also has a star
identical to the star of the Order of the Yugoslav Flag, First Class, except that
the radial rays between the points of the star are silver instead of gold-plate.
The star is worn on the right side above the waist.
The Order of the Yugoslav Flag, Third Class, is the same form and composi-
tion as the Order of the Yugoslav Flag, Second Class, and is worn around the neck.
However, this order does not have the additional star.
The Order of the Yugoslav Flag, Fourth Class, is a grooved five-pointed silver
star with gold-plated rays of irregular length between its points. In the center
of the star is a laurel wreath in relief of patinat;; silver; over it the Yugoslav
flag lies in a horizontal position.
The Order of the Yugoslav Flag, Fifth Class, is a grooved five-pointed sil-
ver star with radial rays of irregular length between ite points. In the center
of the star is a laurel wreath in relief of patinated silver; over it lies the
Yugoslav flag in a horizontal position.
Order of Hero of Socialist Labor
The Order of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded to individuals, collectives,
enterprises, or establishments which show outstanding work results, thus render-
ing outstanding service in economic, social, state, scientific, or cultural ac-
tivities of general importance to the development of socialism and to the strength-
ening of the power and reputation of Yugoslavia.
The Order of Hero of Socialist Labor is a five-pointed star with radial rays
between the points. In the center of the star is a round relief of patinated sil-
ver allegorically portrcjing socialist Yugoslavia in the form of a woman with
the flag in her right hand and her left arm stretched forward. In the background
are-factories and bridges. The relief is encircled by a gold frame set with 38
small rubies. Five figures of women each holding laurel wreaths in their out-
stretched hands, symbolizing the five Yugoslav nationalities fill the spaces be-
tween the points of the star. In the middle of each laurel wreath, there is an
oval-shaped ruby 5 to 6.5 millimeters in size. The female figures and laurel
wreaths are of gold.
The Order of Hero of Socialist Labor is one cf the highest orders of Yugo-
slavia.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2011/10/25 : CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100209-7