USSR SCREW-CUTTING LATHES AND VERTICAL BORING MILLS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700100430-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 24, 2011
• Sequence Number: 430
• Publication Date: February 6, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION FOAFIDEwTIAL
CENTRAL INTELL~GENAGENN
COUNTRY USSR
INFORMATION FROM REPORT 50X1-HUM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO. I
DATE OF
SUBJECT Aconomic; Technological - Machine tools INFORMATION 1932 - 1951
HOW
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical DATE DIST. ( Feb 1953
WHERE
PUBLICHED Moscow M
Nn !1C DAnrc.
DATE
PUBLISHED Jun 1951
LANGUAGE Russian SUPPLEMENT TO
AT.
Stanki i Instrument No 6, 1951.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
USSR SCREW-OVITING LATHES AND VERTICAL BORING MILLS
The extensive development of high-speed machining methods and of high-
quality domestic hard alloys, types T5K10, T15K6, T30K4, VK8,
has brought about a rapid increase in the speed cud.
machine tools. peed and power of metal-cutting
For purposes of comparison, Table 1 shows the average cutting speeds
and power used in lathe operations for machining different grades of steel
with hard-alloy cutters and with high-speed-steel cutters, with the depth
of cut t = 2 millimeters, and feed s e 0.5 millimeter per revolution.
Table 1
Cutters
Steel Being Machined
35
45
60
.-., - _-y
195
162
128
High-speed steel
26
21
15
hard alloy
7.6
7
6.4
High-speed steel 1.31 1.15cutting0,89
It is clear from the above table that in turningmparedsteelwith35, the
speed, with the use of a hard-alloy tool ~s co ahigh-speed-steel
too], increases 3-7.5 times, whereas in turning steel 60, it increases 8.6
times; that is, the tougher the material being machined, the greater the in-
crease in cutting speeds. A similar situation occurs in regard to the power.
Table 2 shows the cutting conditions for turning steel 60 with hard-alloy
and high-speed-steel cutting tools for a duration of 240 minutes.
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
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Feed
SESLI-2-1
Cutters
Hard-alloy
High-speed steel
Hard-alloy
High-speed steel
Hard-alloy
High-epetd steel
Hard-alloy
High-speed steel
J Hard-alloy
L High-speed steel
Cutting Speeds, m/min With the
Depth of Cut in Millimeters
0.5mm lmm
310 300
32.5 31.5
275 250
32.5 30
260 225
30.5 29
160
27
2mm 4mm 8mm
325
29.5
240
28.5
200 185
27.5 25
143 133 128
25 23 20
110 101 98
speed increases sharply - --- ? u-rease in the amount of feed, the cutting
the speed of hard- For example, with a feed of one millimeter per revolution,
alloy cutters is 5.5 times the speed of high-speed-steel cutters;
and with a feed of 0.1 millimeter per revolution, 9.5 t m s.
Thus the use of hard-alloy cutting tools requires a considerable increase in
machine-tool power and speed; this is ve.-ified by the data given in Table 3.
Table 3
Cutting Conditions in Machining Steel, b e 70 kg/sq mm
With Hard-Alloy and High-speed-Steel Cutting Tools
Depth Feed
mm rev) Cuttiu Tools Cutting Speed
2 0.5 High-speed steel 25
Hard-alloy 140
4 1 High-speed steel 18
Hard-alloy 100
Power
1.2
5.8
2.5
17
In the following account, the terms "roughing" and "finishing" will be used;
they are relative and depend on the type of production; for example, at instinmoent-
building plants, roughing operations correspond to finishing operatione at medium
mach..ne-building plants.
Table 4 gives the limits which define the concept of rough, semifinish, and
finish machining in medium machine building.
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Type of l4schinin
Depth of cut, mm
Feed, mm/rev
Cross section, mm2
Rough Semifinish Finish
> 5 2-5 0.4 0.2-0.4 __-0.2
> 2 0.4-2 < n.4
High-speed-steel
Required power, cutters > 2 0.5-2 < 0.5
kw Hard-alloy cutters > 12 4_12 < 4
From this table it is clear that a chip with a cross section of one square
millimeter (t- 2 mm, s = 0.5 mm/rev falls within the category of sem'finishing.
If steels ;5, 45, and 60 are machined with hard-alloy cutters at t c 2 milli-
meters and s ^ 0.5 millimeter per revolution, the power of the machine tool must
be 6.4-7.6 kilowatts; for a rough chip 5 square meters in cross section, the power
must be 20 kilowatts.
machinery 1 Lappentde7 shows the approximate increase in cutting speed and power
ry steel ?p = 70 kilograms per square millimeter depending on the type
of cutters used; for example, in machining with a high-speed-steel cutter1.the
cutting speed, feed, and power correspond to Area A; cutters with tungsten carbide
blades, Area B; and with tungsten-titanium-cobalt, Area C.
Changes in technical specifications of lathes can be seen from Table 5.
sable follows on next page
?m
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Model
Ho
Year of
Diameter
of Work
Over Bed
and
Distance
Between
Centers,
1615
1933
320x750
1615M
1948
320x(50
0
1610
1949
320x750
1D62
1932
400x1000
1A62
1949
40ox10c0
1620
1950
400x1000
1D63
1933
615x1500
1D63A
1950
615x1500
1D64
1934
800x3000
164
1950
800x3000
No of
Spindle
Table 5
Table of Comparison of
Technical Specifications of 014 and Nev Machine Toole
Range of
Feeds,
m-1 rev
No of.
Ratio
or,
Weight
to
Feeds
prom
To
Hv
% of In-
crease
of In-
crease
Power,
kg -L
40
0.06
2.73
1.5
-- 850
--
565
40
0.06
2.7
2.2
47 980
11
445
70
0.06
2.4
4.3
185 1,900
122
44o
0-12
2.15
3.5
-- 1,600
--
450
35
0.08
1.59
7.8
100 2,200
38
280
0.05
2.0
13.0
270 3,700
130
280
2.65
6.8
-- 3,1.50
500
10
46 3,450
345
3.14
11
6,650
600
100 1,400
110
64o
Range of
Speeds rpm
From
To
% of In-
crease
of Mc x
Speed
8
26
492
8
44
1,000
12
44
1,980
302
18
12
60o
24
11.5
1,200
100
Inm3itely 18
400
Variable
18
S.6
480
--
18
?4
750
56
12
8
362
--
7.5
750
100
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50X1-HUM
Model 1616 screw-cutting lathe Lchematic drawing available in source in
CIA], makes. possible the full utilization of bard-alloy tools in finish machining
of steel and partial utilization in machining nonferrous and light metals. Semi-
finishing and light roughing operations can be performed on it.
Full utilization of hard-alloy cutting tools in machining nonferrous and
light metals requires the application of high cutting speeds; in rough machining
of steel blanks with maximum depth of cut and feed, high power is required.
The meeting of these requirements in universal machine tools is technically
difficult and leads to excessive complexity and cost of the machine tool. It is
more expedient to design and manufacture machine tools of a more simple design.
An automatic lathe photograph available in source in CIA; model number is
not give with a power of 24 kilowatts is intended for machining graduated
shafts with hard-alloy cutters according to a former with the use of an electric
tracer. In size, it corresponds to Model 1D62.
The power of Model 1616 is three times as greet as the power of its prede-
cessor, Model 1615, and its speed is four times as great.
The special design features of Model 1616 are (a) a rigid bed mounted on
an ordinary base; (b) a "razdelennyy" spindle drive from the gear box with the
possibility of using a mechanical variable gear or another drive; (c) a bracket-
type arrangement of the driving V-belt pulley; (d) a tapered spindle nose which
eliminates the self-unscrewing of the chuck; (e) an enclosed feed box with con-
venient control; (t) an apron of improved design permitting operation up to the
stops; (g) mechanized carriage travel with convenient control and large-diameter
dials; and (h) attractive external design.
This machine tool is produced in two modifications; Model 1616 with normal
accuracy and'Model 1616P with increased accuracy.
Another type-size or a screw-cutting lathe is Model 1620. This machine
tool has a "razdelennyy" smoothly adjusting spindle drive from a variable gear,
with mechanical synchronization of the clutches and gears at the momer: of
shifting. A special mechanism with a drum is used for changing speed. The
latter is actuated by a separate electric motor,through a V-belt drive and two
worm pairs. This mechanism permits the selection of any spindle speed by
pressing a button.
The new shape of the spindle nose eliminates the self-unscrewing of the
faceplate. schematic drawings and more detailed description o: Models 1620
and 1A62 are available in source
Model 164 heavy screw-cutting lathe is being manufactured in place of
Model 1D64. schematic drawing of kinematic system of Model 164 is evailable
is source in CIAJ Machine tool drive is from a separate electric motor
through a V -belt transmission and gear bo..
The shifting of spindle speeds is done hydrcmechanically with a speed
preselector. The spindle is supported in the front and rear by double-row
cylindrical roller bearings with tapered internal holes and in the =enter by
a single-row roller bearing. The axial load is absorbed by two radial thrust
bearings.
The universal feedbox is of the encloses type. It permits the cutting of
any type of thread without changing gears. The shifting process is simplified
because it is controlled by a minimum number of levers and by an ocular device.
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The compound slide has rapid mechanized movements in any direction from
a separate electric motor with convenient control by means of a lever.
The apron is equipped with four electromagnetic clutches for independent
engagement and reversal of the longitudinal and transverse feeds. Not only can
the machine tool semiautomatically do form-turning according to a former or a
model; but it can also machine graduated shafts with the use of lathe dogs. The
tailatock has a built-in live center.
The basic specifications of universal lathes being produced at present
are making possible the utilization of hard-alloy tools; however, there are
insufficient grounds for certain basic specifications and for the degree of
automatization. This leads to excessive complexity and cost of machine tools.
For example, it is positively unwise to accept the wide range of spindle
toospeehighd The top spindle speed of 3,000 revolutions per minute is
It mast be noted that new machine tools are being developed on the basis
of different design systems without using methods of uz,ification and comparison.
Thus, the prewar experience of designing unified machine tools for the Izhevsk
Plant, as well as the methcd of planning similar machine-tool designs with a
swing of 200, 300, and sometimes 400 millimeters at the Krasnyy Proletariy
Plant are not being used.
In the future, universal unified screw-cutting lathes must be developed
in the normal course of events and on the basis of these, automatics must also
be developed. This procedure will make it possible to design inexpensive and
reliable machine tools.
The impression that a universal machine tool is a machine intended for
use in series production must be changed. Such machine tools are being used
in series-producing shops at present because of a shortagp of high-duty
multitool machine tools and quick retooling semiautomatic lathes which can
utilize completely the cutting properties of hard-alloy tools. These types
of machine tools must be built.
T'7 addition to normal universal machine tools, simplified lathes must
be produced for the MPS, kolkhoz workshops, etc.
A number of modern high-duty double-sided vertical boring and turning
mills were perfected in 1950. A short list of specifications of these
machine tools is given in Table 6.
Machine Tool Model Numbers
Ma
i
15551
1551y
1553
1556
157
x
mum workpiece diameter, mm
Weight of work
i
1,500
1,500
2,100
2,500
7,000
p
ece, tons
Range of face
lat
5.0
1.0
6.o
14.0
150
p
e speeds, rpm
3-96
11-300
?_2_71 f
~ - I.., ~
- __ --
motor, kw ---
28
37
37-40
37-40
120
Weight, tons 21.0 23.0 35.0 42.0 350
jhotographs of Models 1551 and 1556, and schematic drawings of Model
1551 are available in source. Photograph of Model 1553 is available in
CIA in Stanki i Instrument, Oct 1950, front cover.,
-6-
CONFIDERTIAI,
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The design of these machine tools permits the utilization of hard-alloy
tools. Their operation has been mechanized to a considerable degree.
~~?Theefollowing operations ycaec performed on Model 1551 vertical boring
mill: tu f~ and bor ra
ing and thread-cutti , tapered, and irregularly-shaped
driL ing, counterboring, and ream; and with the use of a revolving head,
g
fcte is driven by three-phase 28-kv electric motor whichTis connected to a 16-stage a single-
abpeed
Model 1551V double-sided machi
machi ne tool of the same t ee gear
ning items made of light allo It ode-size is intended for
spindle speeds which. reach up to 300 rev
faceplate revolution olutions per minute, while the feed per
is 4.5 tim?a less than that of Model 1551.
Model 1553 is a second type-size of vertical doubled-sided boring mill. Its
design is similar to Model 1551.
A vide unification has taken place between Models 1551 and 1553. Model
1551 has 795 nonunified parts and 581 unified; Model 1553 has only 159 monuni-
fied and 1,181 unified; that is, 88
degree of unification great;, acceleratercet have been s~~machine-tool output. Such a high
Double-sided vertical boring mill Model 1556 is intended for machining
items up to 14 tons in weight and 2,500 millimeters in diameter. It is a
third type-size. It has remote control and enough interlocks to protect it
from breakdown.
A unique doubled-sided vertical boring mill, Model 157, is intended for
4, chining items up to 150 tons in weight, 7,000 millimeters in diameter, and
000 millimeters high. It has 14 electric motors with a total power of 200
kilowatts.
In addition to the above-described double-sided vertical boring mills,
machine tools have been designed to machine items up to 3,200, 4,000 and
5,000 millimeters in diameter.
Lppended figure follows]
120
M IN
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