REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN USSR LOCAL AND COOPERATIVE INDUSTRIES, JANUARY 1953

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700110471-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 14, 2011
• Sequence Number: 471
• Publication Date: June 8, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION ~1CCOTNFFIDDNENNNCE AGTIALTI
CENTRAL INTELLIGEY ON
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Economic - Local, cooperative industries
HOW
PUBLISHED Daily newspapers
WHERE
PUBLISHED USSR
DATE
PUBLISHED 3 - 31 Jan 1953
LANGUAGE
THIS DOCCNINT CONTAINS IOISNATION A/TlCTIN. TN. xanouL SADIST.
Or Txa UNRIS STAINS NITI? Till NSANINS Or IIHO...1 ACT SI
1. C.. l l AND S.. U A....... ITS TIUNSNINCIoN ON Txa .ISRATIO.
0/ ITS CO.T.NTS IN ANY SATINS TO AN ONAUTNOmao SIlLON Is PRO'
noxulrao.
.INnan .T LAN. N.MOSUMON Of TNIS ISIS It
REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
DATE DIST. B Jun 1953
NO. OF PAGES 6
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS IN USSR LOCAL AND
COOPERATIVE INDUSTRIES, JANUARY 1953
'omment: This report presents information, from January 1953
Soviet newspapers, on construction and production achievements and
shortcomings in USSR local and cooperative industries.
Numbers in parentheses refer to appended sources
Karelo-Finnish SSR
In 1952, republic local industry increased production 30 percent, as com-
pared with. 1951. In 1953, the Kondopozhskiy Rayon and Ukhta City industrial
combines are to produce more than 25,000 pairs of skis. In 1953 republic
local industry is to increase production more than 40 percent.(1j
The Petrozavodsk Sewing and Knitwear Artel is the largest enterprise of
republic industrial cooperatives. However, the artel is not operating satis-
factorily and is not fulfilling plans assigned to it. The artel did not ful-
fill the 1952 plan and failed to deliver to trade organizations more than
10,000 knitted outer garments, 3,500 pairs of underwear, and more than
9,500 pairs of hosiery.
During the first 11 months of 1952, the Petrozavodsk Artel did not con-
cern itself with improving its organization of knitwear production or with es-
tablishing uniform production of jumpers, scarves, children's suits, stockings,
and socks, which i; the assortment called for by plan. However, at the end
of the year, leaders of the artel ordered a curtailment in hosiery production,
which requires a great deal of care and complicated dyeing techniques. All
production resources were concentrated on above-plan production of women's
wool jackets. As a result, 1,221 jackets were manufactured instead of the
planned 552. By the end of the year, more than 1,000 jackets worth 196,000
rubles had accumulated in the artel warehouse. Trade organizations refuse to
accept the merchandise as it is of extremely low grade.
- 1 -
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL
Al,wy AIR FBI I I
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This situation, however, did not seem to worry the artel leaders. To
them it was important only that the knitwear shop be credited with fulfill-
ment of the December plan by 102.6 percent, even though in so doing the shop
failed to produce 2,670 of the more important knitted garments and 870 pairs
of hosiery.(2)
The most important assignment of local industry enterprises is to utilize
effectively and completely all industrial wastes, both their own and those re-
ceived from other enterprises for reprocessing. Only a few enterprises of
Estonian local industry are devoting any time and effort to this problem. The
Morskiy Rayon Industrial Combine has organized production of small articles
necessary for domestic purposes to be manufactured out of tin scraps and
wastes. The Tsentral'nyy Rayon Industrial Combine in Tallin is producing
neckties out of silk fabric scraps. This same combine is reprocessing fabric
scraps for wadding which is used in stuffing mattresses.(3)
During the first 2 years of the Fifth Five-Year Plan, production of Es-
tonian industrial cooperatives increased almost 50 percent, as compared with
1950.
In 1952, new mechanized production of rubber was mastered at the Tegur
Artel in Tallin. The principal product of this new industry is rubber cloth.
This artel is capable of producing up to one million square meters of rubber
cloth annually. The artel is using this product in the manufacture of chil-
dren's toys.
In 1952, the Puyt Artel in Tartu organized woodworking and furniture pro-
duction. A new combine entirely for personal services has been constructed
at the Edasi Artel in Narva. In the combine are housed a shoemaker's, tailor's,
hairdresser's, watch repair, and other shops.
Production of sewn articles at the Terasniyt Artel in Tallin has in-
creased 50 percent during 1951 and 1952. Dozens of highly productive sewing
machines, which have been received from other republics, are now power driven.
Continuous production lines have been installed in the artel. This artel also
produces specially constructed saws.
During 1951 and 1952, brick production enterprises of industrial coopera-
tives in Antsla, Vyru, Vil'yandi, and Rakverg were completely reconstructed.
During this period, the re-equipped brick enterprises doubled brick produc-
tion, as compared with 1950.
In 1952, the Rakhva Toyt Food Artel opened two new shops for production
of fruit and berry wine and candy. The Presto Artel, which in the past pro-
duced only bakelite buttons, has converted to production of a variety of Bake-
lite consumers' goods. The Vyal'k Artel is successfully reprocessing indus-
trial wastes. The artel produces ladies' fur coats from wastes of the fur
industry and all kinds of children's underclothing from wastes of the textile
industry. The Konserv, Agu, Progress, and Pyarnuprodukt fishing artels have
started to process fish in their own shops and are producing marinated and
salted fish as well as a variety of canned pickled fish.
In 1953, production of mirrors, footwear with microporous rubber, tile,
green paint from glauconite, and many other products is to be mastered by
metal, chemical, and other enterprises of Estonian industrial cooperatives.(4)
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The Keylaskiy Rayon Industrial Combine in Tallinskaya Oblast produces
wool fabrics. With the looms, cards, and mules with which shops of the com-
bine have been supplied, the combine could produce nearly 30,000 meters of
wool fabrics monthly. However, at present the combine is producing only
10,000 to 11,000 meters.
During 1952, stoppages due to lack of raw materials and electric power
at the combine amounted to nearly 28,000 man-hours. As of 27 January 1953,
nothing had been done by administrative leaders to eliminate these interrup-
tions in operation.(5)
Latvian SSR
Local industry enterprises of Skrundskiy Rayon are not supplying kol-
khozes with the construction materials necessary in rural construction. The
Skrundskiy Rayon Industrial Combine is not operating at all satisfactorily.
The Nigrade Calcium Plant of the combine is located in an area of rich de-
posits of limestone from which is obtained the best white calcium in the Bal-
tic region. The plant is operating inefficiently. Only one small furnace out
of two is opevazing. The plant at full capacity operation could not only sup-
ply kolkhozes of Skrundskiy and other rayons with limestone, but could even
provide other industrial and construction enterprises of the republic with
this valuable product. Thus, the Slokskiy Paper Combine imports annually from
the Estonian SSR several thousand tons of limestone, while the best limestone
in the Baltic region remains unused in Skrundskiy Rayon.
Kolkhozes of the rayon are experiencing an acute shortage of lumber.
For example, the Varonis Kolkhoz could not finish construction of an eight-
apartment house because there were no facilities for sawing lumber on the kol-
khoz. In this situation, the rayon industrial combine should have come to
the assistance of the kolkhoz. But only one of four saw frames at the combine
was operating, and that one was fulfilling orders for a Leningrad organization.
In the meantime, the kolkhoz had to saw the lumber manually or obtain it from
distant sawmills. This situation could have been avoided had the combine set
up portable saw frames near the kolkhozes.
Production of bricks has not been extensively organized in Skrundskiy Rayon.
The small plant of the rayon combine produces nearly 300,000 bricks annually,
which does not begin to satisfy the needs of the kolkhozes. Because of this,
Skrundskiy Rayon kolkhozes are forced to import bricks from neighboring rayons.
This is all the more annoying since there are two other brick plants in the
rayon which have not been put in operating condition. The combine also is
not supplying the kolkhozes with enough construction parts, making it neces-
sary for kolkhozes either to produce the parts themselves on whatever equip-
ment there is available on the kolkhoz or to import the parts from other ra-
yons. As yet, tile production has not been organized although there are
rich raw material resources available in the rayon.(6j
Belorussian SSR
More than 30 types of products are produced by the Bobruysk City Indus-
trial Combine. A large number of these products are delivered to kolkhozes
and are used'in the mechanization of labor-consuming processes on livestock
farms. Enterprises of the combine produce feed cookers and roofing material
for kolkhozes, help in sawing wood, and repair power and agricultural ma-
chinery. As of 13 January, the feed cooker shop had already shipped four
railroad cars of feed cookers produced in 1953 to kolkhozes of Mogilevskaya
Oblast .(7)-
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Ukrainian SSR
Ir 1952, the network of personal cervices enterprises was expanded
throughout the oblast by order of the Kiyevskaya Oblast Executive Committee.
However, these enterprises were not assured of a regular supply of raw ma-
terials. In Bukskiy Rayon of the oblast, all 16 personal services shops are
located in private homes and utilize chiefly rented sewing machines.(8)
Moldavian SSR
In 1952, production of Moldavian local industry increased more than
50 percent, as compared with 1950. In 1951 and 1952, 15 power hammers and
presses, 20 turning lathes, and 7 mechanized sewing aggregates were installed
In enterprises of republic local industry. A spinning aggregate with
200 spindles has been put in operation and will replace much manual labor.
Although the ministry as a whole fulfilled the 1952 plan, 13 enterprises did
not fulfill their production assignments.
The goal. 'f' the Ministry of Local Industry Moldavian SSR is to supply.
adequately each rayon of the republic with construction materials such as
quarrystone, brick, calcium, and tile. Production of these materials is be-
ing developed in industrial combines of all cities and rayons; 33 industrial
combines are producing brick, 26 tile, and 5 boilers. In 1952, republic local
industry production of brick increased 180 percent, tile 208 percent, and
boilers 180 percent, as compared with 1950. In 1953, ten new tile shops are
to be constructed and eight existing shops are to be reconstructed.(9)
There are far too few mechanized brick, tile, and calcium plants in Novo-
sibirskaya Oblast to satisfy kolkhoz and sovkhoz demands. Production of exist-
ing plants is expensive, and products are not always of good quality. In 1952,
enterprises of oblast local industry and the oblast council of industriaL co-
operatives produced nearly 25 million bricks, but only a small part of this
production went into kolkhoz construction. In 1952, industrial artels of the
oblast were to have produced 250,000 square meters of roofing paper for rural
construction, but actually produced 16,000 square meters. Industrial artels
delivered to kolkhozes 1,528 metric tons of lime instead of the planned
2,800 metric tons.(10)
In 1952, local and cooperative industries of Omskaya Oblast produced
14 million rubles worth of furniture.(11)
Uzbek 3SR
Enterprises of the Ministry of Local Industry Uzbek SSR are increasing
production of construction materials. A new brick plant with a productivity
of more than 2 million bricks annually has been put in operation in Syr-Dar'-
inskiy Rayon of Tashkentskaya Oblast. Soon, the brick plant in Akhunbaba-
yevskiy Rayon of Ferganskaya Oblast is to go in operation. By 1955, 20 such
plants are to ha?,e been put in operation in the Uzbek SSR. A plant for bind-
ing materials production is being constructed in Kuvasay, Ferganskaya Oblast.
Mass tile production is being set up in Termez, and lime production is being
greatly expanded in Kara-Kalpakskaya ASSR and Samarkandskaya, Tashkentskaya,
and other oblasts.(12)
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Tadzhik SSR
In 1953, production volume of Tadzhik SSR local industry is to increase
20 percent.
In 1953, republic production of table salt is to be greatly increased.
In 1952, salt steaming was organized in Kolkhozabadskiy Rayon. This salt is
crushed in Stalinabad, packed, and then put out for sale. Salt shipments to
southern rayons of the republic are to be increased in 1953.
New brick plants in Kulyab and in Gissarskiy Rayon and new enterprises
for construction materials production in Shakhrinau and Ura-Ryub are to sup-
ply kolkhozes with all materials necessary for new construction. Production
of tile is being organized at the Gissar Brick Plant. New equipment has been
installed at the Ordzhonikidezabad Tile Plant.(13)
In 1952, the Stalinabad City Industrial Combine was to have produced
4 million rubles worth of sewn articles, but actually produced only one mil-
lion rubles worth. At the same time, 3,500,000 rubles worth of unplanned
products, such as bags, aprons, tarpaulins, etc., were produced, although the
combine was aware that certain artels of cooperative industry must produce
these products. According to the 1952 plan, the combine was to have produced
2,500,000 children's suits, dresses, shirts, and other articles, but prod:ced
only 260 in all.
Even worse was the fulfillment of the 1952 plan for clothing and foot-
wear repair. This plan was fulfilled only 10 percent. Of 1,000 pairs of
children's footwear to be repaired according to the plan, only 67 pairs were
actually repaired.
There are 30 percent more workers at the combine than called for by plan.
One third of the workers are not fulfilling established production norms; con-
sequently, the 1952 labor productivity plan was fulfilled little more than
80 percent.(14)
Cooperative industry of the Tadzhik SSR is operating very inefficiently.
During the first 11 months of 1952, artels of Tadzhikpromsovet (Tadzhik Council
of Industrial Cooperative) did not fulfill the plan and failed to meet state
deliveries by many millions of rubles. One third of the production artels of
the republic are consistently not fulfilling their plans. Tadzhikpromsovet
fulfilled the 11-month gross production plan 94 percent, but fulfilled the
production plan for footwear, cotton fabrics, and metal beds only 40 percent
and for brick only 20 percent.
Operation of Tadzhikkoopinsoyuz (Tadzhik Union of Invalids' Cooperatives)
is even worse. Tadzhikkoopinsoyuz did not even come close to fulfilling the
11-month plan and failed to meet state deliveries by almost 9 million rubles.
As a rule, artels of Kulyabskaya Oblast are consistently not fulfilling plans.
Cooperative industry of Kulyabskaya Oblast fulfilled the 1952 plan 76 percent,
and the Leninabadskaya Oblast Koopinsoyuz even less. Koopinsoyuz is not ful-
filling assortment plans and is producing low-quality goods; the 1952 plan for
footwear production wan fulfilled only '(2 percent and for cotton fabrics little
more than 60 percent.(15)
SOURCES
1. Petrozavodsk, Leninskoye Znamya, 18 Jan 53
2. Ibid., 17 Jan 53
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3. Tallin, Sovetskaya Estoniya, 30 Jan 53
4. Ibid., 17 Jan 53
5. Ibid., 28 Jan 53
6. Riga, Sovetskaya Latviya, 13 Jan 53
7. Moscow, Sotsialisticheskoye Zemledeliye, 14 Jan 53
8. Moscow, Izvestiya, 16 Jan 53
9. Kishinev, Sovetskaya Moldaviya, 14 Jan 53
10. Izvestiya, 3 Jan 53
11. Ibid., 31 Jan 53
12. Sotsialisticheskoye Zemledeliye, 8 Jan 53
13. Stalinabad, Kommunist Tadzhikistana, 14 Jan 53
14. Ibid., 13 Jan 53
15. Ibid., 7 Jan 53
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