DEVELOPMENT OF RADIO AND RADIO BROADCASTING STATIONS IN YUGOSLAVIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700120148-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 14, 2011
• Sequence Number: 148
• Publication Date: July 13, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

!UN-19E2 51-4C
CLASSIFICATIpI~ RESTRICTED
SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
COUNTRY Yugoslavia
SUBJECT Economic - Telecommunications
HOW
PUBLISHED Handbook and newspaper
WHERE
PUBLISHED Belgrade
DATE
PUBLISHED Nov 1948 - 16 Jul 1952
LANGUAGE Serbian; Croatian
]IIT.I NNITTO II.TI /~.]]. N Nl N/..I./ 0 ITII 1 .1]ICTI]N iIT/]
..o n.. or rN/ u./. coo/,'uT .NCNO.o. n/T1..N /N,]v o. o. urc.
DATE DIST. I'' Jul 1953
NO. OF PAGES 7
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS IJ.PIEVALUATED INFORMATION
DEVELOPMENT OF RADIO AND RADIO BROADCASTING STATIONS IN YUGOSLAVIA
ffart 1 of the following report, which describes the develop-
ment of radio in Yugoslavia, is based on articles in Informativni
prirucnik o_ Jugoslaviji (November - December 1948, and Book 1, Sec-
tion 5, 1950 , a handbook which has been issued in sections since
late 1948 by the Yugoslav Directorate for Information. Part 2,
which describes the provisions governing radio broadcasting, is
taken from Sluzbeni list FNRJ, Volume 8, No 37, 16 July 1952,]
New Broadcasting Stations
The total capacity of Yugoslav broadcasting stations increased 285 kilo-
watts in 1949. The total capacity of broadcasting stations was 167.1 kilo-
watts at the end of 1948, and was increased to 452 kilowatts by the end of
1949. The technical level of broadcasting was improved considerably with four
new medium-wave radio stations, which were put in operation in 1949.
Radio Belgrade (the federal radio station) has a new 150-kilowatt medium-
wave broadcasting station. The station functions well, although it is still
not-. at full capacity. If there is no interference with the wave length (439
meters), the broadcasts of this station will be heard easily, not only through-
out the country, but in all European countries.
Radio Zagreb has a new 135-kilowatt radio station. The new station is
still testing, so it broadcasts only in the evenings.
Radio Titograd has a new 20-kilowatt broadcasting station which c be
heard very well all over the country and abroad, especially in Albania
I
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DITSTRIIBUTI~ON
STAT
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Radio Belgrade II (the radio station of the republic of Serbia) now has
a 20-kilowatt broadcasting station. This station broadcasts solely for the
benefit of the republic of Serbia.
In addition to these four stations, a new 2-kilowatt radio station, built
completely in Yugoslavia, was put in operation in Novi Sad cn 29 November 1949.
This station has a wave length of 202 meters. Its broadcasts are directed at
the population of the Vojvodina, especially the national minorities in the
Vojvodina. The station broadcasts 5 hours daily in foreign languages.
Broadcasting Hours
The total number of broadcasting hours has increased as follows:
Hours
Minutes
1945
19,925
22
1946
31,029
16
1947
40,829
19
1948
41,862
19
1949
45,961
42
Production of Radio Receivers and Increase of Radio Subscribers
The production plan for radio receivers was fulfilled 118.4 percent in
1949. However, production capacity could n,)t satisfy actual needs, since the
demand for radio receivers has been increasing steadily. Production capacity
was limited because the "Nikola Tesla" Enterprise still merely assembles
radio receivers from parts imported from abroad. It will be possible to in-
crease production capacity to satisfy demand only when Yugoslavia can produce
all parts for radio receivers and other radiotechnical equipment, including
electronic tubes. In 1950, Yugoslavia is to produce about 50 percent of the
parts for standard radio receivers except for electronic tubes. The construc-
tidn of the first factory for the production of electronic tubes has begun.
The total number of radio subscribers in 1949 was 293,725, as compared
with 155,113 in 1939.
In Yugoslavia at the end of 1949, there was one radio receiver for the
following number of people:
Serbia
62.7
Croatia
39.9
Slovenia
24
Bosnia-Hercegovina
157
Macedonia
88
Montenegro
195.5
Yugoslavia as a whole
56
The plan for 1950 calls for one radio receiver for the following number
of people:
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Serbia 54.7
Croatia 36
Slovenia 21
Bosnia-Hercegovina 96.9
Macedonia 56.8
Montenegro 59.4
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One person out of every 45 in Yugoslavia will have a radio receiver by
the end of 1950, while only one out of 100 had one in 1939.
A network of public address systems was built, particularly in indus-
trial and economic centers, factories, cultural centers, and resorts. The
largest public address station was completed at the Bor mine in 1949. The
station has a capacity of 1.5 kilowatts and has 222 loud-speakers.
Scientific Research in Radio Engineering
Institutes for scientific research in radio engineering, which were es-
tablished in recent years, are the Central Radio Institute, the Institute for
Telecommunications of the Serbian Academy of Science in Belgrade, and the In-
stitute for Telecommunications in Ljubljana. All three institutes are in the
beginning phases of their work. The Institute for Tel ."-'mp nications in Lju-
bljana deals mostly with broadcasting and receiving on ultrashort waves. The
Institute for Telecommunications of the Serbian Academy of Science has worked
on construction and testing of some installations for frequency modulation.
The Central'Radio Institute has worked on variour measurements and calcula-
tions, particularly measurements of electromagnetic fields of radio broad-
casting stations; and on preparing a program for more extensive work on some
of the most important problems of interest to modern radio engineering. Since
the work of these three institutes was not coordinated, a Special Council for
Coordination of Scientific Research in Radio Engineering was established in
the federal Administration for the Development of Production.
Development of Trained Personnel
The training of personnel is a basic problem in the entire future develop-
ment and progress of radio engineering. The first generation of young engi-
neers is now /9527 graduating from advanced technical schools. However, their
qualifications are not yet high enough, for they are not yet sufficiently spe-
cialized in radio technique.
The first secondary technical schools for training radio technicians in
Yugoslavia include one in Belgrade and one in Zagreb; 210 students are en-
rolled in Belgrade and 70 in Zagreb. A radio night school has been estab-
lished in Belgrade for 60 students recruited from among qualified blue-collar
workers who, after 3 years of schooling, will have the rating of secondary-
school radio technician. In 1950, such radio evening courses for blue-collar
workers will be established in Zagreb, Ljubljana, Sarajevo, and Skoplje. The
first industrial school, with 60 students enrolled in its first year, has been
established in Nis to satisfy the needs of the radio industry. An identical
school will be opened in Belgrade in 1950. In addition to these schools,
skilled workers are trained for the radio industry in various courses (courses
for toolmakers, glass blowers, winders, trained draftsmen, etc.). This will
increase the number of trained personnel, but will still not satisfy basic
needs.
New radio stations, new industries, institutes for scientific research,
numerous shops for repair and maintenance of radio receivers and other techni-
cal radio installations, and the needs of the army require excel.:ional efforts
toward educating numerous and !apable radio engineering personnel.
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RESTRICTED
PART 2. DECREE ON PUBJ.IC RADIO BROADCASTING STATIONS
AND RADIO BROADCASTING
Upon the proposal of the Council of Science and Culture of the Government
of the PNRJ, the-federal goverment has issued the following Decree on Public
Radio Broadcasting Stations and Radio Broadcasting:
.Public radio broadcasting stations may be established by the federal gov-
ernment and the governments of the republics, after a preliminary opinion has
been obtained from the Radio Broadcasting L:ouncil.
Public radio broadcasting; stations may be established by srez or city
people's councils upon approval of the republic agency for science and cul-
ture, which first obtains a preliminary opinion from the Radio Broadcasting
Council.
Article2
Public radio broadcasting stations (hereinafter radio stations) are eco-
nomic establishments independently financed.
Article 3
The pay of wLite- and blue-collar workers of a radio station is fixed by
a pay regulation issued by the station's administrative council in agreement
with the appropriate higher labor union organ.
Article 4
The founding authority of the radio station may transfer its jurisdiction
over individual radio stations to autonomous groups or srez or city people's
councils.
Article
The organs of the radio station are the administrative council and the di-
rector of the station.
Article 6
Radio stations are legal entities.
Article 7
The administrative 'dodncil' ' of a radio station is composed of a direc-
tor, representatives o? individual social organizations, and representatives of
the station's work collBcti*e.:..
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 The founding authority fixes the number of representatives which the work
collective and social organizations may elect to the council.
The founding authority approves the election of these reprecentatives.
Article 8
The chairman of the administrative council is elected by the members of
the council for a period of one year.
The director of the radio station may not be chairman of the council.
Article 9
The administrative council is specifically authorized to do the following.
Issue regulations for the radio station
Submit estimates of receipts and expenditures
Make decisions on administration and issue instructions on the sta-
tion's work and organization
Issue the regulation on pay of blue- and white-collar workers
Provide for the correct application of the pay regulation
Rule on the distribution of the station's resources
Submit a final balance sheet.
Article 10
The director of.the radio station is appointed by the founding authority.
The director manages the radio station directly according to the station's
laws and regulations, and the decisions of the administrative council.
The director supervises the execution of the estimate of receipts and ex-
penditures.
Article 11
The decisions of the administrative council are binding on the director,
and he is responsible for seeing that they are carried out.
Article 12
Detailed regulations on the rights and duties of the administrative coun-
cil and the director of the radio station will be planned for in the station's
regulations.
Article 13
Receipts of a radio station are revenues from radio subscribers and other
revenues called for by the station's regulations.
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Article 14
Radio subscriptions are paid by owners of radio receivers who use them,
trade enterprises dealing in radio receivers, and artisans' workshops re-
pairing radio receivers.
Radio subscriptions are paid in fixed amounts, according to a schedule
of rates issued by the appropriate state organ.
The republic government fixes the percentage of receipts from radio
subscriptions which is distributed to individual radio stations.
Article 1
A radio station has an amortization fund, capital investment fund, and
reserve fund.
Article 16
Up to 20 percent of realized income will be used for establishing or
supplementing capital investment and reserve funds.
Article 17
The founding authority of a radio station may transfer its right to
appoint the director and to fix the number of members of the administra-
tive council, and the other rights established in Article 7, to the appro-
priate organ of an autonomous group or to the srez or city people's coun-
cil in whose area the radio station is located.
V. OiiNING RADIO RECEIVERS AND PAYING RADIO SUBSCRIPTIONS
Owners of radio receivers are obligated to pay a radio subscription
for each radio receiver in use. For this purpose, all owners of radio re-
ceivers must report ownership to the government-established radio station
in the capital city of the republic in whose area the owner has his resi-
dence.
If there is more than one government-established radio station in the
capital city, the republic government will indicate which radio station
will handle reports on ownership of radio receivers.
Trade enterprises dealing in radio receivers and artisans' shops for
repairing radio receivers are obligated to pay a radio subscription, and
to keep a register of sold and unsold radio receivers and a register of
radio receivers accepted for repair, respectively.
Article 12
Radio subscriptions are paid monthly in advance, beginning with the
first day of the month in which the obligation to report the radio receiver
begins.
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 radio station canno collect io ription through channels, it is authorized onntthe basiseofaexcerptscfroon its books andgular
other evidence establishing its claim to request from a court or state ar-
bitration board an order for garnishment.
Regulations applying to Judgments apply to orders for garnishment.
Article 21
Radio subscriptions may be canceled, but must be paid to the end of
the month in which they are canceled.
When a radio subscription is canceled, the radio station is authorized
to seal the radio receiver.
VI. ELIMINATING I'MMFEFERCE WITH RADIO BROADCASTING
All installations whose operation might interfere with reception of
radio programs must be fitted with equipment to eliminate interference.
A radio station or the owner of a radio receiver may submit a claim
to the appropriate srez court or state arbitration board requesting elimina-
tion of interference.
I'll- INTERIM AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Existing radio stations are proclaimed independently financed economic
establishments.
Detailed regulations for the execution of this decree will be issued
if necessary by the federal Council of Science and Culture or the republic
councils of education, science, and culture.
Article 25
This decree becomes effective on the day of itu publication in the
Sluzbeni list FNRJ.
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