SUMMARY OF USSR FISH INDUSTRY DATA, OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1952

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700120361-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 14, 2011
• Sequence Number: 361
• Publication Date: July 31, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATI sOENCI~CtONFIDENTIAL
CENTRAL INTEL~.I~E~G~'
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
REPORT
CD N0.
DATE OF
SUBJECT Economic - Fish industry, catch, products,
breeding and conservation
HOW
PUBLISHED .Daily newspapers, monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED vsSR
DATE
PUBLISHED 1 Oct - 31 Dec 195?
LANGUAGE Russian
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we n[. or ..[ u.r. ccot, luT W rem. InTU?r[n tclc+ a. uv[~
L?nor or In can[rT, ro or rrc[vr n ?. w.uTxo?um r[r,ex n
DATE DfST. 3~ dui 1953
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
SUMMARY OF USSR FISH INDUSTRY DATA OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1952
his report presents information on the 1952 Yiah catch, th_e Ptsh
products industry, and fish breeding and conservation measures, taken
from Soviet newspapers and periodicals.
Numbers in parentheses refer to appended sources
Fish Catch
During the Fourth Five-Year Yian, fishing in inland waters of the Karelo-
Finnish~SSR more than doubled. During this period, tha republic fish Sndustry
received a large quantity of improved fishing equipment and commercial boats.
However, the industry is far from making the most of its opportunities. Expe-
3ltiona conducted by the Karelo-Finnish Department of VNIORKh (All-Union Scien-
tific-Research Institute of Lake and River Fisheries), the Karelo-Finnish Affil-
iate of the Academy of Sciences USSR, and the university have confirmed the un-
limited opportunities for increased fishing in the Karelo-Finnish SSR.
An estimated fish catch of 40,000 quintals is possible in Lake Cnega. How-
ever, in 1951 and 1952, the annual catch averaged 23,000 quintals. The northern
part of Lake Ladoga has s possible yield of 25,000 quintals of fish. As yet,
the largest catch from this area has been 4,500 quintals. The total possible
fish catch in inland waters of the Karelo-Finnish SSR Ss estimated at 250,000
to 300,000 quintals annually. The total 1950 catch amounted to only 43,000 quin-
tals.
The Ministry of Fish Industry Karelo-Finnish SSR has clearly underestimated
the importance of inland water fishing and has concentrated on fishing in the
Barents Sea. This fact is Largely responsible for the poor operation of a large
number of Pishing kolkhozes. Full exploitation of inland water resources of the
Karelo-Finnish SSR could yield a greater fish catch than the average yearly plan
far the entire Soviet Union. By 1955, the lskes of the Karelo-Finnish SSR could
STATE
ARMY
NAW
AIR
NSRB
FBI
DISTRIBUTION
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yield a fish catch oP 85,000 quintals, 65,000 quintals of which would be caught
by the ministry (including state fishing enterprises and fishing kolkhozes) and
20,000 quintals by other procurement organizations. The ministry must devote
particular attention to the development of fishing in large lakes such as Ladoga,
Onega, Vygozero, Segozero, and Syamozero, and particularly in lakes of northern
Karelia such as Topozero, Pysozero, Tikat.~zero, Keret'ozero, and others. A fish
plant should be organized near the lakes of.the Rebol'skiy group (Leksozero,
Rovkul'skoye,.Lendozero). Commercial fishing has not yet been organized in this
area.
At present, 46 fishing kolkhozes are operating in inland waters of the re-
public. During the Fifth-Five-Year Plan, their number is to increase consider-
ably. To do this, it will be necessary to enlarge existing MRS (motorized fish-
ing stations) and organize new stations and subordinate branches.(1)
The fish catch in Syamozero could be greater if the Fishing-Kolkhoz Union
of the Karelo-Finnish SSR extended more aid to the fishermen working on this
body of water.(2)
Zn 1951, the republic fish industry caught 54.5 percent more fish then in
1940.(3)
During the first 9 months of 1952, enterprises of the republic fish industry
and republic fishing kolkhozes fell short of their quota by some 20,000 quintals
of fish.(4)
The White Sea State Fishing Base fulfilled the 1952 plan by 20 October and
caught 4,606 quintals of Pish above plan. Du;~ing the second 10-day period of
October 1952, the Petrozavodsk Fish Combine in the Karelo-Finnish SSR caught 500
quintals more fish than during the Pirst 10-day period. However, the Ministry
of Fish Industry Karelo-Finnish SSR and the Fishing-Kolkhoz Union are not oper-
ating satisfactorily.
In the second 10-day period of October, they failed to catch 1,171 quintals
of fish.(5)
As oP 7 Rovember, one out of 12 fishing enterprises of the Ministry of Fish
Industry Karelo-Finnish SSR, the White Sea State Fishing Base, had fulfilled the
1952 plan and had caught 25,000 quintals more fish than by the same date in 1951.(6)
As of 29 November, the enterprise had caught 7,647 quintals of fish above the 1952
plan.(7)
As of 20 November, fishing kolkhozes of Karelo-Finnish SSR had fulfilled the
1952 plan 60 percent and failed to meet state deliveries by more than 20,000
quintals. The republic fish industry fulfilled the 11-month 19`72 plan 76 per-
cent.(6)
During the second 10-day period of November 1952, enterprises of the Minis-
try of Flsh Industry Karelo-Finnish SSR and fishing arteis of the Fishing-Kolkhoz
Union caught 958 quintals more fish than during the first 10-day period. The
Belomorsk and Petrozavodsk fish combines are not operating satisfactorily. Ihir-
ing the second 10-day period of November, the Petrozavodsk Fish Combine caught
460 quintals less fish than during the first 10-day period. As of 20 November,
the republic ministry had fulfilled the 1952 plan 74 percent.(7)
In 1952, the mechanized fishing fleet of the Karelo-Finnish SSR increased
54 percent, as compared with 1951. Now there is a motorized industrial fleet in
all fishing kolkhozes which are operating in the Barents and White seas and on
Onega, Ladoga, Vygozero, Topozero, and other lakes. By the end of the Fifth Five-
Year Plan, ali republic kolkhozes are to have a motorized industrial fleet. In
1951, 38 percent of all fish catching in the republic was mechanized and in 1952,
70 percent.
s.e.sr~ - - - - --- -
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The 1953 fish-catching plan calls for a 26.2-percent increase in volume,
as compared with 1952.(6) By the end of the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the republic
fish catch is to increase 133 percent.(3)
As of 30 Septem~er, oblasts of the Estonian SSR had fulfilled the third-
quarter 1952 fishing plan as follows, in percent: Tartusksya 94.9, including
state fishing enterprises 43.5; Tallinskaya 68.'7, including state fishing enter-
prises 80.1.(8)
During the first 9z months of 1952, the Estonian fish industry caught and
processed 180,000 pud more fish than during the corresponding period of 1951 and
30 percent more than during all of 1950. In 1952, the republic fishing fleet is
to increase 1.5 times, as compared with 1951. In 1953, the fisY.ing fleet is to
receive 43 new boats.
The recently established NIIiS in Pyarnu is being equipped with large fishing
boats. The station :ias already taken on the supervision of fishing kolkhozes
in Pyarnuskiy and Kilingi-Nymmeskiy rayons and Pyarnu city. In 1953, three more
such stations are to be operating and will. take over supervision of the main bulk
of fishing kolkhozes.
The Kingisep and Rakvere fish combines in the Estonian SSR are not operating
satisfactorily with regard to fish catching or processing. During the first lOZ
months of 1952, these combines failed to meet state deliveries by more than 25,000
quintals of fish. Only five of 2!+ kolkhozes under the supervision of the Kingisep
Fish Combine fulfilled the 1952 plan and only five fulfilled the fourth-quarter
plan.(9)
In the Latvian SSR, 22 fishing kolkhozes have been organized. To develop
the republic fish industry, four FII~S were established and equipped with motor-
ized fleets and modern fishing equipment. The republic fish industry has a
trawler fleet, stationary nets, and other modern equipment. All these fishing
facilities have made it possible for republic fishermen to engage actively in
open sea fishing rather than wait for the fish to appear along the shore.(10)
In 1952, Latvian fishermen pledged to fulfill the 1952 fishing plan by
5 December and to catch by the end of the year not less than 150,000 pud of fish
above plan.(11) During the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the Latvian fish industry is
to increase its catch 80 percent.(!0)
In 1952, fishing kolkhozes of the Lithuai+inn SSR pledged to catch 42,750
pud of fish. As of 21 November, seven of the outstanding kolkhozes had already
caught 42,870 pud of fish, i.e., as much as all 15 kolkhozes are to catch during
the year.(12)
The fish industry of Klaypedskaya Oblast, Lithuanian SSR, is steadily ex-
pending and developing, Nea enterprises are being constructed and new boats are
being added to the commercial fishing fleet. As compared with 1950, the fishing
fleet has almost doubled. Tha fishing port has been expanded and two bfftS have
been established. As n result of the extensive development, fishermen of Klay-
pedskaya Oblast are catching twice as ninny fish in 1952 as in 1950. In 1953,
boats of the oblast trust of the fish industry ore to catch twice as many fish
as in 1952?(13)
In 1953, fishermen of the Lithuanian SSR are to catch approximately 35 per-
cent more fish than in 1952. To increase the catch of republic fishing kolkhozes
in 1953, two MEtS have been established. During the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the
republic fish catch is to increase 2.9 times.(14)
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From year to ;;ear, fishermen of Vilkovo, Zzmail'skaya Oblast, Ukrainian SSR,
increase their fish catch. Taking the 1948 fish catch as 100 percent, the catch
of the Vilkovo fishermen increased as follows (in percent): 1'+3 in 1949, 180 in
1950, 269 in 1951. The Vilkovo fishermen pledged to fulfill the 1952 fishing
plan by 7 November and to catch by the end of the year 40,000 pud of prime-qual-
ity fish above plan.(15)
As of 12 December, the Kagul'Fish Plant in the Moldavian SSR had fulfilled
the 1952 fish procurement plan 120 percent and had already delivered to the state
3,500 pud of fish above plan.(16)
As oY 1 December, enterprises of Armrybtrest (Armenian Fish Trust) had ex-
ceeded the 1952 fishing plan and had delivered to the state nearly 18,000 pud
of fish above plan.(17) As of 14 December, fishing brigades of the Mertuni Fish
Combine in the Armenian SSR had caught nearly '+,900 quintals of trout and Sevan
trout (salmo ischchan), or 800 quintals above the 1952 plan.(18)
As of 29 October, enterprises of the Ministry of Fish Industry Azerbaydzl
SSR had fulfilled the 1952 fishing plan and had caught 100 quintals of fish above
plan. By 7 November, enterprises of the ministry have pledged to catch an addi-
tional 1,500 quintals.(19) As of 12 November, enterprises and fishing kolkhozes
of the Ministry of Fish Industry Azerbaydzhan SSR had caught 5,000 quintals of
fish above the 1952 plan.(20) As of 8 December, Azrybakkolkhozsoyuz (Azerbayd-
zhan Fishing-Kolkhoz Union) had fulfilled the fourth-quarter 1952 plan 148.per-
cent and had caught and delivered to the state 2,880 quintals of salmon, sturgeon,
and grey mullet above the quarterly plan.(21)
By 1 October, the Chekistskiy Fish Plant in Khabarovskiy Kray had fulfilled
the 1952 fishing plan 118.9 percent.(22) In 1952, the Ust'-Hol'sheretsk Combine
imeni Mikoyan in Kamchatskays Oblast, Khabarovskiy Kray, pledged to catch 60,000
pud of fish above plan. Fishermen of the combine exceeded the plan and caught
a total of 225,000 pud of fish.(11)
The Nel'ma Fish Combine in Primorski'y Kray caught nearly 15,000 pud of fish
above the 9-month .95' plan. The combine pledged to catch, by 7 November, 6,000
pud of fish above the October plan.(23)
As of 4 October, the Okhotsk coast fishermen had fulfilled the 1952 plan
and had already caught more than 150,000 pud of fish on the 1953 account.(24)
As of 20 November, fishermen of the Okhotsk coast had caught more than 300,000
pud of herring and salmon above the 1952 pisn.(25)
Fishermen of Astrakhanskaya Oblast pledged to fulfill the 19j2 fishing and
procurement plan by 7 November and to catch by the end of the year 762,000 pud
of fish above plan.(26)
There are more than 1,000 lakes with a total area of near~y 500 square kilo-
meters in Leningradskaya Oblast. Almost l+ million pud of fish could be caught
in these lakes annually, and yet little fishing is done in these inland waters.
In 1949, for example, little more than 1+,000 quintals of fish were caught in these
waters.(27)
As of 18 December, fishing kolkhozes taking part in the 1952 fall and winter
fiehi~g season in the Turkmen SSP had already caught more than 12,000 quintals
of fish above plan or 2,000 quintals more than the pledged amount.(28)
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Fish Products
The first refrigeration plant in the Ministry of Fish Industry Karelo-
Finnish SSR has been constructed at the Petrozavodsk Fish-Canning Plant and is
to be equipped with modern refrigeration machinery.- The plant Ss to freeze up
to 5 metric tons of Pish daily. A tin-can shop has also been constructed at
the fish plant and machinery is being installed. The shoo is to produce sa many
as 12,000 cane per shift. Up to this time, tin cans were shipped to Petrozavodsk
from other cities.(29)
In 1953, Production of fish products in the Karelo-Finnish SSR is to increase
26 percent and of canned fish 90 percent, as compared with 1952.(6)
In 1952, canned fish production in the Estonian SSR increased 66 percent
and smoked fish production 30 percent, as compared with 1971. Large fish-can-
ning combines are being constructed on Khiyuma Island and in Pyarnu.(9) The
Pyarmi Combine is to be the largest fish-processing enterprise in the Baltic
region. Estimated daily production of the combine is 240,000 ,jars of canned
fish.(30) In 1953, six refrigeration plants are to be put in operation in the
Estonian SSR.(9)
In 1952, capacity for canned fish production in the Latvian SSR increased
4.5 times, as compared with 1946.(31) The Liyepaye Fish Combine produces nearly
20 percent of all canned goods produced Sn the Latvian SSR. To bring f~~h-proc-
essing enterprises closer to fishing arses, the Mangal'skiy, Royyasskiy, a n d
Kolkskiy coastal plants have been constructed. As a result of this construction,
1952 canned goods production of coastal plants more than quadrupled that of 1946.
The Latvian fish industry has received more then 20 million rubles worth of elec-
trical, tran.aport, mechanical, and technical equipment Prom neighboring republics.
This has made it possible for the industry to mechanize unloading, transporting,
and processing of fish, to triple production of fish products, and to increase
canned goods production five times.(10)
In 1951, canned goods production of the Latviyas Konservy Factory in the
Latvian SSR increased five times, as compared with 1946. In 1952, the factory
pledged to produce 100,000 ,jars of canned goods above plan. In 1952, the Lat-
vian fish industry pledged to fulfill the fish-processing plan by 5 December
and to produce one million ,jars of canned goods and 60,000 pud of chilled and
frozen fish products above plan.(11)
During the Fifth Five-Year Plan, the fish industry of the Latvian SSR is
to reconstruct existing fish-processing enterprises and construct new plants.
Production capacities of the Liyepaye and Ventspils fish combines are to be in-
creased several times, the coastal fish plants are to be expanded, and new re-
frigeration plants are to be constructed. At the mouth of the Vents, a new fish
combine is being constructed and is to go in operation during the Fifth Five-Year
Plan. Production capacity of the combine is to approximate half the total ca-
pacity of all fish industry enterprises now existing in the republic. Fish proc-
essing at the combine is to be almost completely mechanized.(10) The new Vent-
spils Fish Combine is to be put Sn operation in the fourth 4unrter 1952? All
processing operations are to be mechanized. Estimated annual production of the
combine is 7 million ,jars of canned goods.
The Kayya C;,nnery in the Lat~,ian SSR produced mo:?e than 700,000 ,Jars of
various canned goods above the 9-month 1y52 plan.(32) As of 18 December, the
cannery had fulfilled the 1952 plan and hnd produced more than 500,000 ,jars
of canned goods above p1an.(33)
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In 1952, the Lithuanian fish industry planned to construct refrigeration
plants in Klaypeda and at the Rusnenskiy and Nidaskiy fish plants In 1952,
canned fish production in the Lithuanian SSR increased almost 1.` Mmes as com-
pared with 1950.(13) In 1953, fish products production in the Li;.uuanian SSR
is to increase over 1952 as folloxs: fresh-frozen fish, more than 50 percent;
smoked fish, 50 percent; and salted, 100 percent.(14)
In 1951, canned fish production in Vilkovo, Izamil'skaya Oblast, Ukrainian
SSR, increased 3.5 times over 1948.(15)
As of 23 December, the Martuni Fish-Canning Combine in the Armenian SSR had
fulfilled the 1952 plan and had produced 25 percent more than in 1951.(17) The
cannery of the combine produced 700,000 ,jars of prime-quality canned fish during
1952? In 1952, the plant began production of canned vegetables and produced
20,000 ,jars of canned vegetables above plan.(18)
As of 12 December, the Lenkoran Fish Plant in the Azerbaydzhnn SSR had ful-
fi.Lled the 1952 plan and had pledged to produce by the end of the year 200,000
,jars of prime-quality canned fish above plan.(34)
In 1952, th~~ Ust'-Bol'sheretsk Combine imeni Mikoyan in Kamchatskaya Oblast
produced 15,000 boxes of prime-quality salmon and 10,000 pud of salmon roe above
pian.(11)
During the 1952 season, the Vladivostok Whale-Processing Combine in Primor-
skiy Kray processed 150 xhales above plan.(35)
As of 27 November, the Moscow Fish Combine had fulfilled the 1952 plan. Pro-
duction increased more than 10 percent, as compared xith 1951.(36)
Fish Breeding and Conservation
As a result of the construction of powerful hydroelectric stations on the
Don, Volga, Dnepr, Kura, and Amu-Darya, large new reservoirs are being formed,
the total area of which is to approximate that of the Sea of Azov. Dozens of
fish-breeding plants and spawning and fattening enterprises are being set up at
the reservoirs. Utilization of these new water areas will increase reserves of
bream, carp, pike perch, and other valuable types of fish.
In 1953, the first section of a fishery is to go into operation on the
upper part of the T~imlynnskaya Reservoir, Nearly 50 million fish fry are to
be raised here annually and placed in the Tsimlyanskaya Sea for feeding. A fish-
ery is also to be established on the Dnepr near the Kakhovka GES. Fishing in
this section of the Dnepr is to increase two to three times.(37)
The 1952 fish-breeding plan in the Estonian SSR calls for the collection of
5>?3 million roe (spawned in the fail) of such fish as salmon, salmon tro~it, and
sea and Chudskoye Lake whitefish. By 15 November, more than 65 million roe
(118.5 percent of plan) had been collected and snipped to fish-breeding plants
for incubation.(38) Severnl hundred thousand fry of various types of fish have
already been released in lakes and rivers of the Estonian SSR. Recently, 70,000
Amur carp were liberated in one of the republic's lakes. Special railroad cars
delivered the young carp from a fish hatchery in Novgorodskaya Oblast,(39)
There are seven estuaries of the Danube River and a number of small lakes
in Izmail'skaya Oblast, Ukrainian SSR. The area of the estuaries, 45,000 hec-
tares, approximates the total pond area in the Ukrainian SSR in 1948. Annually,
these estuaries are freshened with Danube water and are filled with Danube River
fish. Rich food for large chastikovyye fish ~ish caught in nets--pike perch,
bream, carp, etc_] is found in the mud deposits of the estuaries, where aquatic
1~
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vegetation and fine phytoplankton flourish. The Institute of Hydrobiology of
the Academy of Sciences ~krainiaa SSA] calculated that in three estuaries alone
approximately 60,000 metric {;ons of fish food remain usused annually. It is es-
timated that an additional 51500 to 6,000 metric tons of fish could be obtained
if this amount of fish Pood were utili- ~.
In all estuaries of the Danube, an average of 2,000 to 2,500 metric tons
of fish have been caught annually; of this not more than 25 to 30 percent of the
total catch was large chastikovyye. The fish catch per hectare of estuary area
averaged 44 to 55 kilograms.
From 1949 to 1951, 14,000 ponds were constructed in kolkhozes of the Ukrain-
ian SSR; many of :hem are being used for fish breeding.(40)
Not far from the Tsimlyanskaya Reservoir, more than 20 sma7.1, shallow ponds
are being formed. Some ~~re to be spawning ponds, others are to contain brood
Pish, and a Per- are to sere as experimental ponds for piscatologists.
During fall 1951, 50,000 breeW, carp, and pike perch were brought in and
liberated in a lake in the region being ;.::~~~,ted. Those fish which survived
the 300-kilometer ,Journey wintered in the new waters, and in the spring began
to spawn. Now, many thousand decendants of the first inhabitants of the Tsim-
lyanskaya Sea are growing rapidly. During fall 1952, a total of 200,000 of the
same kinds of fish are to be brought in.(41)
Future construction plans for the lower Volga include six new fish-breeding
plants Por industrial breeding of sturgeon, beluga ~hite sturgeoJ, and seveyuga
kind of _curgeo] and one plant for breeding of white salmon. These plants are
to breed annually nearly 20 million fish fry which will be liberated in the Cas-
pian Sea for feeding.(42)
The total area of kolkhoz ponds in Chitinskaya Oblast is 1,200 hectares.(43)
The Rostovekaya Oblast Fish Trust has liberated 40,000 carp, bream, and pike perch
in the Tsimlyanskaya Reservoir.(44)
In recent years, much work has been done by the Ministry of Fish Industry
Kazakh SSR and republic scientific research institutes to increase fish reserves
in Lake Balkhash. In 1930 and 1931, 18,000 barbel fry were imported from the
Aral Sea and liberated in the Ili River. The barbel is characterized by fast
growth, high productivity, and considerable xeight. This fish worked its way
up the Ili River to Lake Balkhash and is now caught there relatively often.
In 1933 and 1934, more than 300 Aral ship large fish of sturgeon family,
producers were liberated in the Ili River. This fish was soon well acclimatized
in Lake Balkhash. Grown ship weighing 30 to 60 kilograms are often caught in
the lake. Wide propagation of ship would make it possible to remora oresent re-
strictions on ship fishing and by 1953, 3,000 to 7,000 quintals oY valuable fish
products cou:.d be obtained with the organization of industrial fishing.
In tall 1949, nearly 700 Aral bream producers were liberated its the Ili
River and by spring 1950 had already produced another generation:(4j)
Construction of the first fists hatchery in the Kirgiz SSR has been started
18 kilometers from Frunze. Dams and bridges are being erected. Mirror carp are
to be bred at the hatchery. The reservoir is to have several divisions: spawn-
ing, fattentng, wintering (zimovnik), quarantine (karantinnoye), young (mal'
kovoye).(46)
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