USSR MOTOR VEHICLE AND TRACTOR INDUSTRY IMPROVES PROCESSES, CUTS COSTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150212-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 13, 2011
• Sequence Number: 212
• Publication Date: December 2, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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MAR 1p52
DATE OF
INFORMATI11AI Inch 195
3
JEC
SUB
Ecvavmic; Technological - Motor vehicle and
tractor industry,
HOW machine tools
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Oct 1952 - Jul 1953
DATE DIST. Dec 1953
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
SOURCE p,vtomobil'naya i Traktornaya Promvshlennost'
CLASSIFICATIQp CONFIDENTIAL
CURITY INFORnYTICIi
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
USSR :^.OTOR VEHICI ; r,IID TRACTOR INDUSTRY
f TROVSS PRCCbSSES, CUTS COSTS
SPEET) UP CAPITAL TURNOVER -- Moscow, Avtomobil'naya i Traktornaya Fromyshlen-
nost', Oct 52
Rate of capitol turnover, along with production cost, is one of the most
important indexes to the economic activity of a socialist enterprise. Directors
of some motor vehicle and tractor industry enterprises are not paying sufficient
attention to this index.
For instance, the Moscow Small Displace-:rnt motor Vehicle Plant fulfilled
ts 1951 plans for output and for lowering production cost, but failed to ful-
i'1". its plan for capital turnover. The Vladimir Tractor Plant is fulfilling
1': 1952 production plan, but the ;re-;.ter part of its output is not sold until
:e end of each month. As a result, there conu:ideruble number of trac-
ors in the warehouse of the sales division on the first of the month. Conse-
quently, the plans for sales and capital turnover are not Culfilled.
In March and :.pril 1?52, the Miass Ural :'otes Vehicle `lant fulfilled its
plan as a whole, and exceeded its pan for true'.:.; supplied w_thout bodies, 7ar.`
because the purchasers lacked funds, the plant could net ;hip the trucks imme-
dintel;;. The sales plc:; wc~r not fulfilled and cr.nit.c'. Lv no?rer vas slowed down.
Immediate sale of cutout I:: poscible when it is produced in the va-
riety of types called fn._? by tae- plan.
Shortening the production cycle i.: an important re^n.; of speeding up capi-
tal turnover. l:ore than ^crcent of the oanital of an enterprise is tied
up in uncen;'. ted producti-,,, and the amount of uncompleted production is di-
rectly dependent upon the length of the production cycle. Between 1948 and
1951, the length of the production cycle ins reduced by 15 percent in the Minia-(
tr:: of Potor Vehicle and Tractor Industry a ;thole.
STATE NAVY
ARMY AIR
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In recent years, enterprises have been very s'iccessful in utilizing capital
tied up in production reserves by improving their material and technical supply
systems. Turnover of production reserves in enterprises of the ministry was
speeded up by 30 percent between 1948 and 1951, which made possible a sharp re-
duction in the amount of capital assigned to the supply function. However,
much more can be dyne in this line, especially by reducing excessive material
reserves at enterprises. Reducing consumption norms for materials, cutting
down on rejects, and substituting cheap, plentiful materials for critical mate-
rials are all means of reducing production reserves and hence of speeding up
capital turnover.
Strict norms for material reserves in warehouses should be set up to im-
prove the supply systems of enterprises. Enterprises should organize proper
receipt, storage, and inventory of supplies, so that overstocking or shortages
will be apparent immediately. The directors of the enterprise should be made
responsible for capital turnover, and should see that the purchase and delivery
of materials are geared to the production plan, taking existing stocks into ac-
count; they should also set limits to purchases of materials by the various sup-
ply services of the enterprise.
Capital turnover can also be speeded up by more efficient organization of
the paper work connected with shipping, and by the shipping of products only to
purchasers who can guarantee payment.
REVIEW 1952 ACHIEVEbT:NTS OF INDUSTRY -- Mosccv, Avtomobil'naya i Traktornaya
Promyshlennost', Nov 52
In 1952, the Yaroslavl' Motor Vehicle Plant increased the output of YaAZ-
210 12-ton diesel trucks and YaAZ-21OYe 10-ton dump trucks. The Minsk Motor
Vehicle Plant organized the output of 25-ton M4Z-525 dump trucks. The Mimes
Ural Motor Vehicle Plant imeni Stalin started production of the Ural ZIS-352
truck equipped with the NA!.1I-G'78-A gas generator unit, which operates on unsea-
soned wood.
The Minsk Tractor Plant will start production of the Belarus' tractor, pow-
ered by the D-35 diesel engine, at the end of 1952. At the same time, the state
is testinv the Kh^7.-11 .?,,,j VT7~-ph -?-, plowing tractors, which are also equipped
with compression-ignition engines. The Stalingrad Tractor Plant, aided b Nd.TI (State Union Scientific Re-
search Tractor Institute), is organizing the production of GB-58 gas generator
tractors, which operate on wood or peat briquettes, and GT-58 gas generator
tractors, which operate on hard coa'..
The Minsk Tractor Plant, aided by NATI and NANI (Scientific Research Motor
Vehicle and Motor Institute) is improving the KT-12 skidding tractor which it
produces. The power of the tractor's gas engine is being increased and the gas
generator is being adapted to operate on unseasoned wood.
The Khar'k v Tractor Plant has designed the electric crawler trac-
tor, which is nor undergoing state tests.
Motor vehicle plants are eakints wide use of 13KhGT and 5.KhNT steels to re-
place expensive a11ov steels containing mol:,bdenum and nickel. Tractor plants
are utilizing the experience of motor vehicle plants, and using 18KLT steel
instead of 20Kh steel for raking gears for tractor transmisrtons.
Aided by 6NAMI, the Gor'kiy Motor Vehicle Plant imeni Molotov has adopted
a new alloy for casting cylinder heads -- low-silicon zinc silumin containing
secondary aluminum.
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Wide use of P-Orgavtoprom oilless binder in foundries will save 1,200 tons
of vegetable oil yearly.
Improvement in the quality of workmanship has reduced the number of com-
plaints from consumers. Thus, in the first 6 months of 1952, there were one
third as many complaints about ZIS-150 trucks and 40 percent as many complaints
about GAZ-51 trucks as there were in the corresponding period of 1949.
In the first 6 months of 1952, foundry operations were mechanized as fol-
lows: mixing molding materials, 99 percent; charging furnaces, 92 percent;
knocking out castings, 99 percent; and cutting off and cleaning castings, 95
percent.
In the first 6 months of 1952, mechanization of loading and unloading op-
erations in ministry plants was as follows; rail transport, 70.5 percent; and
motor transport, 33 percent.
IMPROVE QUALITY OF OUTPUT -- Moscow, Avtomobil'nnya i Traktornaya Promyshlen-
nost', Feb 53
Serious shortcomings in effofts to improve the quality of output have been
noted at plants of the Ministry of ,the Motor Vehicle and Tractor Industry, es-
pecially at tractor plants.
The percentage of complaints received about ZIS-150 trucks is considerably
higher than for GAZ-51 trucks. The design of the GAZ-51 truck was carefully
worked out by the Cor'l:iy Motor Vehicle Plant imeni Molotov and subjected to
exhaustive tests before it was mass produced. As a result of this careful de-
velopment, no major changes had to be made in the design after the truck was
put into production. On the other hand, there were serious omissions in the
testing of the ZIS-150 truck by the Moscow Motor Vehicle Plant imeni Stalin,
and a number of shortcomings in design. (insufficient strength in the frame, ra-
diator, propeller shaft, and other units) were not discovered until the trucks
were produced and put into operation. These shortcomings had to be eliminated
by changing the production process, which took a considerable amount of time.
There are fewer complaints about DT-5:, tractors produced by the h1:er 'kov
Tractor Plant than about the same tractors produced by the Stalingrad Tractor
Plant.
There are many complaints about the quality of instrument, and electrical
equipment for motor vehicles, such as speedometer cables, and pressure and tem-
perature gauges.
In the second and third quarters of 1952, there was an increase in com-
plaints about tractors made by the Lipetsl: and Kharkov tractor plants, owing
to mistakes in production. A number of the complaints were about broken pis-
ton pins (Lipetsl: Tractor Plant) and the front frame member (Khar'l:ov Tractor
Plant). The Lipetsl: plant failed to take effective n_ cures to eliminate short-
comings in KD-35 tractors, and complaints continued to cote in.
Use of obsolete technological processes and improper care of measuring in-
struments at one plant resulted in a drop in the quality of the bearings it
produced.
Production of a new mrchine should not be undertaken without first pre-
paring the basic production accessories, especially those used in production
control. Faulty preparatory work of this kind was evident in the organization
of production of the KT-12 tractor at the Minsk Tractor Plant and of the D-54
engine at the Rubtsovsk Altay Tractor Plant.
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Instead of _ checking the performance of their products in the field as the
Minsk Motor Vehicle Plant does, some plant directors, such as those of the Kuy-
byshev Avtntraktorodetal' Plant and the Vladimir Tractor Plant, gauge the quality
of their output by the number of complaints they receive from consumers.
At a )umber of plants, there are discrepancies between design and techno-
logical documentation owing to the lac;: of a system that insures inclusion in
the technological process of all changes made in blueprints by the design divi-
sion. At the Krasnodar Oktyrbr' Plant, specifications for hardness of castings
were changed in the blueprints of Parts, but plant technologists were not noti-
fied of the change, and it was not noted in the technological documentation.
;,s a result, the plant was making parts according to the specifications of the
old blueprints for some time after the change.
Deviations from standard technological processes and consequent reduction
in the quality of products, such as those which took place at the Saratov Serp
i Molot Plant and other plants, must be eliminated. Cystematic checking of the
observance of established technological processes, as practiced by the Gor'kiy
Motor Vehicle Plant ineni Molotov, the Kharkov Tractor Plant, the Moscow First
State Bearing Plant, and other plants of the ministry, has raised the techno-
logical discipline of these enterprises.
Different control cethcds are need at different plants. Motor vehicle
plants have a Bureau of Method:, of Technical Control (BMTK) in design bureaus
of technological divisions to develop control methods.
In the new statute concerning the Division of Technical Control, the func-
tion of controlling the accuracy of accessories is given to this division, and
a control sector with control points for checking production accessories in
the shops is provided for.
There are still cases where central measuring laboratories and control and
checking points have not registered with the Committee for Measuring Instru-
ments under the Council of Ministers USSR. Central measuring laboratories and
control and checking points should be supplied cit.h standard measures and meas-
uring iuctrumentc, ccpecirally those aced in the control of surface quality.
ALGA-SPEED CUTTING SPEEDS PRODUCTION -- Moscow, Avtomobil'naya i Traktornaya
Promyshiennost', Jul 5i
'lore than 2; percent of the octal-cutting, machine tcols in the )rotor ve-
hicle and tractor industr,, are being, operated by the high-speed method.. In
1.952, thousanrlp of r,achirn ?'c- so,;vested to high-speed c.ur,tingg, which in-
crea.sed labor producti.vit?; in r.chi.nin- operations 15-20 percent. Further con-
version to high-speed cutting; in 1952 reduced the labor consumption of a GZ-51
truck by ',145 nor-:-from . n" 2 -h' 1 1.1-) nor; -hours (bath trur_!a made at
the Go:* l:i?r I;ator ,.ra ir.,cpn; !:olot.ov), rand of a Z7;-150 ?
norm-Nogg (trrr . d?,L! :r ?lint I,.-:I
?,caring nl nt .r c ) ri ore a 'i ut',!- rp c: and
other
High -s reed c i liar n:, ?: be ?.np', e t the Moscow Motor
Veb-i ]e PL.:.nt lsrr ;.lr coT;vcr:iion% .cm r ,h--n
ri lln,_: r sass p:o .xtior;
has reduced machine i.his l -40 rerco,nt, .-sprayed cur fate sue Its percent,
and ncrei d the is bl1i of ).odium eels. = -5i, pegs?n' However, before
utiotinc lrilh pemi F r r i r a , Hrindin pc c taunt be c i:sir.lished, nethodn of
b.larcing grinding wheels ram-, be develo,ed, and the abrasive- industry mu.t
`uprl i hr, l .reaserl ren,i.h and ir?,nrovei cuttin qualities.
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At the Gor'kiy Motor Vehicle Plant imeni Molotov, the feed of a model 116
lathe made by the Moscow Plant imeni Ordzhonikidze was increased from 0.26 to
1.89 millimeters per revolution in machining axle housings, thereby reducing
machine time from 1.7 to 0.3 minutes.
The Kharkov and Vladimir tractor plants have adopted from the motor ve-
hicle plants a new method of making cylindrical gears which improves the ac-
curacy and quality of the gears. The Kharkov Tractor Plant and the Samarkand
Krasnyy Dvigatel' Plant have adopted a new method developed by Orgavtoprom
(All-Union State Institute of Motor Vehicle Technology) for machining hardened
cylinder liners. Use of the new method at the Krasnyy Dvigatel' Plant reduced
rejects in machining cylinder liners 15-20 percent. This method is not applied
sufficiently at other enterprises.
The Gor'kiy and Moscow motor vehicle plants use a great number of auto-
matic polishing machines, but other plants are lagging in the automatization
of this work. The Gor'kiy Motor Vehicle Plant uses semiautomatic stripping
machines in its foundries, but tractor plants have done little to automatize
such processes.
Bearing plants now make outer rings by cold stamping instead of forging.
The new method reduces labor consumption 30-35 percent and metal consumption
7 percent.
The Gor'kiy Motor Vehicle Plant and the Minsk Bicycle Plant both use a
high-productivity salt bath method for soldering bicycle frames, but the Khar -
kov Bicycle Plant continues to use the old method, which consumes great amounts
of labor and solder.
The percentage of hand labor in the production of ZIS-585 dump trucks is
48 percent; of KD-35 tractors, 36 percent; and of M-72 motorcycles, 35 percent.
Most of the hand labor is found in the press, assembly, finishing, and paint-
ing sections; it must be mechanized by the use of pneumatic and electric tools,
special attachments, and mechanized assembly stands.
At a number of plants, there is a disproportion between the productive
capacity of different shops and sections. At the Kiev Motorcycle Plant, the
capacity of the heat treating shop is much smaller than that of the engine
shop. At the Omsk LSibzavod?7 Tractor Spare Parts Plant, the capacity of the
forge and heat treating shops is smaller than that of the machine shop.
The reject rate is still high, as much as 0..8-4 percent at some plants.
The reject rate for some parts, such as piston rings, is particularly high.
Prompt conversion to the production of new models of trucks and tractors
depends on the wor'r cf the tool shops. Requirements for technological acces-
sories for modern constant flow mass production of a truck amount to 6,700-
8,500 attachments and about 2,200 cold dies.
50X1-HUM
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