ACTIVITIES WITHIN SCHOOL SYSTEM IN CHINA, JANUARY - JUNE 1953

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700150347-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 13, 2011
• Sequence Number: 347
• Publication Date: December 14, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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COUNTRY China
SUBJECT Sociological - Education
HOW
PUBLISHED Daily newspapers
WHERE
PUBLISHED Peiping, Canton, Tientsin
DATE
PUBLISHED 11 Apr - 6 Jun 1953
LANGUAGE Chinese
E. ,.....'...... .... .,............
REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
DATE DIST. l q- Dec 1953
NO. OF PAGES 4
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
ACTIVITIES WITHIN SCHOOL SYSTEM IN CHINA,
JANUARY - JUNE 1953
L 'Summary: The Second National Conference of Educational
Workers which opened in Peiping on 5 June 1953 was attended by
government officials from all parts of the country and by some
primary teachers from North China.
More than 1,300 elementary teachers met in Ch'eng-tu, Szechwan
Province, 22 December 1952 - 11 January 1953, for a conference on
ideological reform within the educational system.
The North China Committee of Culture and Education is send-
ing out survey teams this spring to study the elementary school
system.
Pursuant to the Central People's Government directive, the
Northeast Propaganda Bureau held a conference in Northeast China
Administrative Area from 12 - 16 May to consider the teachirg of
theory to cadres.
Official interferences by Communist authorities in Kwangtung
have disrupted school programs./
NATIONAL CONFERENCE OUTLINES FUTURE EDUCATIONAL AIMS -- Peiping, Jen-min Jih-
pao, 6 Jun 53
The Second National Conference of Educational Workers which opened in
Peiping on 5 June 1953 was attended by government officials from all parts of
the country and by some primary teachers from North China.
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me nta --_- -u u S the problem of ele-
eral ndenormaloschool eeducation ,simprovementdofcelementary schools, enroll-
ment in middle and normal schools, etc.
The keynote speech was made by Kuo Mo-jo, chairman of the Committee of
Culture and Education of the Central People's Government, who said in Dart:
embarking son planned eecis both necessary onomic construction and
which timely is idependent upon nation's
the schools
to provide trained technicians. The emphasis in the total educational picture
is on higher education. General education is the foundation. In general edu-
cation, the emphasis is on improvement of the senior middle school which pre-
pares a reserve of reconstruction workers. The next point of emphasis is to
see that all levels of senior normal school prepare teachers to teach these
reserve reconstruction workers.
"To realize the motto of the Central People's Government, 'Be firm in
reform, emphasize growth, ensure quality, advance steadily,' education must
fight individualism, conservatism, and the short-sighted viewpoint. Every
government office must fight the tendency of bureaucratism."
Kuo was followed by Minister of Education Chang H3i-jo, who stated, "The
immediate task is to overcome the lack of correlation oetween education and
reconstruction, and the lack of coordination within education itself. Senior
middle schools, and senior normal schools must provide teachers to aid in
solving these problems. Elementary and junior middle schools, as well as col-
leges and universities, need strengthening rather than expansion."
IDEOLOGICAL REFORM OF SZECHI;AN ELEMENTARY TEACHERS -- Canton, Nan-fang Jih-pao,
15 Apr 53
Frets 22 December 1952 to li January 1953, more than 1,300 elementary teach-
ers gathered in Ch'eng-tu. Szechwan Province, for a conference on ideological
reform within the educational system.
Before the conference opened the Szechwan Provincial Party Committee of
the Chinese Communist Party appointed work teams in model areas to Investigate
thoroughly the problems of elementary education and to determine how adequately
the teachers are carrying out the ideological reform. These work teams uncov-
ered carelessness and the frequent transfer of teachers that resulted in anxi-
ety among the teachers about tenure. On the positive side, the investigation
did show that the majority of teachers were progressive and pro-Communist.
During the conference Itself, the leading cadres discussed the various
problems of educational work. They began with self-examinations. The state of
confusion prevalent in the elementary school system was discussed and many sug-
gestions for Improvement were rade.
Various party leaders addressed the conference, stressing the role the
teachers must play in the nation's rebirth, and discussing the party's policy
toward intellectuals. As a result, the delegates now realize the importance.
of their duties in national cultural rehabilitation, Twenty-nine Ch'eng-tu
delegates vowed life-long devotion to education. One hundred and forty-one
applied for membership in the party and 341 applied for entrance into the New
Democracy Youth Corps.
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The Committee of Culture and Education of the Nurth China Administrative
Committee has already sent out 106 cadres to carry on investigative work Ln
the elementary schools. The cadres who went to Hopeh Province helped the Hopeh
Cultural and Education Committee and at the same time aided the labor unions.
Cadres also did experimental reform work in elementary schoc]s in Ti,; '..Hrien
and Hsu-shut in Hopeh Province.
These cadres will continue to be sent to various places to do investiga-
tive work, to carry on the struggle against bureaucracy, and to improve the
quality of teaching methods. Attention also will be given to the wages and
working conditions of employees other than teachers within the school system,
to the ages of the children, and to the health of the children when they enter
school. Each team of cadres will spend 2 months in this work,
CCP STRLSSL'S TEACHING THEORY TO CADRES -- Tientsin, Ta Kung Pao, 6 Jun 5
Peiping, 5 June -- Pursuant to a directive of the Central People's Gov-
ernment, the Northeast Propaganda Bureau of the Chinese Communist Party held
a conference in the Northeast Administrative Area 12 - 16 May to consider the
teaching of theory to cadres. The conference was attended by 71 representa-
tives of propaganda agencies in the area.
The opening address was given by Li Cho-Jan, chief of the Northeast Prop-
aganda bureau. He said, "Because China is entering an era of vast economic
construction, all cadres must study the theory and practice of Soviet socialist
economic reconstruction. A new wave of enthusiasm among party cadres would
mean much for China's transformation. Cadres must make the most of this oppor-
tunity for study."
Summing up the 5-day discussion, Liu Tzu-tsai, deputy director of the
Northeast Propaganda Bureau, stressed the need for trained teachers and leaders.
He recommended special arrangements for those cadres who must combine study with
regular duties. He said: "Leadership must be stressed among a core of higher
cadres in order that they may guide the lower cadres. Everything must be in
readiness for this work-study plan to be launched by 1 July."
From 20 - 26 Play 1953, the Central-South China Propaganda Bureau held a
similar conference in Central-South Chinn. The conference discussed the cadre
training program which was first started in the autumn of 1952. Under this
program over 370,000 cadres in Central-South China Administrative Area have
been receiving instruction from 3,381 teachers in 43 political schools. The
conference decided that in the future one teacher should be provided for every
500-1,000 cadres, that schools on Marxism-Leninism and party principles should
be set up in many places, and that the study should be more systematized and
under Communist Party supervision.
SURVEY OF NORTH CHINA ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS -- Canton, Nan-fang, Jih-pao
15 Apr 53
OFFICIAL INTERFERENCE DISRUrTS SCHOOL PROGRAM IN KWANGTUNG -- Canton, Nan-
fang Jib-Pao, 11 Apr 53
The Communist authorities in Tung-kuan, Kwangtung, have been drafting stu-
dents and teachers for outside work. This has interfered with the school pro-
gram. The following examples can be cited:
1. In September 1952, 140 primary teachers and 20 middle school students
in Tung-kuan were taken out of schoolfor 12 months to aid in overhauling the
hsien fiscal system. This caused confusion in the schools and led to the reduc-
tion of scheduled classes.
STAT
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STAT
2. In the past many teachers have been drafted for bookkeeping work for
summer and fall tax collection. This has generally consumed a total of 35
days and although many teachers were
became ill, they dared not refus forced to work far into the night and
e the assignment.
ized p, To and pularizteacherse ria3 lac the government has often mobil-
government interrupted a school's w inter r ex minstion he one to get cast u a the
. On oc,
ahe
parade-to welcome a bridegroom. examinaton scdula to
4. On another occasion, teachers were forced by the militia to clean and
whitewash government buildings and barracks; this was done on the grounds that
teachers were public servants.
5chools. a Teachers ad toft nodoafte ndd write public documents.
such emergencies.
ha a team mobile instructors"ftpt~eny
School buildings are requisitioned for meetings, exhibits, etc. Thus, classes are often forced to meet elsewhere and as a result schools
are able to complete only half their class schedule. grain storage,
Similar encroachments on the schools are reported from Chao-an where
many teachers are being drafted to help fix farm production quotas.
children are left without instruction. Peasant unions as well as local offi-
cials in For days
Chao-an place little importance on educational work.
STAT
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