GREATER EFFICIENCY IN SOVIET MACHINE-BUILDING INDUSTRY SOUGHT
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP80-00809A000700170214-4
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
C
Document Page Count:
3
Document Creation Date:
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date:
September 2, 2011
Sequence Number:
214
Case Number:
Publication Date:
April 6, 1954
Content Type:
REPORT
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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL JJ
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY USSR
DATE OF
SUBJECT Economic; Technological - Machine tools INFORMATION 1953
HOW
,PUBLISHED Daily newspapers and monthly periodicals DATE D1ST. 6 Apr 1954
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED Aug-17 Oct 1953
LANGUAGE Russian
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NO. OF PAGES 3
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
GREATER EFFICIENCY IN SOVIET MACHINE-BUILDING INDUSTRY SCUGHT
LACK OF SCIENTIFIC AID IMPEDES PROGRESS IN HEAVY MACHINE-TOOL BUILDING --
Moscow, Pravda, 2 Oct 53
Within the system of the Ministry of Machine Building there are a number
of scientific research institutes for studying machine-tool building problems.
These institutes however, are doing practically no work in the field of heavy
machine tools and presses. For example, ENIbS (Experimental Scientific
Research Institute of Metal Cutting Machine Tools) is cut off from heavy
machine-tool building plants and does not assist them in the matter of technical
progress.
In perfecting heavy gear-hobbing machines, workers of the Kolomna Plant
encountered certain difficulties and required the scientific aid of ENIMS.
This aid, however, was not forthcoming. Plant workers and engineers of a
Special Design Bureau had to solve complex technical problems themselves under
production conditions and at a great loss of time and money.
Continuous research is how going on at the Kolomna Plant on the design of
a hydraulic drive for heavy hydraulic slotting and planing machines. The
perfection of these machine tools has been retarded. Yet, ENIM3 ignores the
plant's need for assistance. -- P. Yudenkov, Stalin Prize winner, chief of
a Special Design Bureau.
NONUTILIZATION OF PRODUCTION RESERVES CRITICIZED -- Moscow, Voprosy Ekonomiki,
Aug 53
The output of products at medium and small enterprises could be increased
a great deal by better utilization of available production reserves. These re-
serves lie in equipment which is uninstalled, installed equipment poorly uti-
lized, floor space, -that is incompletely utilized, and in lightly loaded
operating equipment.
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At certain Novosibirsk plants, up to 15-20 percent of the total equipment
has not been installed.
The Novosibirsk Tool Plant has a large machine shop equipped with the most
diversified modern metal-cutting machine tools; hr?iever, this equipment is
far from being adequately utilized. For example, nonoperating equipment comprises
about 30 percent [of the total]. Operating equipment is utilized on an average
of not more than 2,000-2,500 hours a year. Consequently, the output of
products per 1,000 rubles of the cost of equipment [at this specialized plant]
is 1.5-2.5.times lower than at machine-building enterprises with individual
production.
One reason for the incomplete utilization of metal-cutting equipment at this
plant is the lack of a full complement of equipment. For example, because of
a shortage of large forging hammers, the shop cannot manu acture a number of
different spare parts. If the shops had enough large forging hammers, it could
utilize more fully the capacities of its park of large lathes. Meanwhile, large
forging hammers at a nearly tool plant are not being utilized to full capacity.
Incomplete utilization of equipment is a definite detriment to the state
end frequently leads to a more rapid increase in the enterprise's capital assets
than in its output. As a result, the output per unit of equipment decreases.
In the first postwar Five-Year Plan, the park of equipment at the Novosibirsk
Tool Plant increased more than 2.5 times, but the production program was in-
crea,sed by only 50 percent. In this period, the output of products per unit
of equipment fell 40 percent; and per ruble of cost, by more than 50 percent.
REPORT ON STATUS OF CERTAIN MACHINE TOOLS IN POSTWAR YEARS -- Moscow, Stanki
i Instrument, Sep 53
S.S. Chernikov recently gave a report to the Scientific and Technical
Council of.ENIMS (Experimental Scientific Research Institute of Metal-Cutting
Machine tools) on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the park of
milling) planing, and broaching machines in the USSR during the postwar years
and on the theoretic and experimental research and design work which was the
basis for the growth and improvement of the type classification of machine
tools. He also reported on the tasks to be accomplished in this field in the
near?future.
According to Chernikov, milling, planing and broaching machines are
widely used in Soviet'industry, and, close in this respect to lathes, comprise
about 20 percent of the total machine-tool park. Almost all of the machine
tools are of original design, developed by Soviet specialists.
Compared with prewar machine tools, the speed of the new models has
increased. 2-3.5 times; feed, 2-2.5 times; and power, 2-2.5 times; while the
average' increase in weight has been not more than 1.5?time.;.
To achieve an increase in labor productivity in operating machine tools,
efforts must be directed toward shortening machining and handling time.
Automatizing the work cycle and mechanizing machine-tool operation are
the basic problems in shortening handling time and improving working conditions.
The latter objectives can be accomplished by equipping machine tools with
various attachments and by using hydraulic, electric, and pneumatic devices.
Special attention ihust be given to converting wherever possible to the wide
application of tracer methods. Further work is necessary in solving problems
concerning accuracy, selection of effective drive systems, unification and
normalization, and improving working conditions.
CoilFiii~rrrI L
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CONFERENCE ON ETANDARIZATION IN MACHINE BUILDING -- Moscow, Stanki i Instrument,
Aug 53
The Leningrad Branch of the All-Union Scientific Engineering and Technical
Society of Machine Builders (LONITOMASh) has called a branch production and
technical conference on standarization, normalization, and unification in
machine building to promote greater development in standardization. The con-
ference will beheld in Leningrad in September 1953.
Reports-will be read by and consultations held with specialists on the
various problems in standardization, normalization, unification, and typification
in machine building.
A special exhibit showing the work done at plants and other organizations
will be arranged for participants in the conference.
GIVE EXAMPLE OF MANUFACTURING COST IN MACHINE-TOOL BUILDING -- Moscow,
Komsomol'skaya Pravda, 17 Oct 53
In 1952 alone, more than 46 billion rubles were saved in the USSR as a
result of lowering the cost of manufacturing industrial products.
The following table gives a breakdown of the cost of manufacturing one
of the types of machine tools produced by the Moscow Krasnyy Proletariy Plant
imeni Yef:?emov:
Rubles
Percent
Materials and fabricated parts 6,408
65.5
Wages of production workers 1,013
10.4
Wear of tools and attachments 160
1.6
Shop and general plant expenditures 2,124
21.8
Losses due to rejects
47
0.5
Nonproductive expenditures
Expenditures in sale of products 17
0.2
Total 9,770
100.0
50X1-HUM
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