MECHANIZE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE, ASPHALT ROADS IN USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700170260-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 2, 2011
• Sequence Number: 260
• Publication Date: April 12, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION s-E-C-R-E-T
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD N0.
DATE DIST. ~~ Apr 1954
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT N0.
Mekhanizatsiya '^rudoyemkilch i Tyazhelykh Rabot, No 5, 1952
SUBJECT INFORMATION 1950-1952
Economic; Technological -Road building machinery
COUNTRY UssR
DATE OF
HOW .
PUBLISHED Monthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscox
DATE
PUBLISHED clay 1952
LANGUAGE Russian
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MECHANIZE CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE ASPHALT ROADS IN USSR
k. I. Legeyda
E . I . Idemirovski.~
In postwar years, construction of concrete roads in the USSR has been
mechanized ay a group of new machines which work as an aggregate, completing
an entire building cycle for successive sections of road.
The D-247 Rail Layer
The road building cycle begins with the adv:::,ce of the sell-propelled
D-247?rail-laying device, powered by a 13-horsepower T?62 diesel engine. It
lifts the rails and railforms into place, and drives thuii? spikes into ,..,~
ground.
Specifications of the D-247 nre as follocrs:
Weight (t) ~
Tread (m) 7
Type motor T-62, diesel
I[or sepower ~ ,
Lifting capacity (]cg J
500
Lifting height (m) ~.4, 3.1
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The D-239 Road Foundation Di ger
The rail-laying machine is followed by the self-propelled D-239 road
foundation digger. This machine removes the ground to the desired depth by
means of a large mill, consisting of a drum fitted with blades. The road founda-
tioa requires no additional scraping or rolling.
As the machine advances, the earth removed by the milling drum is scooped
up onto a scraper conveyer, which carries it off to both sides of the road.
The D-239 moves along the rails on Pour [two-wheeled] balanced trucks.
The two drive trucks, at the rear, have rubber caterpillar tread. Pneumatic.
,jacks connecting the front trucks and the frame permit the frame, with its
milling drum, to be raised or lowered a distance of 400 millimeters; this
regulates the cutting depth.
Specifications of the D-239 are as follows:
Weight (t)
13
Width, milling cutter (m)
7
Greatest cutting depth (mm)
200
Productivity (cu m/hr)
80
Type motor
D-54 diesel
Horsepower
54
The D-194 Tamper
The D-194 machine, which moves along a single railform on two wheels, is
held upright and operated by one worker. It tamps down the groi?^' under the
railforms to prevent their settling, and lubricates the sides of the railforms
to facilitate their removal after the concrete has been poured.
Specifications of the D-194A are as follows:
Weight (]cg)
Type motor
Horsepower
Speed of advance (m/min)
Frequency of tamping blows
per minute
180
K1-B motorcycle motor
2.3
2.66
After the road foundation has been dug to the desired depth and the rails
h8ye been tamped, sand is delivered to the road foundation by trucks and
leveled out along it by workers. The area is now prepared for the actior. of
The D-181A and D-181B Spreaders
The concrete spreaders are built in two styles: the D-18L1, which has
its loading shovel on the side; and the D-181B, with the loading shovel in
the middle. In other respects the machines are similar.
A truck delivers the concrete to the loading shovel. This in turn dumps
its contents into a hopper, which moves from one side of the spreader to the
other, distributing an even strip of concrete across the road foundation. The
machine then advances the width of this stx?ip and repeats the cycle. It runs
along the railforms on four wheels; drive is transmitted through the rear two.
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Weight (t)
11
Spreading span (m)
7
Width of single transverse
concrete strip (mm)
900
Depth of strip (mm)
Up to 1100
Hopper volume (cu m)
1.6
Productivity of machine
(cu m/hr)
25-35
Type motor
U5-MA
Horsepower
40
The `ll-18?11 Finisher
The D-182A concrete finisher follows the spreader, leveling the concrete
and smoothing its surface. Essentially, the machine consists of four elevents:
a vibrating bar, which effects the primary packing down of the concrete; a tamp-
ing plate, suspended by springs and operated by an eccentric drive, which fur-
ther compresses the concrete; a leveling bar, gi?ting the final contour to the
road surface; and a smoothing belt, which imparts the final finish to the sur-
face. The machine runs along the railforms on four wheels; drive is transmitted
through all four.
4leight (t)
11
Type motor
U5-b1A
Horsepower
40
Type vibrators for vibrator
bar
I-7
Number of vibrators
5
Power (kw)
0.4
Generator for vibrators
AP bIT-85
Power (kw)
7,2
Finishing width (m)
7
Thickness of paving (mm)
200
Speed of advance, operating
(m/min)
1-3.7
Productivity, finishing a
strip 200 nm thick, and
making two parses (sq
m/shift)
1,500-2,000
The D=195B'Groove 6laker
The D-195B machine rides over the Having surface, transvcts it and divides
Yt longitudinally with grooves for prevention of buckling during e~cpansion.
Has~iciilly n birder bridge, the machine is moved by hand along the railforms.
The blades rhich cut the grooves are suspended from the girders, and equipped
t+ith'vi$ratorS: ?The vibrator motors receive their po,aer tlu?ough ,:~ cable from
the D=732v,machine.
Weight (t)
2
Type vibrators used
I-7
Number of vibrators used
on transverse binds
j
Number of vibrator; used on
lon6itudinal. bladr,
1
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Length of transverse grooves
(~') 6,900
Length of longitudinal
grooves (mm) 2,100
Depth of grooves (mm) 40-200
The road building cycle is completed with the removal of the railforms by
the D-247 machine.
When paving over 200 millimeters deep is required, the D-190 vibrator ma_
chine is used. It has a frame similar to that of the D-195B. The machine
mountg 11 pivoted vibrators, their depth of reach controlled by a hydraulic
system. pn electric motor provides motive power. This motor is powered from
a generator, which also powers the individual electric vibrators. The D-190
is mounted on four wheels.
.Specifications of the D-190 are as follows:
Height (t)
~
electric motor
MT-11-6
Power (kw)
2.2
Generator
5-82-4
Generator power (kw)
24/30
Generator motor
U5-MA
Horsepower
40
Type vibrators
I-50
Power of vibrator (kw)
0.5
Depth of concrete layer -
processed (mm)
400
ProductivLty (sq m/shift)
2,800
The T-138 Trailer
A special trailer, the T-138, carries any of the machines of the group
except the light D-195B and D-194A. The trailer rides on five double pneumatic-
tired wheels, two in the front and three behind.
Specifications of the T-138 are as follows:
Weight
(kg)
9,400
Length
W
(mm)
14,336
idth
(mm)
3,560
Towing
unit
5-80 tractor
Production of the Machines Their Achievements
Series. production of the concrete spreader and the finisher was eetab-
liahed in 1950; series production of the other machines described above was
begun in 1952.
For developing the concrete road building machines, a 1952 Stalin Prize
was awarded to the following organizations; the Main Administration for the
AffiliatenofftheaAllgUnionsScientificlResearchmInstitute of ~Conatructi~aand
Road Machine Building, and the Road Scientific Research Institute.
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One 'set of the new road building m?9 chines requirec f.?cm 10 to 12 skilled
operators, and from 10 to 15'assisting workers. With this crew, one of the
road building sets can buildup to 30 kilometers of 7-meter-wide road in a
single building season. Were this work performed by hand, it would take about
60,000 man-days of skilled-work and X0,000 man-days of assisting work. This
would require a total of 1,000 to 1,100 workers. Their work, furthermore,
would be quite inferior to that performed by the machinery set.
''In the construction of the lChar'kov-Rostov Highway during 1951, ?~ set of
the machines laid 420,000 square meters of paving.
New Developments; the D-227 Spreader
Work is now going on toward the further mechanization of road paving,
entailing the building of better machines. The D-227 spreader is an outstznd-
ing'example oP this'new machinery. Lighter by 3 tons than the D-1871+ and the
D-187B, this machine spreads out the concrete from middle to sides by means
of,a pair of worm conveyers.
7'rogress has been made in developing other machines for mechanizing road
construction, including one for preparing the railform foundations, and one
for spreading and packing oun sand es a base for the concrete.
Asphalt is the chief paving material for USSR highways, roads, and squares.
In answer to the need for mechanizing its app7.ication, mass employment of self-
propelled asphalt spreaders was launched in 1950.
The crawler-mounted, self-propelled D-150A asphalt spreader, produced by
the Bryansk Road 2?Sachinery Plant, receives its supply of asphalt, brought up
by a dump truck, in a low hopper at its front: A scraper conveyer feeds the ,
asphalt backward to a transverse worm conveyer, which spreads it out to the
sides as it flows down onto the raid foundation. A tramping bar, located be-
hind~the worm conveyer, packs the asphalt do:rci. Finally, as the machine moves
forward, the smoothing plate, situated at the extrec:e rear of the machine, passes
over the'asplralt; this bar further compacts the asphalt mass, smooths its sur-
face; and Grades it transversely. The smnothin~ plate acts on the asphalt by
its own weight, and by the vibration which the tamping bar imparts to it.
Type motor
U-5E;
Rorsepo:+er
40
Productivity
(tjlu)
100
Range of the four worY.ing
speeds (m;`min) _
1.6-7.5
Width of paving strip (m)
;.03, 3.G3
.The machine. performs satisfactorily under operating conditions, but erces-
si:ve wear of the crawler sorockets and crawler lin]s has been noted. This is
a matter to be remedied by the producing plant.
. ~?[Earli~r material, describing most of the machines described above, or
earlier versions of them, may be Sound in 00->1-].715; and UO-W-1406?_.]
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