EIGHTH SESSION OF ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES USSR

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700170393-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 1, 2011
• Sequence Number: 393
• Publication Date: April 23, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION C0NFIDENTLIL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS
SUBJECT Scientific - Medicine organization
HOW
PUBLISHED Semiweekly newspaper
WHERE
PUBLISHED Moscow
DATE
PUBLISHED 11, 15 Dec 1953
REPORT
CD NO.
DATE OF
DATE DIST. .3 Apr 1951
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
SOURCE Meditsinskiy Rabotnik,No 99-100 (1219-1220)
EIGHTH SESSION OF ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES USSR
The Eighth Session of the general assembly of the Academy of Medical Sciences
USSR was opened with an introductory address given by N. N. Anichkov, president
of the academy. Anichkov stated that the medical profession must bend every
effort in order to solve, in conformity with the decisions of the 19th Congress
of the CPSU, the outstanding problems of public health, and in doing so, concen-
trate particularly on prophylactic measures. He added that means for the de-
velopment of medical science are being made available on a generous scale: the
problem consists of utilizing these means to the best possible advantage. He
reviewed in general terms the progress made by the academy during the 9 years
of its existence, stressing that during the most recent period closer contacts
have been established with other scientific organizations of the USSR and
scientific centers of people's democracies. As far as adherence to Pavlovian
theories is concerned, particulary in the interpretation of the pathogenesis
of diseases, Anichkov remarked that much remains to be done. There is a cer-
tain lack of cooperation between representatives of the physiological sciences
as a group, which acts as an obstacle to tho development of Pavlov's theories and
their penetration into medicine.
Anichkov's address was followed by a report made by A.I. Nesterov, Academi-
cian-Secretary of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR. Nesterov stated that,
in connection with the development of Pavlov's theories as the scientific basis
of Soviet medicine, work on the physiology and pathology of the central nervous
system was conducted during the period reviewed [June 1952-December 19531 at
institutes of all departments of the academy. He added that, although con-
siderable progress has been made in this general field, advances in work per-
taining to the normal physiology of the higher nervous activity of adults are
unsatisfactory, particularly as far as problems of the interdependence between
the first and second signal systems are concerned.
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He also referi-ed to the lack
nerve regulation ion o of respi of adequate progress in thz study of (1) the
ration, blood circulation, ant metabolic-;
mechanisms compensating disturbed organic functions; and (3) (2) nerve
cal training and Physical and resort tharan (3? problems of physi-
y. stated work
in the fields of functional biochemistry and theecreationuof biological models
of diseases is lagging. He then re erred to the gap between academic work on
Pavlovian physiology and clinical apiication of the results of that work,
ascribing the existence of th s G
institutions to demands of clinical medicine. On mentioning the newly founded
Institute of Pharmacology of th_ Academy of Medical Sciences USSR, Nesterov
deplored that an institute of psychoneurolo y has not yet been created.
He also outlined in a latter part of the report tho advantages of having
the newly-organized Institute c-- Antibiotics within th:: framework of the
academy. Among positive echievocent.; Its
greys in the treatment of term: r,?ntioned th,_ following: Pro-'
inFectic, chiLdron's di;,ease ; advances in surgery
and improved techni_ues in this "fold invo]vinG blood transfusions (although
scientific equipment and personnel at surgical. ootabli'hmenta are not matte
adequate); important cnnt,?ibuticns
onccL~? .,",c b;, A.D. Timofe
L.A. Zil'ber (clinical work on the _fronhylaaia of cancer with a specific3 and
v..ceine has been started); progress
imtunolo in Sdi ainei; high ?, virology, levels
and
E^y, raising the status: of these d':c_piire; high above the levels
:;
reached abroad; and s-:nificant progress in ;arasitolo , _carticularly in
connection with the -tudy of natural re;ei;'I ti same
In the balance of his r.aport, II terov ^'
Institute of Pediatrics (because it th leadingd to cr the c should be); the Institute of Nutrition (-'or yet
an inadequate Glevel e of ~research
on the role of higher nervous activity in processes of ,.,etabolism and aging
as affected by nutrition, and for failure te; determine vitamin requirements
for various typon of labor); the Institute of General and Communal Hygiene
(for inadequate coordination with etlic-' institutes; insufficient attention
to problems of rural water supply; insufficient Planning and improvement'of
kolkhozes and motor tractor stations; insufficient attention to hygiene
of clothing and footwear, personal hygiene, and prevention of noise in streets
and dwellings); and the Institute of Public Health Organization and History
of Medicine ('or inadequate contacts with therapeutic _Prophylactic institutions
and insufficient aid to public health organization although there has been
some improvement). He then stated that the preparation and puhiication of
monographs dealing with the in7iitutos' work or. Pavlov's Licorice proceeds
too slowly; that, members of the -cadosy and cciontir'ic associates of the
academy do not expc'e foreign critics of Pzvicv'c theory frequently enough, and
do not criticise ooo errors comr.1itted by
of the main deterrents to tho develor: on.., avlo po tiolhinZ is the txce one
do t o' P:w1ov' te_:chig is the erssive
groat-.?m of some of its proponents, which g vas rise to monopolistic tendencies
in this field of science.
He-i'urtho:-mere said Cosa so,c o_ the doubtful uspects of the works of
K.M. Bykov and A.G. Ivanov-Su.,olenakiy have not been subjected to the criticism
which they deserve. It was Bykov who advanced the cancept of the unity of the
external and internal environments, and Ivano:?-Snolenskiy who propounded new
ideas on the interrol-,'.ions hip between the ; ecjnd and ti;,: first si,p+na1 systems
and on therapeutic sleep. According to hest;erov, the reason for this lack
cise: is due
of criti in part to the face that Byi:ov and I?._tncv?.Smolenskiy, since
the joint session [with the Acade::.y o" Jcicnces USSRJ, have failed to observe
the Pavlovian princil.les of collective :a, and in cart to the failure of the
collectives within which Bykov and Ioaner-:>moi.enskiy work to help them by ad-
vancing friendly criticise. Noctero-?` re:;:Lis':red that -:.-vorybody appreciates the
fact that Bykov and Ivanov-31ol.enskiy i, zt'e contributed such of value to Soviet
medicine, and hopes that they will c.ntribute still :lore in the course of
friendly collaboration.
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In the last section of his roue t, flesterov said that criticism should be
constructive rather than personal i.e., of a tyre aiming at the elimination of
the opponent. He concluded by pointing out defects in the personnel management
of the academy institute;, particularly from the standpoint of ideological
training. He mentioned that notwithstanding the improvement in the selection
of scientific personnel, inadequately qualified people had been occasionally
appointed during the precedins 3-a1, years. He referred in this connection es-
pecially to G.M. Bosh'yan, who during a number of years had been in charge of
a loratory at ard Institute, of apidemioio;y and Microbiology imeni R.F.
aa
aby n, 11,e-'row stated that a qualified commission
charged with investigatfnG the activity of Bosh'yan's laboratory found that
the work done by Bo::h'yan and his collaborators ::as of absolutely no value to
science.
iscuNeste ovof.?D.O-t .0 followed by discu,;si.on. In the course o^ this sion discy of the of. D. organism A as r ukov emph_?ized taut 1. V. Pavlov's approach to the
* of individual whole involved a ny__.ide1 i.^..?estigatiuu of the func-
tion s _ ci',ans, wnile at
to investigation of the higher nervousiaeti? lcclusivr_ attention is being paid
tendency of making Ivanov-i;molenskip edh ou of' ito' he:'invevigao objected to the
xces st.re do gm of f he even
tral nervous system universal, and pointed out that at the
en-
sedenns
creative application of Pavlov's thecrie Pio' t P Molcha ova discussed
the activities of the Institute of atilt. re 0. n F?ltlthea ifuquad
specialists in this field. cn, referrjing to the lack of nitalified
Prof V. H. Orekhovich, after discua:;ing the problem of popularization of
medical acaievements and critiz'a? th_, manner in which medical work is pre-
sented in fiction and plays, subjected to criticism the work of the Presidium
of the Academy of Iledical Sciences USSR, statin that more independence should
be given to the heads of the institute;. Prof I%.U. Blokhin, Director of the
Institute of Experimental Pathology' and Thurary of C?,neer, Academy of Sciences
USSR, voiced a complaint that too much ;support i:; given to alleged pioneers in
medical research who make exaggerated claim::. Prof A.F. Tur said that although
the Joint session (with the Academy of Sciences USSR) on Pavlov's teaching has
indicated the course which should be followed by physiologists, clinicians, and,
incidentally, pediatricians, all of whom are being criticized at present, an
authoritative manual of physiology which conforms to the decision of this Joint
session is lacking. Tur added that at present there is disagreement on the most
important problems of Pavlovian physiology, and that an objectionable polemic,
in the course of which the actual ::object cutter ;:_s disrec; aided, had developed
between A.G. Ivanov-Sno1on kiy and .1.
Prof V.M. Zhadanov reproached t'
its presidium for neglecting the do: c` c ln- o 1:deaiol ciencec USSR and
and io;:menr, of e iemioi.a?
virology. He stated that Li:ere a, :e, orerthe prophylaxis c no e:'fective ::rtaodc for the prop-
of dysentery. The academy tolerates clad ;,acted by the Epidemiological
Division of the Institute of Eni.ie:cioic y and Iiicrobiolc y iiaeni II.P. Gamaleya
on ineffective parcnteral vaccines, ;:silo at the same time it impedes the de-
velopment of a dispensary method of ;.orhyl:ixle. He also ;stated that no effec-
tive vaccines have been developed for measles, scarlet fever, or whooping cough,
al.thourh it is ;:oil ;mown tir,.t the be:,t :method for the prophyluxis of these
diseases is active immunization. lie further stated that one of the reasons for
the?:ri development of epidemiology and ... ercbio c_? to iieet _,r.ctical demands is tl
eof a aa!ritfuetcry ^?cnexs:l the
theory of epldc:^iolo,-y. Lhdanov,
added that Burin; recent years the p:er;idiur.; of the _c.siQ :y concentrated on
cWvin? problems cf Paviav in 11,.y
iolory, zie_d of
lisps to be done notwiti~st :ndin_: the eff its ended on it, , ,r iculh much ro-
of the fact that the debates; on .:roblcse in this field iicuiathe i n view
objective .re er%;onal rather than
and furtiaermcre ... _ permeated with cl: ,._, for-,?ratisn.
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COUPI Dn y
presidium do not foster criticisms +'cademy of Medical Sciences USSR and its
twin monopolies enjoyed by to an adecuate extent and in this way raain-
individual scientists, for instance K.1?!. Bykov, who
is protected from criticism. Dr hied Sri M. G. Durmish-yen ns criticized the
Academician Ye. N. al spoke arainst monopoliem it: science.
Pavlovskiy statedso
Medical Sciences USSR does not p that the Presidium of the Academy of
Bard to the decision Of the p ay enou;h attention to parasitolobZ.
residium of the academy of F?f_dical In e-
Sciencesre-R
tc suggested create a that it large cewouldnter be better idsa, to asume work in this field at tha
m
presidium for some reason encoutitute of _;erimental Medicine, alt tough t
this institute. ,es wovk on physioloSical problems ~_nly at
Prof I.I.S. 1?faslov objected
on work done at the i to th,o fact that the tnr=sidium reports annually
cademy inctituLer;,but fails to re port work done b Y indi
v:idual active members and enrrespondin taembers who are a
academy institutions. Prof r t. -
- I?" r"vsFaY ^ad "rude an,
directed against; prominent-ovict scienti-tr.' ill
-founded statements
the im-ortance of morphological investigations Prof D. A. Zhdanov pointed out
techniques for carrying out investigations precise
the stated that more
e field of morphololyar essential.
Prof P.P. Bondarenko objected to the al:cech made by I.M. Nevskiy, and
said that one cannot condemn the whole activity of a scientist on the basis
of individual errors, as has been done by I.G. Dur::tish'yan. He further said
th:t controversies between different croups oP scientists stultify scientific
thinking, and pointed out that K.11. Bykov and A.G. Ivanov-Smolenskiy did not
take advantage of all Opportunities to Propagandize Pavlov's teaching. Prof
N.I. Grashchenkov criticized the O: ani::ational activity of the presidium,
saying that some necessary in titutee have not been created, and suggesting
that it would be of advantage to transfer the institute of the Higher Nervous,
Activity of Humans from the ,cademy of Jciences USSR to the Academy of Medical
Sciences USSR.
Prof S.R. Mardashev said that the Fresidium of the Academy of Medical
Science USSR and the Ministry of Public Health USSR have not been able to
organize cooperation between scientists, and that the Academy of Medical
Sciences USSR has condoned suppression of criticism, with the result that
people like Bozh?yan thrive Oct a -rc t c:q,ense to thte state. Academician A.D.
Speransl:iy stated that critic"'.-N, must
consist advance 'asitlve suggestions rather than
of rare attar;, on acme ty_,e cf ?.?~..:. Prof L.A. Zi- her
reasons which prevent the discussed the
with the so-utic^ of r.,u nt ;cinnti;'ic problems connected
prophylais and therapy
diseases. =I :.castes poliomyelitis, cancer, and other
In the course of this discussion, Pi11ber suujected to criticism the
organization of scientific investigations in the field of oncology. He stated
that the presidium Bees not always l::y due attention to the opinion of competent
scientists. He e::pressed regret that laboratory for work on the mass culture
Of tissues, the creation c,' which taO decided upon at a special conference held
by the IL?edico-Biological Derartraent in 1 52, has net been organized as yet
within the academy.
After e:cpre;;sing hisebje.t.ion:, to the attitude of :yuzin and Nevskiy,
Prof V.N. iherni~ovskiy ss:._d t1.;;;; actual zriticis:,t prob:,.biy would be received
with gratitude by K.I.T. Bykov an:i hi:, collaborat,^.:?s. Prop A.G. Ivanov-Smolenskiy
tc'?1 obout
investigations in the field of higher rervous activity conducted at th.: inst +? . d..y trnve ie being
?_ ?_a ;.?c..- _..,. .;lthcuglt ci::cy of these investtigattions
are successful, he said, labs pertaining to th'functionlna of the hemisp}teres lcu;e cerebral
to cnto;,enesis and ty e. hi.cher ne_ ; ;u:; -twit:;, ".11-3 to cortical
inhibition arc n^t being c..r:'i._d cut to a stn"i'iclen`.
t.ts institutes of
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CCII?IDL;Twi:;L
physiology and of e:ci,erimental medicine. Least of all has been done on the
investigation of the hi-?her nervous activity of adults, he added. He then
subjected to criticism the Presidium, of which he is a member, for weaknesses
in organizational :work, and expressed the opinion that work in the field of
corticovisceral eatholo,z, represents "a deviation from the main road of Pavlovian
physiology:" Ivanov-Smolenskiy also defended himself against criticism directed
at him during the session and in various publications.
In the neat address IC.2d. Bycov errul>::sized that prophylactic medicine ma'-
succeed only by following, the path indicated by I.P. Pavlov. He thanked the
Participants of the cession for criticizing hi:r and stated that the Scientific
Council on iavlov's l?hy:;iolol;icc.1 Teachin;,, of which he is the head, and the
Presidium of the ,.cade:ay of Medical :sciences USSR, h.ve not yet been able to
eliminate many of tiro sir :'tcc^rings Pointed out during the cession.
In t, 'c addrec of 1G Darn Per lgj ;,;itii which he concluded the Genes al dis-
cussion, ..I. Uester:;v e;._ _?c: e1
had been adv^ ed r, ata f;=coon that much constructive r.,?;tic+-
factual critici c an to.i i rat, nltl:ru,;: it will b of advantage to heed
any a~ter.n,. to r?evi.e under the guise of criticism the de-
cisions of the Scientific 3eosion of Frvlov's Teaching [of the joint scscion
with the Acader.,.y o ;cienae USSR] .iue;t be decisively rejected.
On 10 December 1 ti;
.reefed by Dr L. .;teidle, I?fini, to of
Public Health, Ocrn:.n Dec:oc. '.tic iioi ublic, ;:n-I Dr' B. Kozusznilc, Deputy Minister
of Public Health, Polish 1'cn_lc', i;e;,ubl'a.
A report entitled "T1,.2 it yl;.ctic Direction in Medicine, ~nd bi
of Physiology and :al; _}:y.,i,.1e ;presented by V.11. Chernigovskiy. Ins
this report, Cheeni zr,:'.:iy discus ed the :x atho,;enesis and therapy of diseases
from the standpoint of the unity bctvicen this orE;_,nTsm and its cnviroment, of
cortico-vi5ceea1 rclationshi,cs, and cf the neurorenic theory of the origin of
diseases. He pointed out Lire irmortance of the metho( ri' experimental prophy-
laxis, i.e., one involving investigations of the prophylaxis: o. diseases and
also of their therapy on e:_,crimental animal models in which a condition dup-
licating the human disease has been artificially created. He also stated that
the dependence of individual characteristics of pathogenesis on the type of the
higher nervous activity has been convincingly demonstrated by I.S. Speranskiy'a
work on the therapy of hypertension.
In the discussion of V.N. Chernigo-ecl:iy's report, I.V. Datiydovckiy said
that the distinction bet:recn etioic;y (external factors) and pathogenesis
(internal factors) has been cr.a:;ed. He
ny diseases is ,, t fed that prophylaxis m s
..porfect, ;::Ltir:rt;;h _rne' causative yac ators of the e diseases are
ksown,and e;p1 rifled this :ry _y." ti.r.t _aropiy_' in directed against the
aicroorgc:nisms, while one also Consider Inc human being and .his environ-
ment
In the course Of sya:scsi.u,r c.n th.: }:r~shyla,:tic --meeti, of internal reed-
icine, A.L. Mysni::o~, st_tod th..t the differences in the ar;-roach used by hy-
gienists and ellniciar e,uct be eliu:in~tcd, no that the esuential unity in the
causes of dineacee -:i11 n,t.be overlcched. Ile also th,t investigation of
difference'; in t tyke nervous ;icr.:cf patients
,u.;L not be undcrestim~aed
because typ;~_c ia~ ch_r,^.ete:?i_ ti^c . t.::., ne:: _?uc sy:tc;:; cont:?ibutr. to the de- ,
vel.op:ent of dices e such 1r'n i r n:.[on
' ~ , ~:?c~Lntestinal
ulcers, etc. He added %h~t ,-..;en r r r _ .mac cr d ticn plays an irroot?tant
r?c:c in the pee.hy1 n Internet I. eb ov dl uus.-,cd
tn VaiCe. of pt -,r, e c In ti n nd tro..t% e ni
v ih prcve?r ton of
cancer. He tea t11h r i ,; d by rcol i , th t
r:nccr-
o;eni_ substance n. c r ' t cr ;. o: if cancer raa.crned
ha- had a har.aul
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IDE LT 14', L
Prof. A. 1.
that according t
' the- sl)'Dizu on the Prophylaxis of cancel Ile s"Lid
.persons in tile duj,ing~ the past been c,irzicd out on 2:0
ported on some results 't years. Prof. I.N. llayskiy re-
V_ '.rl the field of 1111010rZr obtained at tile Institute '
culosis in the USEi ~osenev told about the prophyla:;is of tuber-
. it 1h
of Medical Sciences Ud3D is ,;aided by the Institute of Tuberculosis. ,,endey
directions: (1) develc)n!::Qn'
than BCG [Bacillus C31-laetto-Guerin],
ao that the repeated i 'un iz~.tlonz; neccosaj-Y with Bca ;;ill be
and (3) Prevention of chronic
tuberculosis which 1-ca cured]
:)` e In cOnr'lusion, Prof stated that tile
and that this reliance h~'- is T)`,,,Ld on t, :~ d
A discussion on -the status and
?
and it environment. i i"cu'sin? the unity between the or anism
Fie stated tht the envircttaent should be investigated from
three viewpoint..: U - 9ty: I:lcr
:a-, ratt:oci:,?,:i_lo:ic:i, and r,*.it_
He also said that the `:;Ctl:cd of eend e-sively
ic::1.
iieneed tcfie::es
in investigations in the field of hygiene. is being used ext:aenensivel
In the general discussion which followed Sysin'e rei;ort, most h gicnists
who particii;ated were satisfied
with the definition hygiene as given b?,/ of the role and tae: is
t earlier _rs r_t the ae:,ion. Some of the hygienists
expressed astoniahuent
h^-.,ever, at V.ii. Cherni~-ovs:ay':: ;;uSgeation tli::t
hygienists regard their own activity r entirely dependent on results obtained
by physiologists, Prof. A.A. L?_tevet e:aphasiaed the necessity of ensuring
cooperation from representatives of all branches of medical sciences, including
physiologists, hygienists, and clinicists
prophylactic measure;, He in order to carry on efficient exa on the etiological factors ofVdiseases o mthc peripherrlooncrvdun investigations
were carried out by the Institute of Labor Hy-ierno and Pro_'essionalyDiseasesch
in collaboration with the Institute of I}curoio:;y, .':ccerdin; to Letavet, the
efforts of by ieni;t1;, physiologi ts, cheaist;, ;nd cagineers were coabined in
this wovk, as a result of which, n..ca;urc:: for the :eac?tt of h
conditions wore propo:;ed. Y~icn:ic
Prof G. A. Batkjs discussed :::n .Ls:o rtant: . -srt rrilyLa:;is, the treat-
ment of the popu1 ation in dispenc ri.a;-? He rta ed h-t t}tc system e diopen-
sary trect:rr?nt suffers,
,and scientifi
e c roencach institute; are reluctant to rtici_ to in it.
In the subuivisl m of the an do :1i12.;
of scientific ruse , w'?th tae i'e; and i,'il:eaes'
ai?c:1
the principal report ?a? ?ven by V.D. eeaes,
is the foremost T ::lz.::.r. s,a,ted that the Uhrc
country in the world :is l u? the an ic?:el cd rc.! ~
t p1'v}:iii i:; o: :in,ccticu cii c c a nor-. nu;
fist "' have Uere o eu an o_.i g n iet ccien-
,enet t, i ,i~ 1n:~ec-
C.IOLer . , - he i 1 .Y L r ah our ty nu , b ace' 1cs , :nd o t e: di .
t:et -~. He _urcaer stated
imnortan6 ori;;inai Deep gamic, cut in the I};'; or. naura].iuc.I
Of infertious diseases. lie seinted out the: reseerc!1 en the t:c:di:ic.aion of
micreoi?ganisne is of rest import::ncc rcrth_ :rr_hy1. '
and s: id that vaccine ,,,.sin:: Cu- t}e cvention n ec;ious disuses,
brucelles
ice, ?nflucn:.n, _03,: ot.rcr greases ~:ve been ,b t. ittcd n the basis of
work done in this; Meld. Sc :.?eo stated t!::-",;
re; ,..; -h h_ ;,cvelopment and
multiplication of microor;anicros resulted in now c:eth'sdc,V1
led to rag' cenatnon which
radical 1t:tprovements in the production of br~eteri:.? -reparerations.
slection with the derelc_:;e '
s-c`e gr.enic sciences
In this in con-
of Prophylactic c:cdicine was Launched by a report
of ,;.hi. 3ysin. report,
Pavlovian medicine and r,hysiolo /-an ei;ed the ;rinciales of oviet and
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CGIIFIDiiIT Z;S,
In c,nnection with problems of icauneerophylaxis and imreunotherapy, Timakov
stated mentioned that the at progress present one can achieved by the application of Pavlov's theories. He
specific irritations no longer entertain any doubt that =7-nation of
and reflectory mechanisms is of importance in the path-
oGenes3s of bacterial infections and in immunogenesi It has ,lso been eroveh,
Timakov added, that the processes involved in the development of pathogenesis
and ismyuno?enesis are regulated by the central nervous system. Timakov went
on to say that productive research is being done on problems of specific
immunoprophylaxis and of the thercuy of infectious diseases, with the result
that new bacterial, prophylactic, and therapeutic preparations have been de-
veloped. He added that U33R re.;earcherz investigated within a short time the
ecology and epidemiology of .;easonal enceehalites, hea:crrha is fevers, and a
number of rickettsioses, and on the b:"_sis of the inforeation obtained developed
a system of prophylactic measures for these diseases.
A considerable part of Ti:.:
shortcomings in research on the prernyl; n off ? " dinfectevot:,ed to a discussion of
particularly that modification ' ,ls diseases, Ha mentioned
of microorganisms is sf?r
but not under natural conditions; blot rite ;;rrn,yyl ?..i,. -+'~
cough, scarlet fever, and measles y tod therapy to enoopt;
is bein o not
physiobo y udied to an a-and to ?:tent
and also that problems pertaining t
ti:i
prophylaxis of virus disease: are not I 3 bcin;; investigated ad odreland euatel.y.
t
Prof. A.P.. y.tOorodinttev di;i not c:;ree with h some c; the st::te.:entc
by V.D. Tira:kev.Jpecifieally, he criticized Tircekov's assertions to the conditioned reflex mechanism of th f modie in regard
use for th_ pre ?ration of live vaccines of micicro:cr;;ornaofnisms ob ms antibodies b she
P= ?tained by di-
rected modification. In regard to the prophylaxis of influenza, Smorodintsev
ree,arked that application of live anti-influenza vaccine and o; scrum -)roT)hy-
].~yris on the b sis of methods developed by Will scientists reduces the in-
cidence of influenza by a :actor of two at lc-..-t. Notwithstanding this achieve-
cent, 'Smorodintsev added, the ;c;:dery doe:' not support work on the prophylaxis
of influenza to a sufficient eOtent, and the work of virological laboratories
in Grneral is lapginG.
Prof P. G. Sergiyev discussed the problem of complete elimination of
malaria in the USSR. He also said that at present one of the most important
problems is development of an effective vaccine against measles. In order
to develop this vaccine, he stated, it is necessary to surely the laboratories
with Gnireal.s which are cusce,tible to i.e., monkeys, Prof V..L. Troit-
ekiy recorcconded wider use of :totcpe; and
Mom=; emnhu-izin; ear in scientis research.
the iy._ortance .r ,;rc;:.t??,..ctic inoculations a;ai.stnst dysentery,
he prolicsed that work on this subject be conducted or, a wider scale at the
Sukhumi I?icdico-BioloiC:ll Station.
Prof. I.I. Sogozin subjected to czit:ice individual prepositions of
V.D. Timakov's report crtair.ir.;; t0 research :;n '.he direr,cd modification of
microorganisms. He said :h.:t the :author - i:hc report i. wrong in ?ssertin?
that sufficien;; data are not acv::ilable for 'she -y,licati n
physiology to the im'eeaii;:=tion of i:-::,uno_ogicl ;,rnblerr;
or, this subject have been aecuoul:,teu ' -xensive data
' at ?/:u?ieus USSR foci?lutes [Ronozin's
recarl:s are not understandable in t:
repNort, , ;.Lev ~?, cf the taut, '.aa=4 account in rim+~.t~nv's
, pea ib..,, rc?e:' to eorcdiu.:ee. 'ra o ther tir_.n ' icrakov':, reioort.
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4 CONFIDENTIAL
Prof Sh. D. Moshkovskiy discussed organizational problems connected with
the activity of the new academy institutes: the Chemotherapy, and Chethoprophylaxis and the Institute et of An Antibiotics .IHegsaid
that the basic program of work at the new institutes must be planned under
participation of specialists from all fields, irrespective of the academy de-
partments to which they belong. He also remarked that lack of attention to
problems of the epidemiology of dysentery interferes with the solution of
these problems. Prof L.V. Gromashovskiy also criticized the presidium for
lack of attention to those problems and stated that the work of the Kiev In-
stitute of Infectious Diseases became more one-sided aft
been included in the De art
er is had
Sciences USSR. He further meat of clinical Medicine of thetAcademytofuMedical
at this institute or at the said that epidemiologists are not represented Institute either
epidemiology at hi of Virclot, and that instruction in
finer educational institutions, suffers from many defects.
of V.I. Ioffe discussed shortcomings in the study of the nerve regulation
of immunological processes. He also said that the academy does not
cient
cient attention to investigations on the etiol.p~_ and and further discussed the wi pay c suffi-
In regard to ytcpnylaxic of rheumatism gna, and Of scarlet
whooping ti" rheumatism Ioffe said that ' `_`nsome reason not par-
ticipate in research on this disease. Aclfarcas tscarlet fever and whooping
cough are concerned, he suggested that work on methods of inoculation against
these diseases be continued. He added that the initial results of work on
inoculation against scarlet fever were encouraging.
Ye. N. Levkovich told about investigations done by USSR scientists in the
field of physiology of viruses, the directed modification of viruses, and the
role of the nervous system in virus diseases. He said that use of physiological
data had led to the development of U. number of methods for the vaccinoprophylaxis
of virus diseases. Prof B.S. Preobrazhenskiy stated that the
disease requires the cooperation of physicians active in different fields of
specialization. He mentioned as an example the prophylaxis of any
and/or respiratory catarrhs), a disease which occurs h inathreefdifferent forms,
each of which re pare^, grippe [influenza
q entirely different methods of prophylaxis.
The meeting of 10 December 1953 was closed with an address given by N.N.
Zhukov-Verezhnikov, Deputy Minister of Public Health, USSR. Zhukov Verezhnikov
said that the Eighth Session of the Academy of Medical Sciences USSR if of
great importance, because it disclosed many serious defects in the work of the
academy. One of these defects, Zhukov-Verezhnikov stated, is the fact that
institutions which are not directly concerned with problems of hygiene do not
participate in work on the scientific aspect:; of prophylaxis. According to
Zhukov-Verezhnikov, the Ministry of Public Health USSR considers it essential
that work of this type be conducted not'cnly at hygienic and antiepidemic in-
stitutions, but also at institutes and laboratories which carry on investiga-
tions in physiology, biochemistry, pharmacclog,,,, and medical biology and, in
addition, at clinics for internal, pediatric, sur]ical, and obstetric-gyne-
cological diseases.
As far as the practical needs of public health work are concerned, Zhukov-
Verezhnikov pointed out the necessity of solving a number of problems as a
basis for prophylactic measures. In order that these problems be solved, be
said, it has been proposed that the subdivision of experimental Pro
be included in the state plan of scientific medical invest phylaxis
igations. Work in
this subdivision, Zhukov-Verezhnikov stated, will expedite investigation of
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the etiology athen ccho oneallof dicea cIn c
onclusion, 'nuko~-Verezhnikov
S e
ession of the tAc, he
em Y severe riticism, advanced during the sighth
Y of Medical Sciences U032 and directed against certain
shortcomings in cite work of the Ministry of Fublic Health USSR and the Presi-
dium of the Academy of !Medical Sciences U3SR, will reinforce the principle of
collective work and will have a beneficial effect on the progress of medical
science and public health.
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