FOOD INDUSTRY IN RUMANIA,1953

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700180287-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 287
• Publication Date: May 24, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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HOW
CLASSIFICATION CONFID:yn'IAL
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO.
COUNTRY Rumania
DATE OF
PUBLISHED Daily newspapers
..o n.. or ,.c u... coo~.Al
..cram. ,,. r,.,.?,viw a nn
no? or i,r co?an ,o o. nn ur c.., ........ ..no
DATE DIST..2 9 May 1954
NO. OF PAGES 11
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
FOOD INDUSTRY IN RUMANIA, 1953
[Summary: Acute shortages have existed in Rumania in meat prod-
ucts, oils, and sugar. The quality of bread and canned goods has
been poor. Procurement of agricultural products has been unsatis-
factory and the shortages which existed in 1952 continued through-
out the first 8 months of 1953.
In the fall of 1953, the Rumanian ;cevernment announced that it
planned to invest 1.8 billion lei in the food industry during 1953-
1955, instead of the 980 million lei origina.ly provided by the
Five-Year Plan. The Ministry of Agriculture set up additional lo-
cal canneries in 1953 to produce 13,000 tons more canned foods than
originally planned. Many new I.kA.?tes were :on.,tructed and exist-
ing ones were improved. Aiditional rood distribution centers were
opened, but some are criticized for incompetence and negligence.
It was announced that production of sugar from the new sugar
beet harvest had started at the beginning of September.
Fisheries in Galati Regiune and the Delta area, the largest
fish supply centers of the country, are blamed for inefficiency,
negligence, and unwillingness to collaborate with government
agencies.
Numbers in parentheses refer to appended sources.;
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STATE
ARMY
NAVY INSR8
AIR FBI
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The Rumanian vegetable and fruit harvest progressed well. Some regiunes
had brought in the sugar crop by 20 September. Increasingly larger quantities
of raw materials were supplied to the food industry -- to vegetable, meat, and
fish canneries, marmalade factories, sugar refineries, and bakeries. The 1953
harvest ensured much larger quantities of raw materials for the food industry
than in 1952.
The food industry has been expanded considerably in. recent years. New
factories, such as bakeries, oil mills, vegetable, fruit, meat, and fish can-
neries, and refrigeration installations, have been built. Existing factories
have been enlarged and improved with new modern equipment. Lange investments
have been made in the sugar, edible oils, beer, and wine industries to increase
and improve production. Bread production, for example, increased 44 percent
in 1952,as compared to 1949; canned vegetable production increased 147 percent;
marmalade production, 146 percent; and the production of confections, 92 per-
cent. More than 152 new varietiee were added to the food industry in the last
3 years. While the food industry has grown and improved considerably in recent
years, the food supply is neither sufficient nor of good quality. -
tant items like sugar, vegetable oils, Some impor and canned vegetables were below planned
quotas, even though the Ministry of Food Industries exceeded its plan in 1952.
The directive of the plenary session of the Central Commiti.ee of the Ruma-
nian Workers Party, dated 19-20 August. 1;53, gave instructions for the improve-
ment of the food industry, in accordance with. the over-all development of the
national economy. The government will grant investments of 1.8 billion lei for
1953-1955 to the food industry, as against the ;=80 mil
lion lei provided in the
Five-Year Plan. As a result, production of canned meat, fish, edible oils, and
sugar will be increased by 40-60 percent in 1954, as compared to ]ty953i?n Tethech-
nicians and workers in the food Industry have a treat responsibili
accomplishment of the plan. They must ensure the proce sing of the large 1953
crop, using the full. capacity of enterprises, of individual installations, and
of the potential reserves in every enterprise. Many factories are still pro-
ducing below their actual potential because machines and equipment are not fully
used. For example, the Arovit Cannery, Valea-lui-Mihat. Oradea P.e lunc, did
not utilize its full production capacity in canning p.> as The plant sent part
of the fresh peas to the Aprozar Cooperative to he sold, instead cf canning
them. As a result, the plan was not fuii'.,lled.
The Ministry of Food Industry and individual enterprise;, must concentrate
their attention on increased production. Socialist competition must be encour-
aged. Raw materials must be t be followed
obtained on time, contracts mus,
and deliveries must be enforced. The good quality of products is of major
importance. It must be admitted that some enterprises neglect quality. The
Gurahont and Fructul Romanesc canneries, the Parscov Marmalade Factory, the
Avram Iancu Bakery, the Dunareana Confectionery Factory, the Feleacul Candy
Factory, and others have supplied producta oi' poor quality. Workers have
voiced their Justified dissatisfaction with these commodities and nave com-
plained that the managements of these enterprises are disregarding the needs
of the people. Contrasted to this are the good-quality products of the Flora
Cannery, This factory strictly supervises production and quality. It employs
skilled and trained workers. The factory has, furthermo
and educational courses for its new personnel. re, organized training
The Ministry of Food Industry and the respective directorates must closely,
supervise all enterprises to increase production, to vary assortments, and to
improve quality. Factory managers who disregard standard rules and requirements
for superior quality should be called to task and punished. Executive committees
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of people's councils must supervise bread bakeries to improve the quality of
bread and flour pastes. At the some time, prices should be reducei. The
fight against waste of raw materials and equipment, unproductive expenses, and
negligence must be carried to the limit. Coasts must be reduced and returns
increased.
Workers in the food industry, in fruit and meat canneries, in oil mills,
in sugar refineries, in bakeries, in tobacco and alcohol factories and in
candy factories must strive to increase production and to improve quality for
the good of all.(1)
The Ministry of Agriculture, in cooperation with regiune, raion, and com-
mune people's councils, organized fruit and vegetable pinning center. These
centers will produce 13,000 tons more canned food in 19j3 than in 1952.
Timisoara Regiune organized 19 canning centers, including 12 centers at
auxiliary farms. Close to 600 tons of canned fruit and vegetables, of the
1,900-ton quota, were produced by 10 September. In Oradea Re_iune, 103 cen-
ters processed and canned 240 tons of fruit and vegetables by 5 September.
Centers in Bucharest, Baia-Mare, Hunedoara, and Ploesti regiunes canned large
quantities of vegetables and fruit. Suceava Regiune opened 22 centers, with
a planned production of 1,000 tons of canned fruit and vegetables.(2)
The ninth session of t!ie Hunedoara ReCiune People's Council was held on
27 September 1'53. The committee reported that the standard of living of the
Hunedoara Regiune population had materially improved in recent months. For
example, in the first 8 months of 1953, the population received 141 percent
more bread, 39 percent more oil, and 60 percent more sugar products and mar-
malades than in the same period of 1952.(3)
Fruit crops in Jibou Raion, Cluj Regiune, have become increasingly larger
and better. Possibilities of procuring and processing fruit are, therefore,
also larger. The raion cooperatives set up four preserve and pulping centers.
Contracts for preserving and canning fruit were made with the canneries in
Gheorgheni, Hungarian Autonomous Re:,iune; the Filaret-Bucharest Cannery, Bucha-
rest Regiune; and the De? Fruit Cannery, Cluj Regiune. Cooperative managers
and commune primary party organizations carefully attended to the fulfillment
of the contracts. The cooraratires of Na_,radea and Garnou communes made con-
tracts with peasants for large quantities of fruit for canning purposes, and
a
C two dvancedalargessums of no to peasant:-. Individual peasants of Naprndea
of forest for sold 20 carloads of summer olumsand14 carloaisof appl0es, lei. They also
Despite the agitation carried on by cooperatives, fruit procurement was
quite unsatisfactory considering the size of ti,e crop. The indifference of
some cooperative union mana,ements was one of the reasons for insufficient de-
liveries.. The cooperatives did not make contracts with peasants soon enough.
The Balan, Creaca, and Letca cooperatives, which had the necessary funds to
pay for the fruit, did not use the money and suisequently returned it to the
central organization.
Craciun Ancau, chairman of the Jibou Raion Cooperative Union, did not pro-
vide sufficient dryers and processing centers. Consequently, only one drying
installation operated in the raion; the construction of a second fruit-drying
installation, which was started early in the season, was not completed by fall.
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The serious shortcoming;; at the Jibou Cooperative Union must also be i,iamei
on the indifference of ti,e raion party committee. The committee analyzed some
of the decisions taken to improve work in the raion, but did riot follow up on
their implementation. Nothing was done to process and store the fruit, which
spoiled. In addition, large quantities were not delivered at all.(4)
The Arovit Ceinnery, Valea-lui-Mihai Commune, Oradea Regiune, was consider-
ably enlar;e1 in recent yearn with machines imported from the Soviet Union.
However, the cannery loco not work efficiently and does not complete its quotas.
It completed only 'y.15 :ercent of planned vegetable canning for the first quar-
ter of 1953. Contracts were made with peasants for delivery of their vegetable
crops, exceedin `.he contract plan by 30."9 percent. The cannery sent 12 agents
to the farms concern el, to supervise the vegetable plan, but the agents were
not trained nn: could no' properly advise the peasants. As a result,
deliveries fell short of plan. Deliveries of peas, for example, should
have started by 20 May, but the first shipments did not come in until
20 June. It is true that the exceptionally cold weather delayed ripening.
The result was that deliveries of the entire pea crop were completed in 6 days,
instead of being extended over a period of a month. In the first 26 days of
August, the cannery remained behind in canning ve;;etables in water and in to-
mato sauce. Consequently, the canning plan war: fulfilled only 53.13 percent.
The management of ',;:e factory did not organize labor properly. Work was slow
and inefficient in ti:e first 20 days of the mont,i.; then in the last few days
of the month, the bi rush set in. For example, :n the vegetable canning de-
partment, 6000 cans were produced on 26 August, while only 700-900 cans were
produced on other day., of the same month.
It must also be mentioned that the General Directorate for Canneries of
the Ministry of Food Industry did not take measures to support the management
of the factory. Many replacement parts were needed for machines, but could
not be obtained. The manager of the cannery went to Oradea several ?imea, but
could not get the parts there; they could be obtained only from the Sacueni
Supply Center. However, the latter did not have the parts at t. ha' time. Thus,
some of the machines could not be used at full capacity because of the lack
of a few yards of electric wire. The General Directorate for Canneries of the
Ministry of Food Industry should give
more e
Work must be better or.;anized, suppliesmust_yflcwiunto the andvit Cannery. be kept in constant operation. eaJyia, and machines must
All this couii be easily achieved with more
attention and better manageeme ent. (5)
The Fructul Romanesc Cannery of Craiova, Craiova Regiune, pledged to pro-
duce 25 percent more canned foods in 1951 than in 1,53. Through mechanization
of certain operations, the workers of this -cannery succeeded in reducing proc_
essift; time and in etceedin:,, their norms. During he second quarter of 1353,
cannery completed its value plan 11" percent and its production plan 142
percent. The cannery sup;, lied close to 5r: percent more canned vegetables in '
water and tomato sauce, and 29 percent more fruit pul;p.(6)
The executive committee of the Ploesti Regiune People's Council is very
anxious to improve the Liviaq standard of its pouulation, and has been devoting
its attention to the food problem. It has constructed several nev canneries.
For example, a vegetable cannery was put in o eratio:; in Br,tac:anca Commune.
The Part:izanui Marmalade Factory of Ramnicu-Sarat processed 45 tons of mar-
malades and fruit pulps. The Flacara Cannery of Bucau way at the peak of pro-
luction in canning and picklin,z by 5 September. The 23 August at Canning
Factory produced and delivered 2,500 kilograms of meat products to the dis-
tribution center of the Aiimentara Cooperative in 10 days. The Octombrie-
Rosu Meat Cannery also produced large quantities of canned meats daily. The
Ploesti Regiune executive Committee in general, and the Urziceni, Ploesti,
and Targoviste raion committees in particular, give considerable aid to raion
enterprises, placing at their disposal parcels of land for vegetable garden-
ing.(;)
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The Uniunea Raionala a Cooperativelor de Aprovizionare si Desfacere (Raion
Union of Supply and Distribution Cooperatives), Campina, Ploesti Regiune, re-
cently organized several new centers for fruit preserving. The Supply and Dis-
tribution Cooperative of Breaza, Ploesti Regiune, for example, had preserved
46,000 kilograms of plums by 26 September. The fruit preservinc center of the
same town is also making good progress. It preserved 17,000 kilograms of fruit
purchased from the Sotrile Village Cooperative, 5,000 kilograms of raspberries,
4,500 kilograms of cornel berries and plums, and more than 6,000?kilograms of
pears. The Banesti Ccmmune Cooperative pre
d
pare
1,70C kilograms of sour cherry
syrup needed for the blending of other syrups, and 3,700 kilograms of blackberry
pulp. The Magureni Cooperative preserved 3,700 kilograms of plums.(8)
The new cannery in Bratasanca, Ploesti Raion, Ploesti Regiune, was con-
structed in 16 lays. The construction was started on 1 August and -he cannery
was put in operation 2 weeks later. The factory has five boilers and three
steam cookers. It had produced 1,550 jars of egplant in tomato sauce, 620
jars of various vegetables, and 2,315 bottles of tomato paste by the end of
August. The planned production for the new factory is 30,000 kilograms of
various types of pickled peppers, cucumbers, etc. It will also produce fruit
pulp-(9)
The organization of fruit and vegetable processing centers is one of the
main duties of raion cooperatives. The Union of Cooperatives of Sfantu-Gheorghe
Raton, Hungarian Autonomous Regiune, set a good example by organizing fruit and
vegetable processing centers in five sectors of the raion. These centers proc-
essed two carloads of plums and apples, and 1,000 kilograms of raspberries and
strawberries. The centers also pickled 12,000 kilo.;rams of cucumbers and canned
a carload of vegetables by 1' September. The Bicral Fruit Processing Center
also had good results. The Zagon Canning Center processed 1,500-2,000 kilograms
of fruit daily. (10)
The Mureseni Canning Factory, Targu_Mures Raton, Hun arian Autonomous Re-
giune, was expanded and equipped with modern machines. An auxiliary plant pro-
ducing various sizes of tin cans was also added to the cannery. The cannery
produces canned pens, string beans, peppers, stuffed cabbage and peppers, veg-
etable stew, etc. The production capacity is 20,000 cans per 8-hour shift.
A new wing under construction will contain fruit and vegetable dryer. In
1953, the factory will increase its production 43 percent over that of 1952.(11)
A new cannery was constructed at the outskirts of Tecuci Town, on the
road to Galati, Galati Regiune. This cannery is of great economic importance.
It will increase the supply of canned food for the urban population of Galati
Regiune and it will stimulate vegetable and fruit growing in the area. This
cannery will be equipped with the most modern machines. Production will be
mechanized 90 percent. The tomato `nice section will fill about 60,000 bottles
in a 20-hour period. The cannery will have a special installation to keep
fruit fresh for long periods of time, so that production can be continued dur-
ing the winter. After the peak season for fruit and vegetables, the cannery
will process meat products. It will have a laboratory to study vegetable pro-
duction per hectare and methods of improving the quality oi? produce. Excellent
working conditions will be provided. A medical office, rest rooms for women
(who will be employed in large numbers in this factory), and 500 lockers and
more than 100 showers will also be placed at the disposal of the workers.(12)
The quota at the 11 flour mills of the Gheorghe Dimitrov enterprises in
Oradea Regiune was fu]fil.ed 255 percent in the first 28 days of August 1953,
and the quality of products was improved 50 percent as compared to 1952. The
Osorhei and Biharia milling units contributed largely to this excess production,
exceeding their daily norms by 80-90 percent.
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The Gheorghe Dimitrov enterprises have 25 separate factories, including a
sausage factory, a biscuit bakery, a lemonade and Seltzer water plant, and 11
oil mills. In addition the enterprise recently built a vegetable and fruit
cannery in Osorhei Commune capable of producing 600 kilograms of canned food
per day.
Important successes were also registered by the Petoefi enterprise of
Sacueni Raion, Oradea Regiune. This enterprise has 29 production units, in-
cluding a cannery, a fruit drying installation, and a pulpin installation for
fruit and vegetables.
The 7 Noembrie enterprise of Leius Raion has 37 production units. These
units completed 105 percent of their plan for the month of August 1953. The
7 Noembrie enterprise had started production for October quotas by 5 Sep-
tember-(7)
Bucharest City housewives working at people's councils organized numerous
canning centers throughout the city. The 1 Mai sector, for example, prepared
4,200 kilograms of tomato paste by 22 September; two other centers in the Stalin
sector prepared 2,000 kilograms of tomato paste. The Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
sector preserved large quantities of vegetables.(13)
Workers at the auxiliary tin can factory of the Flora Cannery, Bucharest,
Bucharest Regiune, are trying to economize on raw materials. They reduced by
50 percent the consumption of alloy in the process of closing cans; this re-
sulted in a monthly saving of 5,000 lei. A further saving has been achieved
through the use of tin waste from can production. These small scraps of tin
are used for soda and beer bottle caps.(14)
The Zagna-Vadeni Cannery, Galati Regiune, is equipped with modern machines
and installations and produces 8,000 cans and jars of food daily. The factory
added eight new varieties of canned foods in 1953, including fruit jams, canned
eggplant in tomato sauce, and vegetable stew. The factory produced 50 percent
over plan in the first 8 months of 1953.(15)
The 22 canning centers in Baia-Mare Regiune produce a large portion of
the food supplies for the working people of the regiune. Workers in the meat
canning departments produced 29.3 percent more canned meats of good quality in
the first 6 months of 1953 than in the same period of 1952. The edible paste
departments produced in the same period 80 percent more than in the first 6
months of 1952. A fruit-drying installation was set up in Camarzana Commune,
Oas Raion, with a yearly capacity of more than 10 carloads of prunes.(16)
A new meat canning factory started operation in Raznov Commune, Stalin
Regiune. The factory is equipped with machines no longer needed by other large
canneries. The meat for the cannery is supplied by the neighboring hog-fatten-
ing farms. The production of the cannery supplies only Stalin Regiune.(17)
II. BREAD, EDIBLE PASTES
The Painea (bread trust) enterprises throughout Rumania started production
of a new bakery product: a tasty white tread made of wheat ;erm. The bread
trust is able to supply the full requirements of the bread distribution centers.
The new loaf of bread is sold for 3.20 lei per kilogram, that is, 1.113 percent
cheaper than the regular French bread.(18)
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For example --Aeries are being constructed in workers- centers.
started operationwinaRunedoara Raion, HunedoaraaRetiune;oanotherpin Stalin s
Regiune produces 160 tons of bread in 24 hours. These two bakeries are com-
pletely mechanized and are the most modern in the bread industry. Each has a
large warehouse capable of stocking a 15-day supply. The two bakeries have
air-conditioned mixing halls and cooling tunnels for baked products, permit-
ting earlier distribution. Fifteen bakeries with a total capacity of about
400 tons per 24 hours were also constructed in Arad, Bicaz, Calan, Cugir,
Lupeni, Moinesti, and Timisoara during the first half of 1953.
The construction of new bread bakeries and the reconstruction of old ones
places great demands on the Rumanian machine industry. For example, the Tehno-
frig plant in Cluj produces dough mixers with a capacity of 1,800 kilograms
per hour. The Armature plant, Bucharest, produces large and small mixers.
Furthermore, steam ovens are now produced in Rumania. These improvements have
resulted in considerably increased bread production. From the beginning of
1952 to June 1953, bakeries were allotted 75 kneader _mixers, 400 mobile dough
fermentors, 40 steam ovens, and other machines. Sifting and kneading is now
done mechanically. good-burning ovens have been converted to oil. Many bread
bakeries are under construeion and scheduled to start operation before the
end of 1953.(19)
A new bread bakery, equipped with modern machinery recently started oper-
ation in Stalin. This Lakery has the first woman foreman in the city. The
mixers and kneaders were constructed by the Tehnofrig factory in Cluj. A
kneader processes 2,000 kilograms of dough per hour. The air-conditioned
baking hall is equipped with automatic scales. The dough is sliced into 1.5
kilogram pieces for large loaves. Socialist competition is encouraged and
some workers in the baking department have produced up to
bread each in an 8-hour shift.(20) 3,200 kilograms of
The Partizanul Bakery of Craiova recently improved the quality of its
products and increased production. The replacement of the old drying system
by new automatic installations in the edible paste department helped to prod-
uce macaroni of better quality. The quality of biscuits has also been im-
proved since a new press was installed.(ii)
The workers collective at the Victoria Factory, Sibiu Ration, Stalin Re-
giune, have worked hard to supply consumers with more and better bread varie-ties. Neapoli an chocolatetbars, mochafactNeapolitory is such as
cuits filled with cocoa, orange, lemon, and vanilla cream. The factorynis bee
ing increasin;ly mechanized, which helps produce more and better items.
As a result of the wide-scale application of Soviet methods, more then
one third of the workers at the factory are Stakhanovites and leading workers.
Some Stakhanovites hare exceeded their quotas by as much as 50 percent.(21)
Biscuits produced at the Munca Bakery of Constants are praised for their
quality. The Unirea Candy Factory of Constants was rebuilt and equipped with
modern machines. Production of confections has increased 600 percent in the
last 3 years. The factory is scheduled to expand even more in , with the
addition of a pastry and ice cream department. The past rydepa1rty5me4 at will
duce 8,000 pieces of pastry in an 8-hour shift.(19)
pro-
Sanatatea is an important bakery in Bucharest. It has produced 66 tons of
edible pastes in excess of plan and has reduced the price of its products by
4.57 percent in the last 2 months. Workers, wages have been raised 31.11 per-
cent; this increase is an incentive for the workers of the bakery to do a better
job. (6)
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Mixers and ovans of the 7 Noembrie food enterprise, Braila Radon, Galati
Regiune, have been working at full capacity. Workers in the biscuit, edible
paste, and other departments, have entered socialist competition. They work
according to the Soviet hourly graph method and have considerably exceeded the
plan. Other enterprises in Braila Radon have also increased their output.(22)
A new dairy and cheese plant started operation in Viseu Raion, Baia-Mare
Regiune, at the beginning of September. The factory, which is equipped with
Soviet machines, produces butter and various cheeses of superior quality.(23)
III. FOOD COOPERATIVES
At the ninth session of the Hunedoara Regiune People's Council on 27 Sep-
tember 1953, it was reported that the working Population of the regiune re-
ceived much larger quantities of consumer roods in the first 8 months of 1953.
Seventy-four state sales units were put in operation in Vales Jiului, Simeria,
Sebes, and Brad raions to better serve the working people. New markets were
opened in the towns of Deva, Hateg, Hunedoara, and Lonea, and a new bakery was
put in operation in the town of Hunedora.
The report stressed, however, that supply shortages still prevailed.
Places like Hunedoara, Valea-Jiului, and others did not have enough to feed
the workers, while thousands of kilograms of vegetables and fruit spoiled be-
cause of lack of transportation. The executive committee of the Hunedoara
Regiune People's Council and the units of the Aprozar Cooperative are indif-
ferent. The deputies severely criticized Gheorghe Pop, chairman of the re-
giune union of cooperatives, as well as Gheorghe Marmezan, director of the
Hunedoara Aprozar Cooperative, because their units disregarded contracts with
producers and did not pick up orders on time. Furthermore, the cooperatives
often accepted vegetables and fruit of poor quality.
Cooperatives were also criticized because they did not extend food dis-
tribution to mountain villages and did not supply firewood to working people,
enterprises, schools, and other institutions. Maria Iordache, another deputy,
criticized the delay in acting upon new recommendations and in carrying out
suggested improvements. The deputies further analyzed the progress of' the
agricultural fall campaign and expressed dissatisfaction at the slow pace of
work.
As a result of the criticisms and sugestions made by the deputies, the
Hunedoara People's Council unanimously adopted a decision to take a series of
measures to improve supplies for work in? people and to speed up agricultural
fall preparations.(3)
The Spicul Distribution Center, located on Bulevardul 6 Marcie, Bucharest,
distributes pastries and edible flour paste products made by such important
bakeries as Gheorghe Doja of Stalin, 9 Mai of Sibiu, Sanatatea of Bucharest,and
Munca of Constants. The number of customers of this store is increasingly daily,
as a result of the excellent quality and great variety of products.(6)
A new
Reglune. Themodern food
and Piatra-Neamt,
wellnstoredain started in
on clenshelves.
In the first 6 days of operation, the store sold 897 kilograms of cold cuts,
250 kilograms of biscuits, 700 kilograms of rice and edible pastes, 400 cans of
meat products, and 200 jars of canned vegetables worth 97,730 lei.(23)
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is a specialty store with Vlarge onumbers ofocustomers. CannedbfishlisBamongethe
specialties of the store. Customers have been disappointed to find that the
marinated fish, especially the turbot
very much in demand and was , is of poor quality. Marinated fish is
always a well-prepared food item. For some reason
this product is now very poorly prepared; it has many bones and the sauce has
a bad taste. Consumers have written in many complaints, and food inspectors
have checked and found the complaints Justified. It is recommended that the
quality of this p::oduct be improved, especially at the Constanta Cannery, which
is one of the major producers of this item.(24)
The Timisoara Sugar Refinery started production of sugar from the new har-
vest during the latter part of September. Within a few days, the refinery pro
duced 48 carloads of sugar. The method of Stakhanovite Gritzeako was applied washing and crushi ucing
Y percent. Productivity
0 in the plant was alsotincreased throughdthe additionbof1228 new extractors, the in
first machines of this type produced in Rumania.(25) The workers of one brigade
produced five carloads of sugar on 18 September. The packing department worked
with equal efficiency. Two women packers packed 16,000 kilograms of sugar in
large bags in b hours.(26)
The first carloads of sugar produced from the new sugar beet harvest came
from the Arad Sugar Refinery during the first week in September. Workers are
making every effort to increase production and labor productivity and to reduce
sugar prices. They submitted suggestions for a number of innovations and ra-
tionalizations intended to increase working efficiency. One worker
Talvali fnu Proposed
the use of a vibrator to separate the dry pulp from impurities. Chief Engineer
( ) proposed the manufacture and use of a mechanical loading instal-
lation. Other improvements were recommended to reduce sugar waste during manu-
facture.(27)
FISHERIES
The collective of fishermen and technicians at the Braila Fishery, Galati
Regiune, w')rked hard to fulfill the plan and completed 206 percent of quotas
for the month of August 1953. However, this enterprise has serious shortcomings
which prevented the fishermen from completin, their quotas during the first 8
months of the year. A. Petrov, director of the fishery trust; 0. Serafoleanu,
chief engineer; Arcadie Petras, engineer; and Gheorghe Ursulescu, director of
the Braila Fishery, were to blame for this situation because they did not or-
ganize labor and did nothing to improve living and working conditions for fish-
ermen.
The management of the trust and of the enterprise completely neglected the
organization of fishing with small equipmet. Because fishing was done only
with large nets, many sections were not able
to complete quotas. The manage-
mtnt claimed that the use of small equipment required more manpower. However,
when ishe
because
ered their bbecausetwothequafisherylified iittndidinoteneedfadditional help. T, ttru were refused
t
enterprise also neglected the production of new equipment. TIn ebruarnd153
the management accepted dell.ery of 42 large nets which were not according to
regulationTheir size was not Y 9'3'
re used fors. proper for the water level and they could not
be 4 . These nets were de igned by ngineer in
who disregardedothesval able recommendations of theEfishermen, Twootbrigaden,
leaders took the initiative and reduced the size of 13 of these nets, so that
they could be used. The management gave various false excuses for not being
able to fulfill the plan, such as bad weather, insufficient ice supplies, etc.
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Another bad aspect was the lack of comfortable working and living condi-
tions for fishermen. The construction of huts at the production centers of
Armanu, Muguroaia, and Serhanu was planned many months ago, but nothing has
been accomplished. By the end of September, the fishermen had not yet re-
ceived straw mats to make shelters for bad weather. The General Directorate
of Fisheries allotted the enterprise straw mats which had to be shipped from
Oradea, although reeds grow abundantly in the neighborhood of the fisheries.
Local reeds could easily be plaited into mats if the fisheries had a better
management. However, the lack of collaboration between the Fishery Trust
and the General Directorate of Fisheries of the Ministry of Meat, Fish, and
Milk Industries resulted in the neglect of local resources. The General
Directorate of Fisheries, the trust at Braila, and the party and regiune
agents should become aware of their duties and responsibilities and give at-
tention to improving the management of the Braila Fishery.(3)
The first Volga-type mechanized trawl was put into operation at the
Filipoiu Fisheries of the Braila Fisheries Enterprise, Galati Regiune, early
in September. The spreading of the trawl, which previously required the
work of ten fishermen for 2 hours, is now done by a motor in a launch run by
one man. The spreading time has been reduced to 10 minutes and the quantity
of fish caught in the trawl has increased from 50-80 kilograms to 500 kilc-
grams in 4 hours. The manpower released through the mechanization of the
trawl will be used in other parts of the fishery.(6)
Fishermen of the Tatanir Section of the Delta Fisheries, Tulcea Raion,
Galati Regiune, exceeded the August plan for fish deliveries by 2 percent,
and fishermen at the Mila 23, Sarinasuf, Mahumudia, Gorgova, and Matita
sections of the same fisheries exceeded the August plan by 4-16 percent.
The work of the fishermen was facilitated by better equipment and boats.
For example, the Delta Fisheries received 2,000 more herring nets, 30,000
more basket nets, 8,000 more large sea fish nets, 20 more large lake nets.
and 280 more fishing smacks in 1953 than in 1952. At the same time, the
fishermen received free clothes for bad weather, and rubber boots. Addi-
tional prefabricated huts have been set up in 1953, such as those at Tiga-
nus. A hut for 76 people will be opened in Dranov in the near future. Fish-
ermen have exceeded their quotas as a result of improved conditions. For
example, the brigade of fisherwomen at Mile 23 completed its schedule for
August in 23 days.(22)
SOURCES
1. Romania Libera, 20 Sep 53
2. Ibid., 10 Sep 53
3. Sconteia, 29 Sep 53
4. Ibid., 22 Sep 53
5. Ibid., 3 Sep 53
6. Romania Libera, 1 Sep 53
7. Ibid., 5 Sep 53
8. Ibid., 26 Sep 53
9. Ibid., 11 Sep 53
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10. Scanteia, 17 Sep 53
11. Romania Libera, 9 Sep 53
12. Scanteia, 4 Sep 53
13. Informatia Bucurestiului, 22 Sep 53
14. Ibid., 14 Sep 53
15. Munca, 25 Sep 53
16. Romania Libera, 2 Sep 53
17. Ibid., 22 Sep 53
18. Informatia Bucurestiului, 10 Sep 53
19. Romania Libera, 19 Sep 53
20. Scanteia, 27 Sep 53
21. Romania Libera, 3 Sep 53
22. Scanteia, 5 Sep 53
23. Romania Libera, 12 Sep 53
24. Ibid., 15 Sep 53
25. Ibid., 24 Sep 53
26. Munca, 22 Sep 53
27. Scanteia, 25 Sep 53
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