NINTH PLENUM SPEECH OF WLADYSLAW KRUCZEK ON AGRICULTURE IN BYDGOSZCZ WOJEWODZTWO, POLAND

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700180297-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 6, 2011
• Sequence Number: 297
• Publication Date: May 21, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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NINTH PLL21UM SPdiECH OF WLADYSLAf! KRUyiZEK
ON AGRICULTURE IN BYDGCSZCZ WOJLINODZTWO POLAND
Lowe Drogi
Warsaw, Oct 1953
The following report of Wladyslaw Kruczek, First Secretary
of the PZPR (Polish United Workers' Party) Bydgoszcz Wojewodztwo
Committee, was given at the Ninth Plenum of the Central Committee
of the PZPR, held in Warsaw on 29-3C October 1953.
The report was given at the plenum as a:: amplification of the
featured report of Premier Boleslaw Blerut, "Task of Party in Strug-
gle to Raise Standard of Living of Workers i n Current Phase of
Building Socialism." ;ui English-language translation. of Bierut's
report is available in the P,'p (Polish Press Agency) release of
L November 1953, Paces 1-1;4.i
J
We have done very little in Bydgoszcz Wojewodztwo to raise agricultural
productivity. Despite favorable ccniiticns. we have many backward farms and
neglected villages. Whole powiats, such as Rypin and Aleksandrow, have shown
almost no increase in per-?h?_ctare yields, in fodder production, and in live-
stock production in the last several year;. In die;;s,indrov Powiat the per-
hectare yield of rye and oats was the same in 1951 as in 1949 -- 14 quintals.
To show the latent possibilities for development, let us compare pro-
duction figures of villages and individual farms working under identical con-
ditions, yet achieving quite different production results.
Kowalewo Gmina, Wabrzezno Powiat, is an area of average yields. The vil-
lage of Plywaczewo in this gnina has been leading in compulsory deliveries
in contracting crops, and livestock production for tiic past Its neighbor, Sierakowo, has the same crop distribution and theesameytype of
soil. Plywaczewo has placed 141 hectares, ?5.1+ percent of the total culti-
vated area, under contract crops. The peasant: have lived up to their con-
tracts and contract plans have boon fulfills The fields have been properly
cultivated and scientific mea,;ures applie:i at the proper time. Plant and
livestock production has increased every year. Per-hectare yields have risen
to 18 quintals for wheat, 13 for rye, 24 for eats, 20 for barley, 180 for
potatoes, and 230 for beets. The mill: yield per cow averages 3,000 liters.
The peasants have delivered 350 bacon hogs above the plan. While Plywaczewo
is fulfilling its plans, it:; neighbor, Sierako?;o, shows much lower yields.
The difference between the two is that Sic:?agowo applies no scientific mea-
sures whatsoever.
By raising the poor and medium fa,?m; to the level of the leading indi-
vidual peasant farms, like those in Ply?acceee, we can increase production,
improve the welfare of the peasants, and fulfill our responsibilities to the
state. To achieve a marked improvement in the struggle for increased produc-
-1ty, our wojewdztwo party organizations must increase their efforts in din-
.~_rinating agricultural knowledge. As Com:?a.:c Bierut has said, there is lack
effort by party organizations to increase productivity. The party appara-
t.us of the wojewodztwo committees and the presidiums of the people's councils
;...ve shown only a superficial interest in the problem. They have disregarded
he fact that in certain powists, gainas, or villages, the per-hectare yields,
L,_ve fallen instead of risen. Only 50 percent of individual farms have com-
leted the post harvest plowing, and some producers cooperatives have not
done much better.
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Another difficulty is the fact that credits fur plowing were activated
until it was almost time for work to start in the fields. Row cultivation
has been entirely neglected and some villages have even neglected :raring har-
rowing of winter wheat. State farms, producers cooperca,.,:,, and individual
peasant farms have been equally la in proper fertilization of their farms.
They do not properly appreciate the value of compost: and proper manure stor-
age. Improper storage of only one third of the manure in the wojewodztwo
would result in the loss equivalent to the :mount of nitrogen contained in
1,000 cars of nitrate, or 56cur of 1)ct,._.edam s: its.
Another problem is the great number of unproductive farms and farms
which are not worked by their owners. For instance in Znin Powiat, there
are 167 neglected farms covering al;rost 11,COC hectares. There are from 8-9
head of livestock and 25 pigs for each 100 h?act:res, whereas the average
for the wojewodztwo is 32 head of livestock .:ni I; pigs. Because of the
small livestock inventory and improper fertilisation, cultivation has shifted
to spike grains, with a preponderance of rye, and cultivation of root crops
has been reduced. R?'ntei farms are only half 1.raluctive as other farms.
We could solve this problem by allottinj; te::e farms to the small farmer
and applying the same relief rceasure and to:: rate given to settlers, in the
west. Credits should be increasers ;and state supplies of materials for con-
struction and repairs or. individual fare.. should also be increased. Another
solution of this problem is the c ltivatior. of these land;. by groups, organ-
ization of ccmmon pastures, and iz:creused fouder? production.
There are many measures, especially an ownership title, which give the
peasant an incentive to utilize the invesasent possibilities not utilized up
to now.
Wt us Compared with 1949, to the problem of livestock production in our wojewodztwo.
9 9, the number of pigs have increased 5r percent, sheep 96
pe cent, and cattle 8 percent. We have noticed a lug in livestock production
on many farms recently. After careful study we have dcchied that one of the
main reasons for this; is inadequate fodder production, iuadeeuste distribu-
tion of high-protein legumes and fodder crelS (S(-,a gigantea, corn, and cab-
bage), and improver care of meadow:; and pastur?=s. The cultivation of fodder-
plant seeds has been neglected. ibery ye :r t;.erc has been a shortage of these
seeds on the state farms, producer:: cooperatives, and individual farms. The
farmers have crown only a slight interest in raising yearling cattle, and
there has been a marked drop in 1553 is cords-:,ed. with 1~5C.
To raise livestock production and assure. :a: ;acruate fodder supply, we
must organize fodder-seed I;roauction in atate f.:rms erri producers coopera-
tives so as to supply our own nec:is.
We can increase the in.er?ect ir: raising ca1.ve.: by offering various pre-
miums and providing adequate funds i'ur the farms and producers coopera-
tives.
In general, we,have good cadres oi' expel-to :nd practical farmers on the
wojewodztwo level. On the porriat level the cadres are unsatisfactory, but
in the gminas and villages the problem is really serious. We must give ;,his
problem more attention. If we work properly with the people we have, and
prepare new cadres at the same time, we shall undoubtedly fulfill the task
set before us by the ninth ple:.am.
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farm experts and non v-` y meetings in the villages; we must invite
farm farm tivit ply peasants; we must discuss the problem of inc
producy; and we must mobilize the whole village to do some actual work.
This work includes organization of meetings and discussions of shock-
workers-to exchange views and experiences. These experiences must be dis-
snatedthamong the the tpeasants. our party organizations must explain to the
peasants ruggle for increased yields is i
mportant to them person-
ally, since it means their welfare and their future,
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