ECONOMIC-INDUSTRY, AGRICULTURE, PLAN FULFILLMENT SOCIOLOGICAL - LABOR, PRODUCTIVITY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00809A000700210233-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 10, 2002
• Sequence Number: 233
• Publication Date: March 21, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION RESTRICTED
SECURITY INFORMATION
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY REPORT NO.
INFORMATION FROM
FOREIGN DOCUMENTS OR RADIO BROADCASTS CD NO,
25X1A
COUNTRY USSR; Satellites DATE OF
INFORMATION 1952
SUBJECT Economic - Industry, agriculture, plan
fulfillment
HOW Sociological - Labor, productivity DATE DIST. ;21 Mar 1953
PUBLISHED Bimonthly periodical
WHERE
PUBLISHED Prague NO. OF PAGES 9
DATE
PUBLISHED Apr 1952
LANGUAGE Czech SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
tNl3 0000NC.I CON to 1H3 INIOANAt10w All CO 1104 l.% NAl10N.I .111.S1
01 THE 0NITEO STATES. WITHIN Tot NCA,INO 01 TITLE It. SECTIONS 7S)
AND 101. 01 ENE Y.S. CODE. 1S ANC-00. ITC 100N1NII3I00 00 NES1.
LAT10N 01 ITS CON"EOtO TO 0A 000[111 S1 AN UNAUTNONIO00 POISON I1
PLAN FULFILLMENT IN USSR AND PEOPLE'S DEMOCRACIES, 1951
The year 1951 has marked a further step toward the fulfillment of the plans
for the development and expansion of the economies of the People's Democracies.
Successful fulfillment of the objectives established by the long-term economic
plan, further increased in Czechoslovakia and in Hungary during 1951, signifies
accelerated economic development.
Industry
The 1951 plans for industrial production in the USSR and in the People's
Democracies were fulfilled as follows:
Production Increase
Plan Fulfillment over 1950
(in (in
USSR 103.5 16.0
Czechoslovakia 99.7 14.9
Albania 105.9 47.1
Bulgaria 99.8 1-9.0
Hungary 103.4 30.1
GDR (German Demo-
cratic Republic) 105.2
Poland 100.8
Rumania 104.5
21-9
24.4
28.7
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The figures for Bulgaria do not include those for local industry.
Heavy industry shows the greatest development among individual industrial
sectors.
The achievements of the USSR were made possible by further extensive mech-
anization of production and by the introduction of new types of highly productive
machine tools. For example, the extent of mechanized work performed in the en-
terprises of the wood industry increased 1.7 times in cut";.ng and grading of
wood, 2.2 times in loading, and 1.2 times in the removal of wood. A total of
87 percent of all steel was produced in open-hearth furnaces equipped wits auto-
matic heat regulators. The generators at more than 90 percent of okres electric
power plants are automatically controlled.
The 1951 volume of Czechoslovak industrial production rose 22.9 percent in
heavy industry, 10.6 percent in light industry, and 5.7 percent in the food in-
dustry over 1950. In Hungary, the i..crease was 37.7 percent in heavy industry,
26.9 percent in light industry, and 16.5 percent in the food industry, while in
Poland heavy and medium industry fulfilled the 1951 plan 101.6 percent, and the
volume of production of heavy and medium industry rose 21.2 percent over 1950,
and reached 270 percent of the 1938 production level.
In Bulgaria, gross industrial production rose 21.0 percent in heavy industry,
10.9 percent in light industry, and 23.8 percent in the food industry.
In Rumania, the quality and variety of products was notably improved.
In the GDR, 1951 industrial production in nationalized industry rose 24.4
percent and that of private enterprises 12.4 percent over the 1950 level. In
the northeast administrative region of the People's Republic of China, the 1951
production plan was fulfilled as follows in various industrial branches: pig
iron, 126.0 percent; electric motors, 181.9; electric power lines, 141.9; elec-
tric light bulbs, 132.2; bicycles, 155.6; cotton yarn, 122.4; rubber footwear,
137.0; cement, 123.2; caustic soda, 129.5; and gasoline, 127.4 percent.
For the overwhelming majority of specific goals, the 1951 plan was not only
fulfilled, it was exceeded. In certain cases in which the plan was not fulfilled,
this was due to the unsatisfactory organization of work, neglect of technical
progress, shortage of manpower, and the large labor turnover. These shortcomings
all result from rapid growth but they are being increasingly eliminated.
In certain products, the output in 1951 was considerably greater than in
1950, as the following table shows:
ILLEGI
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Percentage of Increase in Production During 1951 Over 1950
Czecho-
USSR
slovakia
Bulgari
Black coal
a
Hungary
GDR
Poland
Rumania
14.2
5
Brown coal
14.8
9
Iron ore
10
21.9
14
20
9
Petroleum
8
.
23.1
Electric power
--
27.4
9.7
18
17.0
Pig iron
5
73.6
1.3
6
Raw steel
10
11
15.7
Rolled products
40
4
H
.
13
14.3
Cotton fabrics
13.5 16.1
23.6
7
17.7
Woolen fabrics
-'
-- 16.6
59.3
9
22
6
Silk fabrics
34
-
-- 32.4
15
.
9.0
Leather footwear
17
-
15.6 27,5
36.8
41
19.3
:ement
19
--
5.9 10.2
17.4
7
11.6
:3utter
6
7
123.8 --
38.2
43
62.2
Sugar
--
114.6 41.4
22.1
Vegetable oils
15
42.0 --
29.8
X
LO
N
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D
Under Rumania, "vegetable oils" means synthetic edible fats.
Soviet production of large water turbines increased 145 percent, the mining
of lead and zinc ores in Czechoslovakia 184 percent, and the production of chutes
for transportation in mines 180 percent; the output of tractor cultivators in
Bulgaria 156.1 percent, of threshers 152 percent; the production of locomotives
in Hungary 122 percent, the production of freight vehicles in the GDR 305 percent;
the output of trucks in Poland 228 percent, and production of penicillin 166 per-
cent; and in Rumania the production of lathes rose 149.7 percent and of threshers
292.2 percent.
Increase in Labor Productivity
By the utilization of all available technical and organizational means,
the productivity of'labor rose enormously over 1950. In the USSR, this rise
equalled 10 percent; in Czechoslovakia, 9.7 percent; in Bulgaria, 13.7 percent;
in Hungary, 14.3; in the GDR, 12.8; in Poland, 14; and in Rumania, 10 percent.
The following table shows the 1951 rise in the productivity of labor in in-
dividual branches of industry, relative to 1950:
ILLEGIB
Labor Productivity Increase in Percent
Branch of Industry
USSR
Hun ar
Rumania*
Machine building
14
14
26.0
Ferrous metallurgy
9
14.5
12.3
Nonferrous metallurgy
14.5
12.3
Coal
4.6
--
Oil
17.2
Chemicals
8.4
Textiles
5.9
Clothing
25.2
Construction
15.7
The third quarter
the equivalent period of 1950
Agriculture
In the soviet Union, the area soon to all types of plants increased 6.7
million hectares in 1951, compared to 1950. In Czechoslovakia, socialized land
cultivated by all agricultural installations rose to 30.6 percent of all agri-
cultural land and to 29.7 percent of all arable land. In Poland, the area of
socialized agriculture reached approximately 15 percent of all useful agricul-
tural land and the value of agricultural production in the socialist Hector rose
51 percent in comparison with 1950, while the value of production of the state
farms rose 26 percent, as measured by fixed prices 5i. In Hungary, only 6.1
percent of arable land was anniged by the etate farms and only 7 reropnt.hy agri-
cultural cooperatives at the end of 1950. By the end of 1951, the share of arable
land cultivated by state experimental and school farm' and by agricultural co-
operatives had reached 25 percent of all the arable land in the country. In
Rumanian agriculture, the socialist sector was similarly expanded and strengthened,
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the methods of progressive agronomy were introduced on a broader scale, and the
area of land cultivated in 1951 was increased by 130,000 hectares. In Bulgaria,
the growth of the cooperatives resulted in an increase of 1.2 million decares of
land cultivated by the cooperatives.
The number of JZD (Unified Agricultural Cooperatives) in Czechoslovakia in-
creased 1,011 in 1951 to a total of 6,250. In Poland, 855 new agricultural co-
operatives were established and 22,300 farms were incorporated into them. In
Hungary, the amount of arable land cultivated by agricultural cooperatives in
1951 was almost 120 percent larger than at the end of 1950 and the number of
members of the cooperatives and members of their families increased by about
250 percent. In Bulgaria, the number of agricultural cooperatives' rose from
2,501 at the end of 1950 to 2,740 as of 1 December 1951, and the number of farms
incorporated into them increased 16.2 percent.
Great care was devoted to the mechanization of agriculture. In 1951, Soviet
agriculture receLved 137,000 tractors (calculated as 15 horsepower tractors),
53,000 F_-rain combines including 29,000 of the self-propelled type, 59,000 trucks,
and 2 million units of tools and other agricultural machines. In Czechoslovakia,
the number of tractors was increased 23 percent, particularly by the delivery of
new caterpillar-type tractors. The number of combines increased by 122; there
were 3,770 more binders, and 5,000 more threshers.
In. Bulgaria, the number of MTS increased from 95 in 1950 to 115 in 1951.. In
1951, these stations receLved 1,230 new tractors, 1,420 tractor plows, almost
1,000 tractor sowers Ldrill7, and numerous other tools. In Hungary, domestically
produced combines were already in use and deliveries of other agricultural ma-
chines were also increased. The MPS had approximately 9,700 tractors and trailers,
8,700 tractor-drawn plows and 5,100 tractor-drawn disking machines by the end of
1951, representing a 30 to 50 percent increase in the number of machines during
one year. In Poland, the numoer of tractor stations reached 260 by the end of
1951 which means a growth of 70 percent over 1950. As of 31 December 1951, there
were 9,325 tractors on hand, expressed in recalculated units, which is 86 per-
cent more than in 1950. In Rumania, 50 new MPS were established. The new sta-
tions and those already in existence were equipped with a large number of trac-
tors, tractor-drawn plows, cultivators, binders, and other agricultural machines.
In the GDR, the number of tractors increased 42 percent, tractor plows 74.2
percent, cultivators 18.6 percent, tractor-drawn sowers I
L.ddri11] 114.5 percent;
the number of tractor operators also increased by 50 percent in 1951.
In spite of the great drought, the over-all harvest of the principal crops
in Rumania and on the state farms in Poland increased, as is shown in the fol-
lowing table, in percent. The year 1950 iz taken as 100 percent.
Poland,
Rumanian Harvest on
Total harvest State r'arms
Wheat 158.7
Rye --
Fiber plants --
Rape --
Sugar beets 226.0
Potatoes --
Cotton 24-.3
Corn 129.7
Sunflower seeds 132.4
125
134
197
104
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In the USSR, 121 million more tons of grain were harvested in 1951 than in
the previous year and the sugar-beet harvest was larger by 27 million tons.
In Bulgaria, plant production in 1951 exceeded the plan for 1953 by the
following amounts: barley, 4 percent; industrial crops, 16.7 percent; vegetables
and potatoes, 56.3 percent.
The per hectare yields in Hungary, in comparison with the 10-year prewar
average, on the state farms in Rumania, and in the Bulgarian agricultural co-
operatives, has increased over 1950 as follows (in percent):
Wheat
Rye
Barley
Sugar beets
Corn
Potatoes
Cotton
Sunflower
Tobacco
Hungary Rumania Bulgaria
(10-year prewar (1950 = 100) (1950 = 100)
average : 100)
121.5
119.2
115.4
130.6
147.1
The advantages of the socialist sector of the economy are shown by the fact
that the average harvests on state farms and agricultural cooperatives in all
the People's Democracies are considerably higher than those of the independent
farmers. For example, in the GDR, 1951 per hectare yields on nationalized farms
compared to independent farms were 11.6 percent higher for grains and legum::s,
27 percent higher for oleaginous eed?, excepting flax seed and hemp seed, snd an
average of 11.7 percent nrgher for hay.
The number of agricultural animals in all of the countries of the People's
Democracies was higher in 1951 than in 1950, particularly on state farms and
agricultural cooperatives. The increased number of livestock in the ?cciali::t
se-.tor, in 1951 as against 1950, is shown by the following table:
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Percent of Increase in 1951, Over 1950
Country Installation Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep
USSR Sovkhozes 14 15 21 11*
Kolkhozes 8 12 26 8*
Czechcslovakia State farms -- 13.3 17.6 --
Bulgaria Agricultural
cooperatives -- 19.8 130.0 19.3
Poland State farms -- 22 15 50.5
Rumania State farms 15.5 6.7 18.1 7.6
* Includes goats
Ih Hungary, the number of animals on state farms increased 21.5 percent as
expressed in livestock units 5is.
In the GDR, the total number of beef cattle increased 5.4 percent in 1951
over the 1950 level, including an 11.8 percent rise in the number of cows; pigs
increased 24.3 percent, including a 59.8 percent increase in the number of saws;
and sheep 14.2 percent.
By the end of 1951, the number of workers in the USSR had increased by
1,600,000 to a total of 40.8 million. This increase is divided among the in-
dividual sectors of the economy as follows: 1,250,000 persons entered work in
industry, agriculture, forestry, construction, and transportation;' almost 250,000
persons entered teaching, scientific research, and therapeutic institutes; more
than 100,000 persons entered commerce and the communal economy.
In Czechoslovakia, as of the end of 1951, there was almost 4 percent more
persons employed in industry than at the end of 1950. Of the total number of
persons employed, women formed 31.8 percent in 1950 and 32.7 percent in 1951.
The number of apprentices in industry rose 16.2 percent over the level of the
first quarter of 1951.
In Albania, the number of workers in the basic branches of the economy rose
by 12.7 percent during 1951.
In 1951, the number of workers and employees in Bulgaria enBagec'. in industry,
transportation, communications, and commerce rose in comparison with 1950 by a
total of 23,053 persons, of which 16,168 persons were in industry.
The average number of persons working in factories and in the construction
industry in Hungary rose by 109,000 persons in 1951 as against 1950, while the
number of employed women rose by 78,500.
In the GDR, the number of employees rose substantially, particularly the
number of employed women, which now totals 30.1 percent of :.ll cmplcy2ez .
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The_ number of employees in the socialist sector of the Polish economy, ex-
cluding_. agriculture, rose by 12 percent in 1951 over 1950. The number of em-
ployees in socialist industry totaled about 2,200,000 persons. Every third person
working in industry is a woman.
The following table presents a survey of the principal indexes of economic
development of the USSR and the People's Democracies in 1951.
fee table on following page.]
ILLEGIB
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A Survey of the Principal Indexes of Economic Development of the USSR and the People's Democracies in 1951
Percentage Increase in 1951 Over 1950
Index
USSR
Czecho-
slovakia
Bulgaria
Hungary
GDR
Poland
Rumania
National income
12
10
--
23
--
12
10
Industry, total
16
14.9
19.0
30.1
21.9
24.4
28.7
Heavy
--
22.9
21.0
37.7
--
21.2*
__
Light
-
1o.6
10.9
26.9
--
--
--
--
5.7
23.8
16.5
--
--
--
Industrial labor
productivity
10
9.7
13.7
14.3
12.8
14*
10
Investments
12
--
40:6
44.8
40.7
38
30.5
Railroad freight
transport
12
14.9
--
19.4
18.9
10
Railroad passenger
transport
18.6
--
30.1.
5.4
17
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