ELECTRONICS ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00810A001300320001-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 48
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 10, 2010
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: July 9, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
SECRET
SECURITY INFORMAT;ON
COUNTRY USSR
Electronics Activity and Development
in the USSR
This Document contains information affecting the Na-
tional Defense of the United States, within the mean-
ing of Title 18, Sections 793 and 794, of the U.8_ Code, as
amended. Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited
by law. The reproduction of this form Is pro25X1
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT
REFERENCES
THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
9 July 1953
45
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VACUI TUBE DEVELO 9~UC`sION I~ TER USSR
9. The USSR's vacuum tube research and production was
administered by the 0.r ?ef Mliectorats
Technique., which in turn was under the Minister for
vacuum technique, television, components, radar,
guided missiles, broadcast radio equipments strom-
teahnique (motors, generators and large power trans-
formers) and transmitters/receiverso
MINIS E
vacuum
Technique
(luide~
~IiSSIILS
CO VO pen e46
S~ro m-
Techni1rt.e
I~roadcas4
10. The 'chief D rectos ? for Vacuum Technique was
headed by Ing. KATSMdN until 1948 at which time
he was sent to Novosibirsk as technical director
of the vacuum tube plant located there. S&TSM"
was replaced by 13LISAROV, who had worked very
closely with the man in charge of the defense of
Leningrad during World War II. (The defender of
Leningrad died in 1949.) When ELISAROV took
charge of vacuum technique many of the engineers
at NII 160 were afraid of losing their jobs. In
Rhode.
faet1 ASTRIN was removed as chief of the .
Ray Tube Department and was replaced by SAUTAS
ZUZMOOVSKIY . was replaced as scientific direct or
of NII 160 by a Soviet named DEVVT1OTe
ASTRIN and Z'tTTZMANOVSLI .' had worked and had trouble
with VE1ISRRCT. when they were all together in
Leningrad during the war. T'ELISi9ROV remained
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chief of vacuum technique until 1950, at which time-.
he was replaced by a young engineer who had been
in charge of NII 160's cathode ray tube department.
This young engineer remained chief until the first,
part of 1952, at which time-SOROKIN, formerly'hof ^na+
ue was determined by technical ability and.
hni
t
q
ec
military influence. In 1948 the party took strong
control and maintained it until 1950,when once
again technical ability played an important part
in determining who would be leader of the vacuum
technique.
vacuum tube plants
ere
were eight as of 1952. This bee11e is eased.
upon a statement made by-. chief engineer SOBCCIR
when he left for the vacuum technique in February
1952, At this time he stated that he would then
be in charge of eight vacuum tube plants rather than
one. It is quite possible that all eight are not
4-n ?re 'neticn at the present time
following is a chart of vacuum a prod.
and research factories assigned to the vacuum tech-
nique
VacutAm Tuh e
ProdvC+;0-n
NII 1(00
L-t-WT34RP4D
NOVO 1
i. s KENT
Vac6t"M ii4be
Res ear6-
160
M NIT
1Et It 61~AD
"'l NOV05I6112SK 4
* n 5b+ Y b be cow+pi e+ add
12. N 1160 a at
..ryraz no in 1946,' there were approg a-ce.Ly' 300
Soviets employed at NII 160,of which 80 to 90 were
engineers. These engineers were chiefly concerned
with the development of radio-receiver type vacuum
tubes and vacuum tube measuring instruments. The
remaining 210 people were concerned with the actual
roduc tubes such as 6L6, 6H5,, and
LG7 . only 5000 to 10,000 vacuum
tubes were being.produced monthly at NII 160 in
the latter part of 1946, The production facilities
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Vac"uwN
I ecln vti i 4" e
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~a r~ _ - - - - s
at least 40 to60 per cent rejects were experienced
on all tubes produced. L 90 per cent rejection
rate was being experienced on 6iX5 tubes in 1951.
This rejection rate had several causeej
the principal one being bad cathodes.
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13?
at NII 160 varied e.onsiderably, depending upon
at NII 160 were steadily increased until approx-
imately 500,000 tubes per month were being pro-
duced in 1952. The reject rate of vacuum tubes
NII 160 was responsible for the
development of all Soviet magnetrons Rid klystrane
ether plants, Soviet engineers told on various
occasions that NII 160. was; the USSR's main vacuum
tube development plant. This statement was some-
what substantiated by the fact that newly graduated
Soviet engineers desired to be assigned to NII 160.
The importance of NII 160 was also reflected in the
fact that it was planned that the number of NII 160
workers be doubled within the next two years,
This planned expansion was in addition to the 1949
-r 1952 expansion, which was to offset the return of
the Germans,
other type vacuum tubes developea
at All 1 0 were produced at NII 160 as well as
14. LENINGRAD:
as
one engineer, present as assigned
to Leningrad from NII 160.
name was RSHZ~B and that he returned to Germany
in 1950. Horst GERI4CH, a German engineer, spent
two weeks at the Leningrad tube plant in either
1947.or 1948. `1.1949 the tube plant in Leningrad
sent approximately 100x 723 a/b type klystrons to
All 160 every month. These tubes were sent to
NII 160 so the could be tested prior to being
delivered, these 100 per month
constituted the entire output of klystrons at
Leningrad. After 1949 NII 160 continued to .receive
approximately 50 to 60 klystrons per month for testing;
however, they were not the entire output of Lenin-
grad, since NII 160 had sent klystron testing. equip-
ment in 949. This indicates that the plant in
Leningrad started testing some of itg own klystrons
two German engineers
i ed to or visited this factory.
in 1949?
The klystrons that were sent to NII 160
were, of good quality.
As for tube development at Leningra
1
5=.
some developmental work might pose y ace
been done on klystrons, but the developmental
facilities there were not so large as those at
either NII 160 or Novosibirsk.
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16. N?VOSIBIRSK: At Novosibirsk all of the general
Types oTvacuum tubes were manufactured during
.World War II. Z*,'M OV?8Y,''T; told 0 that most of
the Sovietengineers at 'Nil 160 were sent to
Novosibirsk agprox atel ' six months after Lenin-
grad was attacked,,, the Novosibirsk
plant was approximately equ to II 160 insofar
as'production was concerned, and was trying to
equal Nil 160 in tube development. This opinion
Karl RICHTER was
t D
rm
is based on the fact tha
sent to Novosibirsk for five weeks in November
there',were approximately 3,000 employees at
Novosibirsk arithey were developing and
manufacturing metal ceramic tubes as well as
general types such as 6AC7 and 6AG7.
RICHTER was sent to Novosibirsk to straighten
facture of metal ceramic tubes ID 9j? LD 10,- LD 11
and LD 12
No vo sihirsk was the only
Soviet factory which ifac turecl metal ceramic
tubes, and some of these tubes were used in the
micro',< sets made at Nil 1SO.o The metal
ceramic tubes made at Novosibirsk were of better
quality than those made in Germany, but there
were many rejects when Dr. RICHTER was there.
there was a great expansion at Novosibirsk
in 1952, and estimate that a rc~ximately 440
were employed thern