RESEARCH PROJECTS AT GESELLSCHAFT FUER ELEKTRISCHE MASCHINEN U. APPARATE (GEMA)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00810A001500450008-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 3, 2010
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: July 14, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
COUNTRY Last CN1T711aTIy
_.
.~, iva-.
' ' 'le IYlPnn-
~~, , ~ to contents
prohir_ itAc
., .rrt.73#~ -ted.
This Document oonttiine information aiteotinQ the lfa.
tioasl Defense of the UnitsQ States, within themean-
iaa of Title 18, eeotione 703 and 794, of the U.B. Odds, ss
amended. Its traaemiesioa or revelation of its ooatents
to~ or ret:eipt by an unauthorised persoa is prohibit
by law. The reproduction of this form is proh(bited.
Research Protects at Gesellachaft fuer DATE DISTR.
Llektrische Maschinen u, Apparate {GEMA)
NO. OF PAGES
PLACE ACQUIRED
~~~
8ECURITY INFORMATION
REFERENCES
This is UNEVALUATED Information
THE SOt/RCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ,~ DEFINITIVE. ag
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTAfIVf.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
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STATE ARMY NAVY AIR F81 AEC
(NoNs M/arshington Dhtribution Indicated by "X' ;_.,_Ftsld Diitributioe 4y "~'",)
].'4.. ' 1953
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3,EGRRT
~;~~~:.
`Alth u h research prr~ jects t~riginated with the ~onm. ~x
o
e ma
tatilization of the vast store of German, ro~
suddenly made 'available to them by the war s endp They
a d this material
g
;the actual planning; was left er_t~.rely t? the discretion
Qf German technical personnel. plea submitted by them
and funds, -apparently of unlimited
readil appro~red
e
,
y
wer
quantity, were made available imznediatelya 1'~c~st of the
equipmerit_ necessary fQr their activities ws.s selected
from Peenenende by Da special i~aviet group, headed
by ~OK(3ZOV, axn ~rtillary General4,
~,
J
Qf primary interest to the soviets at this time was the
t teriale
k
were faced with the question:. Hew goo zs
anal hv~v long wi11 it remain usable?" also Qf interest
was the use of ~-stoff' (8Q~ Hydrogen Peroxide).and its
applications, nQt only to rockets, but to submarines, and
submarine torpedoes, the further development +~~ Germany's
hypergolic fuels, and storage of these-material.s..until
demands for their use occurred.
4'? Fuels and oxidizers investigated at GE;N~1, were from old.
German. stoclts; therefore, much of the information con-
tained in this re ort is histor a
~_~_, OFF DECO~'os~~~I4~a
eatalys~
criterion of performance,
standards
ff decomposition.
e d Ow3. g
-One we i,ght ~~uni:t.~ of catalyst should decompose 100
weigk~t units of T~sto~f. (fine ki3ogram of the German,
~'-~ catalyst., potassium permanganate, had been
capable of decomposing only 13 kilograms of T-Stoff)e
be. Rate of reaction should remain constant throughout
the decomposition.
:i~Q13,F'r
t~,P develonme~tt of a T~-Bto
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~1*?C'
~.~...
e. Weighii loss off' 1 unit of c~ ~a:~., st sk~ou ~ ~??~t e~ ;red
i after decamposin~ 100 unite of ~-Stofi'.
d. Volume and quality oi' steam actually produced should
not vary from the thEOretical by more than 1d;~.
6. de a means ?~ studying the capabilities a1' the v~;rious
catalysis.devised, a tact apparatus was designed Qfe~r
the Commission and built at A~RA~'IA in B'erlin--1'rlt~w.
ee Enclosure (A)~. It was a simple reaction chamber
fitted with a sieve-like, removable sleeve, catalyst
holder. Hand operated valves were used to control ~a.e
flow of fluid.
Twenty grams of the material were prepared and placed in
the reavtimn chamber and two hundred grams of.T-toff
were charged to the tank ar~.d pressurized to.. _~C"-atmospheres.
k regulator maintained this p~ressu.re throughout the test.
Weight lase of the catalyst during deenmposition of the
First 20C grams of ~-stuff was limited to 5~. If lees
then this,- and considering that +he requirements of steam
v?ltxme, reaction :date, ate p, had been sate sfact4rily,
fulfilled, a second teat using 50 gms catalyst and 5 k~
per?gide was cc~ndueted. In this second test, the weight
loss was limited to 10~. this requirement
of e$treme importance because of the atL-rition and
cloggi.n.g tl~.at had sometimes occured in tur~ace blades of
the V--2 when mare easily eroded catalyst's, were used,
8. The fpllowing measurements were made during the testes
a. Pressure in reaction chamber
b. Tempest?are in reaction chamber
c. Volume of steam produced'
d. Time required ~ar'T-eto~i' tank tv empty
9?
PREPARATI4p'. C3F , p~pf7~P4STICl~ CATALYST:
1d. ~~ approximately 60 compounds yr combinations of
compounds to ",~vestigate as potential T-toff decomposiT
tion catalyst:~~o The two forms which gave the optimum
res~.lts were (a) pellets made with manganese-dioxide
(B~nC~) lead oxide (Pb?~), and bound with cement,
and b~ a lead oxide film deposited on con ca holders.
11. In the pellet catalyst, trial anal error experimentation
indicated that a somewhat spherical, irregular form with
a volume of approximately 1 cubzc centimeter was the
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o_ptnum aize. x.42, PbC~2, and com~aon :~eme.ct were
mixed with about 5~ water lass and the particles fc ~:;_~~4
by hand, then dried at 14? C for 24 hours.- The mixture
was approximately 1 part cement and up to ;6 or 7 parte
of the-other two materials, with. the ercenta a of ~.4~
.being a little greater.
12. This catal~-st worked well at the reaction ohamber tempera-~
? tares (3?~0 C) but wa.s r.ot satisi'actory for decomposing
a cold solution. To averco~e this di~'ficulty and in
order to bring the reaction up to a maximum as quickly
ass possible, the pellets were coated with a cold eoncen
Crated water solution of barium permanganate a {1~[n.0~.)2'?~?
for one-half hour, then dried at room tempera~re~
3'hr,agh the, quick reaction that occurred once the T= St aft
caim~''`into contact with the Ba{1'~"n.44)2, the temperature 4f
the chamber was raised and the normal reaction between
the catalyst and the x~eroxide proceeded rapidly. The
barium compound wa~3 used instead o~ potassium or sodium
because of the re idity with which either potassium or
sodium hydroxide (products of the reaction with T-Stoff)
attacks aluminum.
13. In the for~mulatiot~. of the aecon.d type ca-~alystP Fb0 was
anodically deposited by a low volt~.ge eleetrolytica~ .
process upon the r~urfaces of small.trunoated iron cones.
~ee Enclosure (B)~ ,ti In order to build up a hard
erosion resistant i'i, the material was deposited ~'r?m
a solution: made by saturating water with. lead chloride
{PbC12), they diluting it with 34 - 4 acetone.
14+ The eox~.es need with this metYiod were tr~:.neated near the
top and placed over a porous sleeve. T-~tof~' entered .:
Pram nozzles between the cones.~Advantages of this type
of equipment were its compactness and small weight.
This apparatus was designed to fit inside the react~.on
chamber.. ~ee Enclosure (9.),]'
15.
the sx~ecific qualities and quantities
of steam roduced with thea.e two catalye~~ -
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~ave theoptimum afnounts and ful~'i11ed
mare rigidly the standards for a i'--~to~f ~
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dec?mpositian catalyst,
A1~TIF~.EZE PE4TECTT01~ F4I~ T--STAFF
`;~
same volume and .quality as untreated.peroxide' 1'h?
vapmrs generated~howe~,rer, did n?t have t.? be of the sam?
76. One oaf` the few explicit instructi~$ i'rom the
Soviets) way o de~op low temperature anti-
~ree2e protection. for T-~~toff. The material,-through ~,
ch~mieal~additions, has to remain in liquid form from
54 down. to minus 40 C and was to develop a steam of the
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..m.~?~
17,
?w'e ~ud ~
.. i'?7r
a ca~alyst ~ capable of decomposing this ~tatci'.ial f' ~~r:~
-~~4 was r?ceived...~furk was x~.ever begun an. t~a.e develc~
saeri.t ~ of this material,
1~iY,~.T,YSIS Op T{J ~4~x
..~.
i8? The, only other explicit aseignmer.t was to
de~eZop a Buick m~thed of analysis for Tonka 25~,, ' ~
duel whale compoaitioxa. is 5a~ "~z?imetbylamine and 5A9~
mete ~ lid~.ne., The anal sis method was deviled
by Professor ~UEB~I~'G,
It consisted of a simple fraction--
ating procedure to separate the ~~o campou,nds,? This
was easily sane because of a 90a ~ difference in their
boilixtg points, . atad d.et~rmir.atiom of tl~e impuriti?s i~t
the me'~a~xylidine by measurin. its cr stallizatior~.
temperatux?e in acetic acid
HY,~E~GOI,IC FUEL~,,S" ~,
1,~
Tn order to develop specifications for the fox~mulati?n
sf hypergolic fuelag it wa+a first neceseary0 to
de~iee a means of measuring the ignition lag of such
fuels, i.e.~ the time interval frox~ initial contact
off'
the oxidizer with the .fuel until
rate vnas aehie4ed~
a maximum burning
20,,
All experiments- to measure this
ignition.-lag at
were done at room tem erature?
.~ e
rld far IZ German- requireme~xt was that, fuels ra3 ould
be h~rpergalic with nitric acid fx?om ---4~?.~ I
design. an.el prints fs~r the coixstrua--
an. were comp e e a~t t~~-~~.s~;~: 'gut then removed to
~oscow? f
Retails of this 1'a~~ter avbaratus are shawh. ~~ee
Ehclc-eure (~)_f
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~'~. ~peratir.g pr:~nciples of the instrum.ex~t ~~Lr.~ as ~'~:` ~ ^~?
:Fuel was placed .n the lower cyli~.der and allowed 'co
pass thrpu.g~~ the connecting tube until a few drmpe
overflowed iz~.ta a beaker placed under the s~raiM. The
recording mechanism. and ~eleniun pho~toel~zctric ?cell
were turned on. .~l drop of the vxidiz~er~ Syd ft~m.in:g
nitric acid, rues allowed tv fa~.~. into the filled fuel
pan, thereby bs?eaking the light ~e~m w~zich waa focused
across it and oau.sing a deflection on the recording
device, Flame ar~.a:i?Mg fr m the fuel again interrupted.
the beam, causing first tsmall, tb.en a ma;e3.mttm deflect-
tion~ The interval, as measured from the fregueney
of a timiaa.g cycle also ,printed upon the redorder, ~ was
the fuel?~ fi.gn.ition 1ag~ ~, ~~:~~;~~s~~:;~~~;t?.~1,~. *~~ of results
we,s within. ,~ ~~005 seao~.d.
22.
Mi~turee Q;f ~'isol 1~ with the following,
xypergolic fuel~a investigated at aEl~ -are listed belovr.
In each case, the oxidizer with which the fuel was
hyp?rgo~,ic waa 98g& :t*um3ng nitric acid, ~.d,
~+t investigate aniline or hydrazine fue st
~. Triethylamix~e, alone
'~. 7E!~iri'urol, alone
ee 1~inyl-~n~-butylether, along, ~~erman designations,
V~.aa:l: 1~.)
da Tonka 2~Q (59-5Q a.olution Triethylamine meta
.r-~, ., ~~ __ - ~
(1, ,) Y,ylal, To~.~aol, atxd Optol 10 ~ c;ompound of
pyrivticatechal) .
2 Furfur~a'1
~ %yla'1
4 hex- ~~~ :~~. ;~
23. there waa no ~blazaket specificatia~n established for ~
general`ehypergole" Mach fuel. was l~~ited by its own
phys~.cal rharacteriaties~ However a requirement was
set fc~r each oxie as to its vapor pressure at 50 ~C, its
color, spe~3ific ~rav?ty, freezing point, and viscosity
at a standard tempcxaturc~ 1~'o minimum was established
for heating values because a calox?~eter was not a~a~.l-
able to the laboratory. ~e.ats. ?to determine stox+age
requirsments and practices were begun, but only '
trieth famine vas i .veeti ated
Whey were~'.to have established what impurities
developed durS.ng storage, h?w much water could be
sa~'ely ab~s~rbed, dhemieal ,and physicalchange axa.d/pr
dot?riaraticn and~what effect these ch es would have
heal on the fuel 9 s hypergo~.ic abilityA ~he lack of
blanket requirem,ex~.ta v~aa contrary to the German iPvrld
.. War- ~I standards which dexaanc~ed~ that i~' a fuel was
hypergcalie with nitric acid, it musts, __
~}ave a, ~`reezin.g .poixLt below ~-4a?~ ~ ar~d a viscosity
a;t that temperature o f lees than 1 Q , eexttipo;ises
be hypergQlic at --4th ~. ignition lag
instrument was first des gne o opegate at room
'-
temperature,
then- later. only ~~a ---20 ~,
meet specil'ie hes.ting~ valve, requirements,,,
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~4 Nitric acid storage, which Yras to -have ~~ w>-~. n~~etigated
was revente.d
corrosiexj. i~h~.biters Sucre nearer ix~orporated ia~ the
acid _eithe.~ in k nor in the ~SSR?
~I~'T ~ODQ~'ENSAT~~2.~
The Soviets presented an old AEG ~QIIER~pP~''` oomputer
to the.researeh group anal asked that it be studied as
tv ita adaptability for use as a drift carrect~o~.
,mechanism in. znias~,les, Dipl, ~ng4 .9lalter -BOOS a high
fregaency specialist, was-given the problem. ~he
iizstrzuaax~t itself -was anusable ae it vas, , becaue.e cif
its i.aab~,~.ity to ~r~nation at aecelex~atioxa.e greater tha`m,.
'1 go s? drawi~igs and ear7.culat.ione to ~iermit its ?red~aig~a.
were submitted. ~ftee~hati.ism was basically a rate. type
compu~or with contacts which were shifted i.~t pro ?rtioa.
~p the number 4~ '~ ae~ it was sub acted. to.
ee..Enclosure D
THRIIS T .REGU~~-T OR ~
26? In order to determine the area into which a ballistic.
i
s
m
s
ile w~.ll fall.., it is necessary to lcnciw exactly what
its? ~thrust~-will be duri~,g every portion taf the Might.
'?kw~ .LL. _. ________ _ __ _ i ~ ~. _
a regulating device to keep the t rust constant daring
the entire length of burni,a.gA ,,,~ele Ex~.closure (S~} .
The a paratus consisted c~ a clvekwvrk-drivel ballistic
cam ~~uryrexakarper}, which -had the chaps o~ an arehimed~an
~?~iraY but wa,s three dimen~onal, rather -than lying i~
a single plane The surface of this cram was followed
b,,y a rider, which- transmitted electrical cis,ta to . an
electrQmot~-r oontrgl valve on. the ~~~t4ff regulator,
The correctness of this preealc~alated control ~yetem ~~
was balanced against an electrical accelerometer and
a .fucl~~ volurn.e-eight measuring device., which eh,fted
the height at whi~eh the rider was to :Follow the camp
~~awings only were given to the Soviets?
EnclQSUres.a.
Encl'os~xre (~.) -Test Stand for T-Staff Deeompositioa
_; Cata~;~rst ~-ith Ze~~nd ~ ,'
Enclosure (B) -- Prc~~osed Zead ?xyde catalysts Sleeve
foxy T~3tQf~ feat ~ ~tan.d
E,nelo sure (C) ~- Hyp?ergolic Fuels ignit i,on Zap ~pparatue
vvi th ]fie geed
~.clasure SD - gift Corrector
Enclosure l~~ -~ Thrtx$t Regulator
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A 9
'.,
Scale ~ ~~,,t ms srs s
8ECRET
Bumf'1745Tcr~~:I,n;a,lamnissiea r.~1.lSSlf'pI~GEE1A,6edirl.
~dg~ i .f 2~__..
Tost stand for T-$Lc~f'deca++positic~+ eata!ysis
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. mc~~ ...
'BEST STAND FOR T-STOFF DECOMPOSITION CATALYST
1. Differential Venturi
2. Pressure Control Valve
3. Chamber Disconnecting Nut
4. Decomposition Chamber
5. Chamber Cap
6. Nickel.,. Nick~~.-Chromium Thermocouple
7. Upper Disconnecting Nut
8. Quicka0pening Valve
~. ~ T-Stoff Tank, 6 Liter Volume
10. Electrical Deventilating Valve
11. Filling Cap
12. Temperature Gauge .
13. Tank Pressure Gauge
l4. Chamber Pressure Gauge
~,5. Venturi Differential Gauge
16. Constant Pressure A1r Inlet
17. Pressure Gauge Disconnecting Nut
18. T-e~ itoff Difuser
19. Gasket
20. Removable Sleeve
ENCLOSURE (A)
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t
Enlacement
i?1C ~SU~@ Po e 1 ~ ~ )
PiroPas~ct lead oupd~ cataiys~is sleety ~r T~'o~'
st ata~nd
La Qnd:
~? ~I~aSS@fi~i~tji 14U~
~. ~rorr Cone
_ .:._~or~.ne~ttn N' to
~ .~
~~~'~ user ~tng~
T- $ Conduit
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 kC r
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8EC~~~
-~lla
BE~R~I"
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LEI~END
F~PERCtOLIC FUELS IGNITION LAa APPARATUS ~ ~, . , :, ~;?
~.
5.
Leveling Lug
Mipolam Hose ~
Fuel Pan & Tube
Constant Temperature Fluid Input
Fuel Container
Selenium Fhotoelectria Cell
7? Oxidizer Container
8. Ventilation Iiolep, 3 mm. Dia.
9. Abfluss, Constant Temperature Fluid
10. Silica. gel Insulation
11. ~luic~ Jacket
12. Oxidizer Stopcock Handle .
13o Niek e]., Nickel-Chromium Thermocouple
1.4. Bubble-Center Leveling Device
15. 12 Volt Electric Lamp
16. Reflector Mirror
17. Condensing Lena
1$. Fuel Pan Overflow
19~ glass Beaker
ENCLOSURE (C)
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~~;~~~r coRR ~~ ro~~~
~~~w;~V~~~~~.'~b x A.~ G 19 4 4
Eh clgSk`r!
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~~Vn
1l~ .
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/? 'T' ST07~T' ST~Q~/N ll~~t/ar1%~l, l~Q~d~ ~~ L~i//~rn I~I~rY1liM~ ~~I`
2= r,~lirv~iar ~/ ,'llwf~ii/ ~he/f-~ir~3i.. ~" ~9r
a =~,i~rtrrr~4 /e F/elc is A~1o~t 9~t?rw~oNr~iw ~' ~/~?yer/.~fi~r-
,,q': ~'ii.~itcf 8r-.w'~
,'f+ ~/~i~~
~~,~I/IS~re ~Oiss
/D+ A~ae~r/~w.w ter
//? O,e'~l~r ~A/IIJNt/i~f ~n
TH~evsT' ~~G~~~ Tom
floc%s~are ~E~
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