1. DEVELOPMENT OF MODULATION TUBES AT NII-160, FRYAZINO 2. TUBE PRODUCTION IN NOVOSIBIRSK

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00810A002500590003-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 7, 2013
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: October 16, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

50X1-HUM
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This Document contains information affecting the Na-
tional Defense of the United States, within the mean-
ing of Title 18, Sections 793 and 784, of the U.S. Code, as
INFORMATION REPORT to Its transmission or revelation of its contents
t0 or r receipt by an an unauthorized person 16 prohibited
by law. The reproduction of this form is prohibited.
SECRET/CONTROL - US OFFICIALS ONLY
COUNTRY USSR (Moscow and Novosibirsk Oblasts) REPORT
SUBJECT 1. Development of Modulation Tubes at DATE DISTR. 16 October 1953
NII-160, Fryazino
2. Tube Production in Novosibirsk NO. OF PAGES 5
DATE OF INFO. REQUIREMENT NO. RD
THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
Institute 160 in Fryazino
1. German engineers Gerhard Haucke and Otto Sperling worked in the laboratory for the
development of transmitter tubes in the Magnetron Department of Institute 160 in
Moscow/Fryazino. The department primarily worked on the development of modulation
tubes, most of them copies of US models, for which records and sometimes samples
were available.
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2. Type 5D21 tubes were used as basic models for the development of a series of modulation
tubes with increased capacities and higher tensions. The production of a tube with
doubled capacity was started in late 1950?at a rate of 10 to 15 units per month.
From requests for individual parts, a monthly output of 50
units was planned. On the test stand another tube of this series reached an output
four times as high as the 5D21,with an anode voltage of 35 kv. During one of the
tests, the tube was fed with 40 kv. The first prototypes of this type of tube were
completed by late 1950, and quantity production was planned. It might have started
about three months later, Another type of modulation tube, referred to as Samovar
by the Germans, had been designed for a pulse power of 10,000 kw, but reached only
3,000 to 5,000 kw at a tension of 25 kv. At the test stand, tensions of 30 to 32 kv
were reached. The voltage resistance of the cathode was sufficient while the other
electrodes manufactured suffered from flashovers and grassing, caused by inadequate
material and unclear surfaces. the quality of these tubes was
poor to fair. The production of the Samovar type tube was started in late 1949
at a monthly rate of five units. The scheduled' monthly production output of ten
tubes was not reached by the end of 1950. the Soviets had made
enormous efforts in order to accomplish the eve opmen o t e modulation tub50X1-H U M
dux"I -hi u IvI
3. From April to early July 1950, when this department became off-limits to all German
personnel, including glass blowers, in the Magnetron Department on
glass- and vacuum problems connected with the tubes developed there. Some of +-,-
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OAR Ev x
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laboratories of the Magnetron Department worked in three shifts. Prior to July
1950, only the Soviet copy of a three cm magnetron was produced. Five or six
types of magnetron tubes had been developed from the latest US models and were
adapted to fit the output of the three modulation tubes developed at NII-160.
Several other types of tubes were also developed . Experiments
were made with magnetron tubes with wave lengths below one cm.
there were plans for a monthly output of 100 magnetron tubes. By July 1950,
however, only smaller series had been manufactured. in the laboratory. 50X1-HUM
Novosibirsk Tube Factor 1
4.
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The old section of the plant had a workforce of about 59000 peoples which after
the completion of the new plant building. will probably be increased to 69000 to
8,000 persons. The plant director died in 1950. The plant, which was constructed
during the wars was equipped with machinery from the Leningrad tube factory.
Most of the
mac nines an instruments installed there were of US oriain and from the
period between 1920 and 1929. a new
welding.set for the welding of bulbs and base plates of 6A7 and 6A8 type tubes
arrived from the US. The Soviet engineers were glad that it had been possible
to get this set in spite of the growing strain in the relations between the US
and the USSR. The Soviets stated that this type of welding set was not yet
produced in the USSR. 50X1-HUM
6. The Soviet engineers were very familiar with the 16 unit automatic vacuum pumping
set delivered by the General Electric firm. The set had been in operation at the
plant for a long times but the Soviets were not able to handle the 48 unit
Telefunken pumping set, which was used for the production of 6A7 and 6A8 type
tubes. Because of the wrong glass and vacuum technical procedures, the average
output of the automatic vacuum pump was only 20 to 40 percent of its capacity,
and the highest output ever reached was 60 percent. When succeeded in
increasing the average output to 75 percent of capacity, this department 50X1-HUM
awarded a flag. By mid April 1950, both types of tubes were produced in two,
shifts,with the automatic vacuum pumping set having an output of 1,200 to 1,500
tubes per shift. A third work shift was put in only occasionally, to overcome
a backlog or to produce another type of tube. The personnel of this department
included four male engineers, 12 to 15 female technicians without any experience,
and about 150 female laborers for the assembly per shift. About 200 additional
women worked only one shift and 50 men and women did auxiliary work.
7. In addition to'the difficulties experienced with the automatic pumping set, the
production was also hampered by the insufficient degree of purity of the materials,
which received inadequate precision treatment during the manufacturing process,
and the lack of skilled personnel. Most of the new engineers were women whose
technical knowledge could be compared to that of a .German mechanic. There were
only five men among 70 graduates from a technical school in Novosibirsk. In the
glass working departments most of the difficulties were connected with the fusing
of glass and metal and with annealing. These technical problems had to be,solved
by Soviet engineer Cherapnin, who had been the director of Oberspreewerk
in Berlin after 1945 and was sent back to the USSR in fall 1948 after he had
attempted to escape to the West. 50X1-HUM
8. In the antechamber of chief engineer Katzmann, who had been assembly chief under
Bersarin at Oberspreewerk in Berlins there was a chart showing transmitter tubes
with an output of up to 20 kw produced at the plant. The models were comparable
to German tubes produced between 1930 and 1938, Katzmann repeatedly talked,,
about the production of small transmitter tubes by automatic pumping sets
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and he also talked about another assianmentl to Novosibirsk to
solve this problem, l modern types
of tubes were also being produced at-this 'plant and' owder-metallurgy tubes
were being developed. an
engineer of the Novosibirsk plant was awarded the Stalin Prize for the development
of a powder-metallurgy tube.
Following is a list of machinery observed
ground. floor of the tube plant in Novosibirsk&
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on the right-half of the
a. About 150 welding machines for the construction of receiver tubes.
b. Two US automatic pumping sets, old models, for steel tubes.
co Three German 48 unit Telefunken type automatic pumping sets. Two of the
sets were not in operation because the vacuum pumps and other mechanical
parts, such as gears, were missing. It was doubted at the plant that it
would be possible to obtain these missing parts,
d. Two large General Electric welding sets. One set was manufactured in 1928/ '
1930, and the other, which arrived in 1950, was built in the middle of WW II.
e. Three automatic sets for the production of bases for steel tubes. The sets
are of US origin and were constructed in 1928/19300
f. One machine to weld together and cut into sections copper and nickel wires.
g. One large annealing furnace with conveyor line passing' through.
h. One so-called folding machine for steel tube bases. The machine was of US
origin and connected the bases with the bulbs.
i. Testing equipment for receiver tubes.
J. Various machines and instruments for preparing single parts.
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1. Comment; probably referring to the Svetlana Tube Plant
No. 617.
2.- Comment: Sentence as receiyed.~~ may have 'meant ttescortedt'
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Location Sketch of the Tube Factory in Novosibirsk
Key to Sketch:
1. Tube plant.
2. Rivulet, five or six meters wide, about
150 meters north of the plant.
3. Three km. to a civilian airport.
4. Settlement composed of small houses.
5. New.: apartment houses.
6. Road, about 30 meters wide.
7. Double-tracked railroad line to Vladivostok.
8. So-called diplomat quarter with military
academy.
9. Old section of Novosibirsk, primarily wooden
buildings.
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Layout Sketch of the Tube Factory in Novosibirsk
Key to Sketch:
A. Old building, about 25 x 60 m,
with five stories.
1. Ground floor*
a. Vacuum department.
b..Vaeuum department and product: on
of tube accessories.
c. Assembly shop.
2. Annealing furnace.
3. Offices.
4. Unknown part of plant.
The second floor housed chemical
laboratories, the laboratory for
the production of transmitter tubes
and the production of single parts.
The third floor housed offices, and
the fourth floor was guarded.
B. New, three-story, brick building,
almost completed. Installation
of equipment was to have taken
place in;July 1950.
LL 47-2 2 3
c ' b
To Novosibirsk
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