SURVEY OF THE BROADCASTS OF THE VOICE OF AMERICA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00926A000500030013-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 23, 2001
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: August 13, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved as;9. yasIFIa80-06926
rorlivht4F1DENF1AIT
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT Surve7 of the Broadcasts of the "Voice of NO. OF PAGES 1
America'
0
DATE DISTR. 13 A'OGINIT
PLACE
ACQUIRED are os? mr?
DATE
ACQUIRED
,RNIP.o.P3NIEMERAY FYYAk.TfT
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suRvia or Th ROADC
Or
"VOUS Of IQA" BY A InJWIAN
The smelt,' for *renting constant organs of antioommunistie
propeganda in dictated by the unavoidability of the struggle end by the
impossibility of bringing together the two system*, demeeratit and communist
Collision of these two ideologies is unavoidable inasmuch as peaceful oollab-
oration does net depend on the good will of the denoeratie system. Zommuniam
as * doctrine rajoste in principle the possibility of peaceful existence of
the tee systems and, agree. only to periods of aVOPtisee, if it is neoessary
or useful to eommuniem for its preparatima for the ultimate struggle.
lsmin in his time said, "Propaganda is the sharpest weapon of ommourism".
Sint* then the esseuniste irrevosably pat this instruction into practioo every!.
where and Alvan,. In the USE, beginning with the revolution and up to date,
propaganda UMW the sot-vises of everything, press, radio, einem*, art, and
so on. Inorsous fends are -being impended es propeganda. There is a whole
army consisting of immoral tens of thousands of persons of qualified ooniimistic
propagandists, i.e. persons vise have made propaganda their profession And by
means of which they earn theirmoney. Apart from this, people- aro rehruited
for propaganda work by way of "voluntary enforcement', to use the conelao
expression of the Soviet sit/same, millions of pimple who are fulfilling tho
se-ealled "public obligation" which they IA& not directly reject without
being suspected of an antisovist disposition.
The total eirculstion of the party literature mashes tens of sillione
of *pies per year. One certainly should not come to the sonelusion on the
*is of this that comaunistie literature is very popular, and therefOre
snounistie ideas are just ail popular. The point is that the mujority of
them, publications go to the state libraries (and there are no other libraries
in ether words, these ;obligations are being bought by the gerernment -*hien
issued them. A eonsiderable part is being bought by the members of the
Cemmaniet Party who are willud to have such literaturep Us rest, which is
ineoneiderable, gees on "free sale' and is being forced ante buyers who must
take them to get ether goods, or who are ebliged to take then by otnar methods,
* deseription of which would take to web roam .here. Thus is propaganda
organised in the USSR. The offeet of communistic propaganda outside cif the
USSR
can be seen from the events of the pests.war years.
lk, str-oalled *Russian Wartlike"
As a matter of fact, the ihiasian "position? exists only in the minds
of tie foreigners. Its *abeam" lies in establishing whether oommuniom is a
national Russian phenomenon, whether all Russians are sennuniste, *nu whether
sonsideration should be given to the aommanist danger or to the BussiAn diAnger.
In theory, it is best to refer this question to the oommunists.
sorry to say that this is net prairtioed. Theoreticians and leaders of aon.
monist would answer this question as fellowei (I an quoting frem h tsediah
publication) "If Leninism had represented only an implementation of 4arxism
on the specific soil of Russia, then Leninism would have been purely nntional
and only a national event, purely Russian and only a Russian event. :a knew,
however, that Leninism is an INTARNATIONAL development, which has its roots
in the entire international field and is not only Russian in scope.
Questions of Leninism", pogo 104
*The third stage (lathe *volution) started after the October
d'etat. The aim was to emeolidate the dictatorship of the proletari
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in one country, tieing it sea starting point for defeat of imperialism in
all eountries. Revolution overlaps the herders of one single omantry. The
epeoh of the world revolution has started: 'Stalin, *Questions of lAnimilama
? pages 77 and 78).
'At present, all reads lewd to stemunisme Molotov. Taken from the
report of the fmmous meeting held in meter, of the 30th 'anniversary at the
October Revolution.
This is the answer of the person mho is Wday the leader of world
oossiinton, the head of the semmanisemstriekin eountry, and the ye- son ma whom
more than as any one *lee today, depends the development of world politics.
Mere do meet foreigners got their idea of seneacina as a national
Russian development! How is it possible that events which take plea* in suCh
eountries as Trance and Ittly, 'hidi have no eannfaction with the Slav* countries,
are net considered as a direst confirmation of the INTERNATIONAL character of
eommunienot
However, eommuniem has already *misted in Russia for. 30 years. The
means. that Russians maintain it, aid perhaps it hos turned into a typically
Russian development and now we should smolder it as a Russian danger.
This praetisal question shuld be referred to the Russian PeaPle as
sh hemmer, this is net possible, or almost *possible for obviout reasons'
the 'Deplete isolation if the Russian people from all of the outside world,
the couplets abseils* of freedom of the Russians; all kinds of freedom, freedom
of 00101, sonselence, press and so em, and even the treed= at movement from
one plass to another in their VW country, or freedom of oho** of ths plass
of work. Could one may that Russians approve of all that and that they have
willingly deprived themselves of all elementary hen= rights and voluntarily
eonfined themselves to misery and a half-starved existenoe beemase they are
?slaw., which word means for many a person its literary translation: slave
slaves.
Ali these so -ealled"thooriee" are beteg tweeted
to adult thitonly right theory, namely, that the RUSSIAN
AND ARE JUST AS MUCH =RORIE= BY COMMUNISM AS ANY OTHER
COUNTRY TAKEN BY COMMUNISTS.
order not
ARE AISLAVED
If the respoOt tewards a people fighting for its liberty due it from
s? opinion is measured by the degree ani the meaning of the sacritioes
this peeple makes in that fight, them the world willsome dt4y learn the
truth about the years of the eammuniot domination *Aussie and the suffering
of the people, and will pay a tribute due to the people" of Russia'
I consider it meet important to interpret rightly the Russian question
and to present it in the right propaganda light is order to achieve the possi-
bility of a sueoessful fight with semmuniim in geaeral and with eommeries in
the USSR in particular, and to influenee the issue of the future oonfliot.
Yer the issue of this conflict, it eon not be &matter of imdifferenee
he demosracies whielleAde the Russians are going to take, as it can not
? natter of indifforsmse to the Russians whether the demosraoles will act
full cognisance of how the painful question of the USSR Russia oaaald
lOod ani whether the Russians eill be. fined to defend Russia, and thus,
perhaps, defeat communism, as happened in the last ear when there was no
other way out.
I therefore tate it for grunted that in the matter of the riot kind
of, paler in Cho Russian *motion and particularly in the matter of &stilton-
=Anionic propagonda in the Russian language theta DEMOCRACLSS understand that
Russia is enslaved by oesmanismi that the true aspirations and alma of the
Aussian4ave? 'lathing in common with the tasks of the Communist ;;overnaont;
that the great majority of the Passions are disposed against the comainietes
that Russians love freedom as mush as mey ether people, that they wish to live
without *leery and fear and to take care of their out internal affairs and not
to provoke world revolutions.
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devstM t)*.t the demveraelos are fighting only against
e U and Wit the Ruesians and Route.
? Only an this basis, the daeuracties and the Russians may am,
and should bums, allies in the emus fight against sommuni In order
to reach such mutual understanding, the.. question' must he nade completely
slew auditions should be unsisteney in their motions. Tufting upon the
astivity of the VA (*Iroise if America"), I wish to brine all the above into
relation with its wort.
If the mein task at the present time le to weaken the ea-, then it
best be weakened by internal propageada, direeted towards a moral iso-
n of the Communist Party and the Government from the Russia* people, and
dureasinz the possibility of it. beteg used by the *columnists in the
against the democracies.
In the course of- all the fight, commuaimemad Russian people shaiid be
separated. Presioely, it is neeessary to distinguish betweem the coneeptions
of Russian and Soviet, MR and Russia, eammuaist patsy and Russian
Communist asurtment antinomies aovernment, communist danger and Russian
danger, and se on.
Svery totalitarian regime is direeted against the people and totalitarian
government does net represent the will of the .j.ntty of the JANA*. Gembhelso
for instance, understood pervileetly how dangerous it ig in PrePagamda to sep-
arate the totalitarian government from the people whish is governed by it.
His opinion in this matter is so interesting that I ma quoting fully an
excerpt from his diary printed in the Swedish paper ?Dagen' Nuchert" on 10
March 1,4Ss
They offer in the U.S.A. a wore meiotic!' propaganda.
To stop accusing the German people and to atteek only um. 3? see
in that a urtain imager. The pripaganda of the adversary, fortunately,
is not so maanimous and unseoutive es to have followed this propaganda
method for a longtime. If it were otherwise, we meld have been,
? teeing unniderable difficulties at the time of every new oriccia. If I
were
in the place of the adversary, I would have truth* first day
follued strongly and irrevombly the propaganda? about the feet that
the struggle is net against the Gerson people but against Nazism.
? This is how Chamberlain started on the first day (dwarf but Wax
method was net follseed. I would have forbidden transcription in the
German press of sush expression *high appear mere and mere in the
American press. They should net be used oven in polemies. 3uoh
? thinge should not beamestioned in lny moo. The German people Ahodld
be entsinced of the feet that this war is hindering their life and their
ponsibilitios of national development, and that they mast develop all
their strength in demur.?
This statement is equally applieable to the U
? Only sueh a pansy of taking advontage of internal oestroversiee
"mold bring prasticelly useful results. Sven with tile most simple poi Joel
foresight and without adhering to a *moieties& of the innocence of tao Russian
people in the matter of eemmunime, it would be eatirely absurd to use any
ether propagandairthe roult of whish would be the unifisation of the 1,-usaian
11001, with 000ehhiemk and the strengthening of the totalitarian regime.
.Vork of the TA at the truest time.
? If we follow-the broadeasts of the TA from the be up to date,
we clearly 51110 the changes which have taken place.
Trim a loyal organ of information of a wide circle of Soviet listeners
the life of Aneriea with a view to strengthening friendly relations and
establishment of a closer 'outset bellows the people of the tan great
0ohntries, VA has turned into au organ of antleommunietio propaganda
co Russian language,
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doweiopment is suite natural, but it is net sufficiently re314
nor consqusut nor f.etiv. bosons., in spite of the change of purp.se,
the character of the work of the VA has remained almost the ewe.
At the present time, three-fourths of the. materiel used by VA has
111 for its Purpose an *Westin and exhaustive demenstratiam of life in
fa. They stunt on an expansive eirele of listeners, mainly oultured.
e tone of the broadcasts is abstrast, apolitioal and unenergetio. The
ants are often ineffeetive as far as proyaganda is concerned.
If ouch a pelioy end rash a eharawier of breadeaets is a. lima of
earefully elaborated (Oleic., then it is sm error in principle.
If much results aro unintentional, then it is evident that co:tarots
purpose is absent, and there appears to be ignorers** of the aotual eirele
of listeners, it. eomposition, its interests and reemirements.
If they have started turning TA into an organ Cf antioommunistie
propaganda, this sheuld be brought to a logical end.
The broadoasts of VA lag behind the poliaj of the U.S.A. An overall
aggression should bo started here as well.
The VA *mold not for Me instant be ueed for anything but prepay,
and making VA popular among Soviet listeners.
From this point of view, I *tart with the surreY 0
and submit mw proposals.
SURVirer Or BR
'7
the US*?
V ICE 07 AWRICA IN
he breadeas o
Th. nation that Bolsheviks will perait tree listed o the bra%
of VA, or that they will be listened to by a person oho is loyal
riot Goverment, is entirely 'orange
Th. entire- Soviet propaganda serves one and only one purposes to
prove that the Ssviet eitisen lives bettor and more freely than a citiaan
of any other country, and that the Soviet Government has undvabted advantages
over demseratie government.
This propaganda is being earned am uninterruptedly and ounningly.
One of the methods of its implementation is the dissemination of misrepre-
sentations about demeeratio Countries, compilation of fact, and events, direct
lies, and the exclusion of any possibility of writimism of 'the Soviet methods
inside this USSR.
Being aware, hewever, that all the ?results" aehieved would Amount to
ing, if the Soviet citizen had a *hams to control and to oompars, the
eviks are trying to isolate hernetieally all Russians fraa the cuteile
Th. VA broadeosts *ak a hole in this wall of lies and isolation.
*fore, the acre foot of the enistenet of VA, oven if its breadooste
evr000mpletely neutral, and were only to represent real life in Americus is
fact undesirable to the Bolsheviks. Insomuch as the broadcasts of the VA
are more and more daring the Bolsheviks consider VA as s direst danger.
To thil deepest regret of the Bolsheviks, they sonnet forbid the L.E
ke mach broadcast., but they 0541 and will fight it it another manner
able to them by using dirlet and indirect repression against such
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Soviet citisees who list's to lb* broadcasts of the VA. Ve had eXAMPIOS
f this in the past, when the most *reel repressions were applied to people who
were either caught, or reported as liatening to osti-5oviet broadcasts of for-
eign broads:eating station*, or *o_iphe portable broadeasting stations or the
underground anticemmuniatio movement-imoia* the usu.
There is a geed example of hew the Bolsheviks are afraid of the alightest
criticism and any appearanoe of antiscomunistio disposition. The Soviets is-
sued in 1935 or 1936 a law etlieh "talon that a person who relates anti-Soviet
ansedotes is to be imprisoned in a concentration oamp for a tarn up to 5 years.
I ean with full right say that three-quarters of the regular listeners to VA
in the USSR are persons who are antisommenistisally disposed, the enemies if
Bolshevism, who listen to VA with the risk of punishment by the Soviet Sovernment
The VA audience is to be found among the most contrasting layers of
the populations intelligentsia, workmen, peasants, and saw the army.
This audience mast be taken into conoideration when breadoesste are
being created.
In spite of the differ cies in maga status &Led tiaral level, all
these people are united by the mule feeling of hatred towards toe totalitarian
gommunistie regime. Therefore, the most cracial error in broadestoting would be
is leave fast any pelitioal influence.
In order to strengthen the antieommanietic trends in tie USSR, VA west
first of all make us* of already existing antioommunistio groups ohieb, in
foot' as I already mentioned, comprise three-fourths of the reviler nudism,*
of the VA.
aver sA of VA eculd be divided int, three integral parts*
1) Technical, sical, and literarrpropegandistie. .I shall start with
the INSA4 inportut third part
"LiterarriProPagendtstie Material of the VA
The onspostelon of VA =dimes* varies greatly aocording to their
cultural standards. In 'bossing the subjects, the madiesre listener aa to
be taken into *es:fount, the content should be interesting ler all listeners.
VA should net degrade itself by usina slang, but without aseentlaq the
language of all transmissions at be eomprehensible to every listener. The
language should be simple and contemporary Russian.
At the moment, the language ef the VA broadcasts is suffering from
longish expreseiens, &onetime* errors, and even unrussian expressions, as
well as freesover...emphasised expressions end words of the intelligentsia,
especially in the literary and musical sections. Let se give several axaiples.
las the verY-boshenins ef the breedceeis "geed evening... here is the
survey of the news of the dere...And hero... The greeting *4.04 evening" is
net used by a wingle one of theraddet broadcasting stations, nor in the broad A
casting of many ether %repeals ?sentries, and it has a strange and obsolete-oo-.---4
to the oar of the Soviet listener. The expression where is" in the beginning
is in this ease a direct translation from a foreign language into RU,SiRne
lilaNtratalSOPY of the Des's Mem NorveSsekie studenti Norwegian
students) should be promouneed nerve:A=41Z student- the second is super-
fluous and should net be used.
7th April. Second Transmissiens "Before the child roaches one year
It should be "until ens year of age". In the eritieism of the opera Asdium?,
as number of atrocious, unrussian expressions ossurred. (The translator ens
unable to render these expressions in Znglisho)
There are a number of sash examples and I stmuld net take all this
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space to describe this. The gnorai impression *high I have reseived is
a certain obsoleteness and megligense of the language, and a needless use. o
the language, of the intalligenteia and if speeial sapressions. VA shasld try
te be clear and easily understood. The most sliver and saaplisated idea oan
be expressed simply.
The forms of the leaping* amid be easily done away
no danger. Considerably greater errors are in the very dir
Let me give two examples.
d present
of the material.
15th April, Disco use en the performance at*wk* of Soviet canpmrs
in the U.S.A. This discourse eomeerned the works Htemnikoff and his First
Symphony
Any ion of free artistis mask is permuted in the USSR. It
is known that CTPb resently attaeked the Soviet composers elaisaing that they
are antinationelirUo and B411 at bourgeois ideas, that they admire the art of
the Welts They were ordered to modify their work and to limit it to the tasks
of the Communist Party ideology. Soils aeousartions soma to be ridiculous and
monstrous nonsense in the U.S.A., but are a tragedy in the USSR.
It 'mold definitely seem that the sommentator of the VA should speak
drastically about the eemmunietis vielenes end Soviet prepagenda, defending
the rights of Russian oemposers to personal freedom asd freedom of work-, pointing
out all the loon's, and stupidity eft)* Soviet oritleism4 proving that what was
created by the composers in freedom, and sondommed by Soviet propaganda, ia the
but and the most talented, and that the quality of the lark gets worse and
worse "bon the oemposers suit,comply with the requirements at oommunistio
terrorists. The VA should praised and analyse the best and the most talented
works of the Soviet composers who are oondmsned by the Soviet Government.
Mat is the author at the VA dissourso doing? Here are the expressions
which he uses in referring to Hrennikoff's works 'Ink the esassyvative or es
of *seam appreciate it....it is msallmbourgeois....Uliee...superfisial...there
is ne glamour and ne depth...there is enly a certain attrastion bemuse of imitam.
tion of the old. samples of bourgeois art,..." end is OA in the same spirit.
Sash eritioism would be gladly aosepted by the propaganda section of
OKVKPb, 'biota Weald even he glad to 'berme acme of the expressions from the
author of the discourse.
The discourse leaves the impression that its author speaks anginat the
conded Russian imposers and in defense and suenert of Soviet propaganda.
The Soviet audienee will get the idea from this disseurse that, apparently,
Soviat propaganda is right and is eerrestly eritisising oontesperary Russian
*empowers, if even in Amerisa the eritisima is word tor word like the Soviet
criticisms.
Hasty of he items of the VA broadsaurting are to me eolorless and
tial., but au* broadcasting is downright dangerous, and favorable to
rt propaganda.
Let as suppese that the author at the dieseurse scull not possiblyay
anything oleo about Srennikev because sash is his point at view. Then I should
like to know why he shoe. Hrennikov for his subjoin. Ins it not possible for
him to take another sonteaporary Soviet scmposer and te start actual propaganda
material in the right way. Let us even suppose that thAl author cannot say any-
thins; good about Au Soviet composers who are condemned by the Soviet Government;
then he should not oritioise se drastisally &sent people, thus helping Soviet
propaganda. He would haws dome better had he dirested his blew and his
ormolu; against the eammuniet followers, untalented: people who mks. their
sensor -singing abet* Stalin, and whom Soviet propaganda advertises and
supports so,atrengly.
10th April, a discourse &dictated to the daily paper ?News Herald
Tribunes in the section on literature and arts
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This broadeast wee even sere dangerous than the on aenticcod abote.
The eonnentator, taking advantage of this opportunity, talks about the eontaap-
orary Russian question to which I referred. VA does- not emus to any cinolusions
and does not inform as of his point at vim directly, but by analogy he amperes
the USSR and RUSSIA, essmunistic aspirations and *the ease old Russian imperialism
Soviet sibisens get a very definite idea that the esimentator in talkies about
Karl Marx and saying that 4exarl Marx sus an enemy of Slays in general and of
Russians, in partisalar*, is himself disposed likewise and is transferring his
oonvistions to the present.
In quoting Karl Were to the afoot that *The question in that either the
Slays will conquer Swope or it will be necessary to destroy Ru.sta, it appears
that he bellow* in it himself.
Perhaps it is only la* of ability to take advantage of the saisrial,
rhaps suoh are the pereasa *aviation* of the oonnentator, but the fast should
I forgotten that the Soviet listener considers VA net as au organ for trans-
the personal views of individual*, but as. veleta of ths people and the
t of the U.S.A., as the voice of its public optnion. Not for nothing
is this broadcast walled the Votes of the United States at Amorist.
Confusion, the feeling that Americans in no way understand the position
of he Russian people, as well as a reeling of scorn and of being insulted in
their national dignity are the result of sock broadcasting. This is net the
result that VA expects. The propaganda of VA should not tend to, antagonise
the Resales* and turn then *eine* Amami*. In order to wage a successful
fight against immunise, it is better not to make any propaganda in Rusin**, if
it leads to a feeling of *operation between Russians and ammualas.
All these excerpts from Karl Wars4 all this excellent propaganda satericl,
should he used in order to dethrone the worship of Karl Marx in the USSR wod to
throw gene light on theviers of the *founder at eamounise* towards RUOlatt,
from a eesplotely new point of view, unknown to the Soviet listener, oroating
in the audience a feeling of hatred and contempt for the theory it ODROMMillit
and its followers in the USSR today. That direst aim should have been taken
when Karl Marx was cited. It shoald have bees stated elearly, and no ream
1m#- for doubt should have been let which night lead to possible =insider-
standing. In this ease, the broadcast We dangerous.
Without csn%tscing th, fact that thio pasoioui Use of tie VA braadeaais
should not be wasted, I 'Joh to eaphasise that the Russian listener should not
be given programs for his entertainment only; the best entertalseent for it Russian
and his greatest pleasure is to listen to *attain* of the Soviet rests*, to
antiooviet propaganda.
lhomples of uninteresting and aimless tressuissions area
Sensational news about a miler whose life was saved
Waster parade of *loth* an Fifth Avenue
Digest at the novel *Idea of March*
!golfs**t of a nursery
Tale for children *Present from St. Nicholas"
as well as many others.
March 1
" 21
April 3
7
" 14
Iho time vested for the above should have been used in a more praetioal
Apart fron such empty naterial, the rest of the material is not being used,
or almost not used, for divest propaganda, and therefore bseoses apolitical.
In its Propageeda work Vainest take advantage of, and use against Consuaisn,
its own very effective *motion instead of trying te &trod seesivoly the dim.-
retic system, VA should attack through esti* oritiaime of communise and soviet
authority, and point out its faults. Material for that lies in the present life
in ibis U3, in its laws, its order, internal and external politics. pros's, liters.
tare, art technique, organisation, and so on.
Thus, the blew should be aimed at the USSR, and demonstration of rimn
should be turned into material which is illustrative of such critioiam.
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Methods of ortioiam should be first of all methods of direct oomparieon,
Concrete facie and direct revelationsa Let we approach the VA broadcasts
from this point of view.
In the section of the economic review of life in Apeeioa on April and,
a discourse was started and continued in some other transmission about taxation
in Americas , The speaker limited the diocourse to 4 dry statement of a progressive
taxation system:and to a statement of the correspoadiag figures, in eat, plass,
it is true, the speaker, having touched upon the questism of the refuel of
ceeeheelovakia, Poland and other countries under oammunist influence to partici-
pate in the Marshall plan, stated that 'they have suddenly, as though under the
lialles22_21Lsope outer force. refused to partieipate in the rehabilitation of
lurope I must comment on this expression.
The feet ie, that the "di lom tie" expression., so Often used in broad-
seating such aS "a certain state, a certain country, a certain force whioh is
.baeking...", end to on, are being used with a caution not always justified and
Soutd absurd, It.is so much more absurd, because the Papers and political
leaders have lona since been calling things by the tames that belong tc thee.
Sueh expressions in the broadmets of the VA can raise amid the Soviet audience
a notion of a certhin tear and a desire not to ingult the representatives of
the dominant totalitarianiema
If, due to Serious diplomatic reaeona, direot reference to the Soviet
Government should be avoided, I reoommend the use in such eases of the expres ion
"Bolsheviks". Bolshevike is a purely hiatorical expression given tc Russian
eoMmuniste by themselvee, after the party split, so as ;to segregste definitely
folloetrs of Lenin from the amallor part of Ikenshoviks: Uncle under the name
of Bolsheviks only Russian Communists (the VICPb, meaning the All-Russian Comp-
sunlit Party of Bolsheviks} are meant, when it is uded there cannot be any
doubt that the Soviet Gommuniste are meat, or the 3ovist Goverment and insti-
tutions. That ii how it is understood by the Wrist radio .listeners.
I some beet now to the discourse about taxation. Haw could this subject
be used for propaganda purposes? The entire materiel Skould be. presented as a
direct fifutatiOn of Soviet propaganda and polemics about it. Het only tae sense
f the discourse, eihioh the liatener must often guess, but also the text itself
should state that; -*Bolshevik propaganda is trying to a onVinoo its audience
that In America the law defends only the interests of the rith. Let us see how
athings in fact are. Let ue, for instanee, take illAett as important question as
taxation."
Here, the author, having stated the figures and having made the analysis
of the law should give his cementss nho democratic system of the L.S.A. first
of all defends the interests of the people. Progressive tasation and the figures
vhich wc have set forth serve as the best refutation of the propaganda chide
purposely distorts the actual state of things in America."
In another port of the same report the author considers the question
of the system of super-taxation on extra income introduced in the U.S.A. during
the war. Here also the author limited himself only to the statement Ghat this
super tax represented 95% of the extra impose. Hs made this Statement in 4
Oompletely Gala, dispassionate vise, without the slightest effort to kws use
of this fact for propaganda purposes.
This law shouid have been, represented about as follows "95a of
*trill- income of private enterprises which is due to the increase of their pro-
dustion on acooluat of war orders, was taken into the state treasura of the U.3.1.
From there it went to areate a ear migbtampable pf fighting Nazism and of defend-
ing freedem. From there, this money went for Military and material assistance
to the USSR whish during the ear represonted about 11 billions of dollars, ,
or about one-half of the sum which is foreseen by the Harebell plan for the
rehabilitation of all urope in the course of five years. Thus, the Amerioan
people have used for the aims of freedom the very extra profit about wish
ooMmunistio propaganda cries so often. Whet is left of its statement that the
American people shed its bloat for the sake of extra income, for the eapitalistst
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Al all tho rest of it, so this also i. a deliberate sisr.presemtati.n of
truth in order to make the eemmenistie theories seen true."
The method of direst sonparieon and refutation should be used 'horses;
Possible. As little possible of ownmonpluees, and mere emu:rote example*.
This is a simpler way of persuading the audience. For example, instead of
vesting time on a description of the history and develement of sem, paper,
and using eammenplace expressions about the freedom of the press in America,
the material should be used according to ether prinaiplesi *We leave it to
our listeners to got a. notise about the astual freedom of the press in Anorlea
Let us take, for instance, some politioally thrilling neve and let us see how
it is being oomeented upon by different newspapers.'
Then Ohmic% fellow the eemneets on the question in various papers
including the left end eamnanistie papers. Men a deduction should be code
as fellows; "You see for yourself, that the freedom to imam opinions 6nd
freedom of the press is oetually complete in Angrier. The communist prose
eon express its opinions openly. It has *Very possibility to dissminuts
freely its eanvistions and is attempt to via the :mead:ewe of the Aneriot,In
people. Thy is it not popular? Ihy is its eirealation only about one tenth
of the circulation of only one liberal newspapert **body an form, a free
American to buy the liberal paper. Ve sem as easily buy a communist paper,
if he so wishes. The emommnist press is net popular beeause the American
people, having the possibility at afire, gneiss, does net approve of the
eommunistie totalitarian oyster:. Amerisan workmen, aeserding to a aeatniatio
expression "elm brothers" of the Russian worker, en4 not some sapitaliat
and reactionary, kmews through the importance of belobevihatenquered oountr a
what pathetic results for the people some eith the victory of **immunise.*
If the political **aviation' and sympathies of the Amerioan people
40 easily be determined by what ptpert it reads and supports, it is not
possible to do so in the 1138R4 There all the press is operated by the Flo
Aeons and the people halo no shame to talk freely. It would be intoresting
to note that the peoples of Russia really think about oemmulisma if they were
for only one day to have the right to express their thoughts freely, without
fear of repressione and oonsequenses.
If the Soviet propaganda insists that all Almeria= magazines
trivial, full of detective subjects amd ebseenitiss, then TA should net
bring out the history of sush magazines but should quote individual ar-
tieles on various questions ehieh are interesting and essential ao thaT.
the Soviet listener could get the idea of the actual standard or the
magatines. By this method it is easiest to mfute Soviet propaganda and
to convince the listeners. au* reading' should be done net once in s
while, but often.
A thorough track should be kept of the flairiet press and broadcasts,
end every shahs* and excuse siould be takes and used, every misstep of Soviet
propaganda used for immediate attaske Sash shames and possibilities are
offered by Soviet prepagenda in enemas** quantities every day.
For instance, gaits recently the Soviet radio informed its hearers
about the "new remarkable 'assess of the Soviet solute and of the invention
by g 501144 satentigt of bulbs of elsetrie Ildaylighte.1 The entire teadeney of
this broadcast was in the usual tone of Soviet Propaganda. "Ws Problem was
elaborated and worked upon daring many years by the entire esientifie-researoh
institute, under its deeply respected head aoademilian Vaviloff - who was the
direct inventor 'whose name is knee to the whole civilised world'." It was
also pointed out that "mak brilliant success in technique and soignee is only
possible under the Soviet Government". A promise was made that the bulbs of ?
daylight' Ali sops h. slot in "schools and dubs, theatres sai nespitale% eta.
Mot a ward was said that this sinvehtion" was invented long ago and that the
light" was known long age and is being widely used in the majority of countries.
Thu; Soviet propaganda orates in the -nisi* of Soviet citizens on Impression
of the "incredible ashievements of Soviet technique and seiense" for *doh only the
Soviet Government is to be thanked. This last ststencnt is always strongly emphasia
Maay Soviet citizens believe in this quite faithfully, and even the antioommeniste
find a certain exOuoatton and muse in it for the misery and starvation in the
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bat VA should elk. a revelation on thi point, ant
the Bolshevist hlsiffing. Instead of that' in the section
eseaspliehments, are recorded *pleases reports abet
achisvemento of Ansriewn house building* in 'hies the spe4ker
es or so ineluded an enormous quantity of nieselltneous
tyin tua)iod upon everything only lightly, bmt with t scientific
(The fallodnj paragraph is on p
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)44terf Lr ?tn t b cA
so?oonvehlunt founceow ttiA the unticake7.urt-.4? .o.useafAt.
fiatenor o- ri3d bet it without eiffli,celty la making.
a4airt5t t, VitColon/Wont env for thn! leNoordeis-0
lhonevoy 74.ible,it ho accoa.1.4anioc 14 rofevence
to sotto-ea* .vtatistien..d .:-4t?td figures* Ovv.:t- shealh not ?ferget-
that the ki;eviet citizen i treutat ,F.At fioirest ?Itocct
them and they 4:3 the *t ut tt itthfietireve,r
ttote figure:5 COittagUtAilAAC'. . if* A et;,:'n747407110.1it
t.:44-4?:000.1Ther tra.y &x t, for 'e."_--A.R.14,e, itt the wey it
ono of the Qf the VA ittiu tau::
e.QueutAlAicel ette recorot""
?r*Stiriik3 Wert* g OV4M.4 TIAtse figures are net te?-
AltOre Is no ti* o to lot?them do:144i t tr. that* A iv Conte
fra that any of the listeners :ever rtele:Vhcc.. hoe' :Muth breeh
.1*Mt -e-aU iov much b trt tot iv etc *it CaVki
.fOrie tbkilt0Lt xq Je1 td1.t rreet
insteaot twiv-it,? the fig-Urea flj Jy rt .n
tlen .a.ves"?e?.0 ,i-neeric-441 -shoilL-1.4.- giton*Thtvseta re.tion or: en
reVere hhown j th .4ority of tiw 'VOw.
.arte they cariXI i. ty ik..tirisorow .
ti e'. effect.ive o'?s-y t.ret-titz.lterw.
A short and rocUMS Ilheale be given st the anew im
evtagt-L be renone6. wittow IL shoold het 1..exJ,ft
to his awn devioea be shoalei not te left to diet JJadatItt.
aently the .rwatei,1i::",,.1t 41tion..1_17.iterts* littich often .7:41.th
colicatzv?, matters.. It should bt re-LAultiod that the, ":?,";..rte.
not a rint teat ',AZ: eh- is always -. t 1."-e?tul
an.0 which t. 3. oaa any tire &he lathy titica
tent.ively, re. ro?lac 1. t 'by0.4e.mory hi"; ? own
DU? ?Ala tk$ be Fie t:. tug the toner can i t forg
tilsontier,,iiss.rto -_Qz, not c-tektit4i. !II* restart ...at
of .e.4.eit inkortent trstiotnislosit1i 11 c.fct" .Les;,1-
r air to .t40140144;i4:t. r t d 1*-;* . Q10-
in.4tt that the sub.ject if the in easily
de0 ros;.:.t tor r or
The tese 3144/ij,k.
heeess..ary* k. ..olosio4:1 tone
a contAingi ot chiy tho taul
zlttseete-6,, bet itewxt,leci to very iLuch
:J. a the.. disc us. o.??? the at oleo 1i. t Uses- yo tad
refer trcti t t:4o:-IL tester* .,Atielt34; Ittu to- verify te.
re ?%4VA s B?t.ic vith Seviet tk.tc. or 1'1.4.we::: eti7t
.s.1?:.; time te jot thilatt dotz..*
T ap the oettf.-
r.oac'e ort the aito t3d[ f intonvz. ih Geneva. nr
Btal5Cal t roc" tt 1ii VA*, -re lents eilecenont .
the tone .:1k--,-rsgoy?,-,14',- ? .L.4. which z.7;,:i:;. thotysetamia-..1.en s nf?,"04
bo given,
The taetitoe of .:...410-ther roi.roe-entative the asLaa confetF4.1toe
wilon deY.,..1T4-e. the .7t.tf..s...ent::? tolviet ,e1;.oa.A. fr.t461.414
i;;I:r the kroH- tho noking u .fnr that ott...,,Oo- tte
rovia lens di. he liter ant. 3.3oar4 re Tents
ey,ce.1.1.e.rit. t.tte 1:it-tO.o-e. which .aitoal b.ti3oF.:,IL
Jj":.t.a oo. toe . ; t of the avere: Amoe.,,Gtn wer;,:utstt.
1,.rofeds1.onol. 'wrier, their wage* material ;Aossibiiitief, teice,":4
j5jfl14-4t1 the tigyin
0thor olet..i.alw taw t isions
alillillaa
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TED
ofteu .:ovett...41t.0.
Lt i.:et:N.:I.-ink; to 1..;A4.!...or
w4i;e,t4-0 e-11;33:? for acciotaht?440
etc) tO kle 14.141-4.11q Cat,
stttus of' WQM4U, t ? the system. of ..(!cutrirli GV?
stolivieht ah,.1 other ili.14,9i-trult troa-
dotted .aud tr. n ttrhstber HtiresvnthQ of' other
los$ It ih or eeoree.:.e the-
scopetf u y v.,aha
the glattru which offurj?. 1144,c
1CA1iO 4j,
Deaiititi.. with .1r4tort oritteiswt thit: Zoviet :"orou
shoUld introthio :,.,...;arvoy%:, of Llit4 44 V ifi;?t. a: .5* ec oh4Ays kf.rt too 4-
$& rt atori tr?,',1c1 bt tool t 4:4 4rt:
subjects of life, etc*
It wou'lt...; vokyt tr U, 41 cle 44 C
tiCii1 ta tAt,;014r Qf WOX-1114:,
t0 distioe the folalfied history ,,,Jf Rucsiso of tha rovsIutiort
: autt. the Soviet litstarj. :sot forth iu the fatioas
TIBListory ofWA/14 tory. 1;;;If
of Bolsheviks)*
.pa,,rtf tti. t bovc.venti.orted.
broed.c:A.trt of ark. e:,,Feay
RESTRICJED
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Approved For Release 2001/11/21 : CIA-RDP8
MARKS D PFEREINT
OF VA
Transmission of the latest neva is the best organized..
Di#40-Ursu* nre.,,rchtini; 40eric4n iit IL the form of dis-
Oewsionss erroneouniy entit4 z tieuneeitiea .0f 41.14 -
ou.1.0n. 1$ dbeent; Chi-A 1-1, reJ?rt uz Nts,r4?1011t1 doctrines is
being made* A ediewcitrot in tiati, 3oviet.-Inso of the t.c.-
01titikis when 1 takery:. (iirfortnt oe 1t1.? in. v.. .;Aff? runt
manner centinus, atling tba v1,,,mk thing,
The, z.,1 efieh ii th:;t40?31Ct .(j
41Cntly inter- ..:;ting* The chz:444.; cf v4et440.. inste_zcC Qf
the trnsillsoi?n in t iforol of I Ui only i r r thq
listener from concentretun on thic. lub43t.? Tht wry idcv,
the form of i4t4scus5i6aPI is very- LatertJtIng thero 4.1-c areA
i,bAsi1ilit.i4i;.5Iz it, if it
41. 0,, 4 A,1_,4$, 4tAdLit. "14or4tton!,?1
These very interetting, in the thrwe
the wo4.-kmun always won and the emiloyer
Tau should t, cz.rtful? Tht. vtt 11.A.ener
ibtrtur laterial and cc artifici.61IL j
the Court lirevece-..Lngcl in the deslied direction*
Tr6USILILS3iWi uf the e4Atents of document refeTtrit tc. 6er -
mm-Soviet rel,t',onshlk in 1J39 - 1341* Thi l eIc-ilunt
Luttritl; uotittr.6 better t.H.11i.. bL1 itif4Ari?t, It :1_?;Litti
fblidvtd by c criticism and den131 of the 4rcct*0 t,Att
forth in, the A;Tiet prvoztildt boLla in441310,fiora 131:5try"
written to fight dclin the subject which, i$ now
Lttte by VL,
1uci1 ti
A4 ih till wholeruJLt of V-, ? thi,
uLiC U iXt tonofl niy one ITt.
it for the tzticomunirtic ill the US B, Iviy
of tho 1?.,rociot1E ttme b u. . the utmost
TjALI at, th4 ,,,?;:c5cnt ILament
requIreacut. Th w &i i. is incilantel
It is diffirvUt?t Lu an ..uros4 in the. '4?
stouts 1;,:ea iza on 1 ere t. 1,hat Zio' L to
tr4n3Lii'dio? tud, thA is intrueed te
Tho bu,41c 447 tni ?Tozxdr.:: is fLlle- w1t4
westorn UNZie. Y4J OU 104 i14,11,14 the r.441 or 5 ....
Ulu ,JdslcirtJ Lt 1iten4 H4reeld, -? ? , - ? ,?
from coural.,4
TLi =L...ti;the time Vhial.
tlil Ln re,p4vt,?. ";:63 uf 4vit ne xi ad
frd4 trw, bLi-'4 of the I etkbalt.-?LL,.?
C
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cot?coad of wAreuely dirlerenteletsent...; .;iecordin to thelr
tuLstandarUr and their intereal In nnalolo Why thold tea
awriot listosters, ct it least two.thirt of then, 110.4, t4 ikft;;':AC
which act interest the*? Titt does ng..?At f:W;'.
hdr t Iistenei34
? The fact. should be te,ton Into consIcTL,tion
artistic. value of the broadcta i,;11 often fietre.t,-.eti by zit,isL.4.11erit
bindran,ea dni.1 lute4Terenco anci tbeh oval tht
tes classical nusic has no -,;:.,._16eute 14 1,?:-.tetleki. to. its
The griatest w 1tL&i is the fact thot aoch brea&.
devoid. of ,A4Itil inti,uouce, Very Lowzopl tn
of Aneriewa otic aiA..6t1C44
4owuverithe7 AtL4 t LM
11$t*UUrS. The VA. oeule not -achieve that,
HUsaian and AMt'elC44 treaiei te?, ai-ont1.4;t:L?,
Th4A L3lib4re tneAstitc(:-. of e4u1sti iuW. tp& ?tac
acvlotro^ ut L, sdin IL tk r thet
tlut tbo IISOLL of :?...reLeat .474140,,ritan lau.Ac it neur-_sthisiii,...,.
tericaI an! cl.sto..?Tioncue0 it L bet :..41,J,4 try to
theeoto3iticia...,; th,,J
it not t L n. t ralitint.
-,144edt 1.1 hot ? 4.totiot,'.,ti41
of tho ^ RkeOloiet by iiinotti) Lh tryint te
iirooft by of husio v1ian.
co,urchensiJn. tho 11..joher?. Th.
letter oniy to? -;;:itta,14.reauent vith tac V1 Li
the ,tioviet It U..LC b Sfleienr.:. to
thet in the erit, ceuntry.of every. to
orc,Lte Iiihmtovr he tst,: if -,:4-41L., cv-tionz
by the it nean3 tiut tkAiy hvti:w right to tt;.1..t,
To eeny thet. Vi t roosiAtelt., it v_u L..he c te
the stoeern Anercl.r.0 atiaie in conzi cring Cbe iiiU. t L*
the 0.12510 which je4t.t. usual
bending the r'eal,A-14410 aufl 4oyful tubje.,LA_ tha
eaziest way te re.,?ot the Coviot amic to
Ihixession of tile :',eviet 11Aener*
The ecia;L tr.,-.,-..b4estssions of .::?.uieren felt: 4said ?-erat.
jr indiskenablir o.?
Referrin4 t?.10 ur,:;.0s,?
I 0 tit?A if tha? jOar.,,..-.Q*. of this
la. to A4k* tbm latZority uf ilar.oihr uLi lut
rudios offs tni- t2'4Q- tot.
Ateericoa UAJJikLLi tico,.tilar with tiw
of they not b.r,rced to iltd4 tu it, iLivoini;
the otwice or Eutoirean az 1ai4, 14,0T: inottuci.,
or Oornano. the l'Niz:itaa Il'Aetera vu1C.. certainly
The listeners, Levin& beie.:.6 in the teire t.fl :i.'4.1t
Wewz will either tjadt tbo raeie off er turo to 4.',othei
63;8000 d;.tnc,4, 4uziO,
ocin.be vexy thA no cue to: it.
Thu6, 141f of the entirc tic* of the teird. tr,knsiits$4ot.
is b4u enttr y tw6tt.,e, It the ,,,trogr,,A
t14.r6 transti$aicuo. itztd t xIc i b tt .tt
anO_r &t othr motor/al.
HOli* itieulo, the Awici.',1 sectiot ca the VA be cht416,4
the 3Otoz ru, LatendA to indroao the milabt,4- Qt
11,$tou4rs? It is 4 z.t,te'.. Idee to ace thww. wait ror the tzahs-
gisAcus, of TA on4 to lizta to then,. If on..4 in t,
to their favorite music, It wottla galte te,4 llisgeh to ertoz
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now
aye
sub
V. are kasti
,14sesssit,,ui
401slc, The.
cli corauimatator
Titv todayta ec.LA
Wan
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to ta
tx A nwrio4,
3.3ikiLt
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groptio4.
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25X1A
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