NOTES ON INDIUM, GERMANIUM, AND TITANIUM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 23, 2001
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: August 26, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

Iatsr .tioas1
Notes on Indium, er ta, a Titaa1
'le`i W,,We4ease' TF1.1/21: CIA-RDP80-00926A00050003001
IN
'COUNTRY
SUBJECT
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE
ACQUIRED
NO
DATE DISTR. 26 Au-v, t Vic'
NO.'OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
~,tl~i T'11s the C ~3 trar7 are photostats el" the following > a i s
A L I st Iad`>oua i d dated 15 Jen 4S
UjMjt2a 21 I&MM - tted .8 Jan f 6
~asrf f .(;all- a - dated 29 Jtaa 45
SAW c:at l e dated 26 Jan -15
IIs?p sad I so 9401 of d2r_ ja - undated
fttos crs T vaatias - undated
CLASSIFICATION
NSREI FISTRIBUTiON
_-( PAIR fine ~9Pi I ! I -~ ---
SECRET
mw_
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Next 3 Page(s) In Document Exempt
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/21 CIA-RDP80-00926A00050004'0017-7
1/18/45
r xtracton of Indium
.;nciuri i- ususi.ly extracted fro -r. ir:.I1L^,-bes:.rir ores, corc#ntrvtes, rd c.rs .s,
'et. lz, ailo;, s, ne tf ilurgicsl residues, fly e duet, calcine, fuses, diati3_ aorc
;14nt Ju
L
E
c
'}
-
i
-
r
_,
r.
c
,er
r i-cts
ore
st
)f the following Methods:
"ethod I. me Llenus arc ciEsolvcc. ir_ 'x03, snd Lite heavy rstals ere
prtci,_itefed b: Fi ir-;~i t:_u filtr fe l;mi is prccipiteted with excess -WRovi.a
ar,c: this prccil.iLtion is ret.cctcc severza t~,?ut& to remove zinc anc.
The ii.r.l Ir? (Cr!) j It ai-scived in acetic acid and then precipitated`as3 "4f e
uy H2;; a To ree ovE any rcmeir.ir,g s!aell wounte of iron, the 112- U
d~ssolvec. ir. iiCi) a little ucirg added to oxidize the iron. Then the a6
itidw
of iH3 or?ciritctEc Fe (CN)-? w1 th orly a littl?. ind.tEn. liter re-novIrtg, all. ~. e
iron, Pure In (C K)3 .s i rcciri tf-ted by adding ar excess of ammonia,
',:ethod 'I. 7ndfun.-bear;rg zinc rreta is treated with dilute H2SC4 just
tii-, crscz:ic, iron aria indium collects upon the residue of undissolved sine..
Tills shone, ;,aterie.1 f b collected, washed, dissolved in ENO3, and evsporetad sith
:12SCL, . Ti.t Fb3O, i s .111tered off, and the hydroxides of iron and indium are
precipitated with Icr,~Cf . This precipitate is niesolved in a setall amourt or i'.t;I.,
of IF, FL-i0 3. Fy thi trey Lient a basic sulfite is obtained which bas the formula
it, (SC33J.Izrr(GH)6.SK,C,, Thie is dissolved in 1.140'4, ar.d finally" In(CH)3 is
I rc.cipitatec by an excess of NH4CH.
', e t 11I. :? / c ~r;,, yex .indium-hearir,,t ore may be Ground and then subjected
- OR to flotf tior by v'r.;'ch cor.centreteE of z ire and indium, lead, and silver are
obtc.: r?d. The c,neentrf `,t. uy be trebted-as foiloees
(A) Roestei with ylt (t2aC1). The irc~w chloride is dissolved and met.allie
irdiu-r. Ic decositd eiectrolyticaily.
(F) Dissaive ir. h.-,A1
, aru Precipitate tie Indium (a) by the addition of
zinc, or (b) t,,, neut.rrllz t.i cr of the excesE acid.
The urity of the mete' i; ir,crease4 bj? rc,.,eatir.g the process. A amity
c'9% and %ii,-hcr is cl.aimeci.
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 1/a9%-
-t3a o] ZAti~,l ,i
-mss
Most of the available and reasonably recosei-able indium is closely assoc .t t,e
with sine or zinc-bearir:g ores and minerals, and most of this indium is c:;. c :, i rig ti
In the mineral ephalerite, either incorporatec physically or in solici so.iut.i
Hence it is obvious t!u,t- most of the ooriu rcial irc:iu.^t ~s recovered sa (a i
product in some fora of zix:c metzilurgy. It Is safe to say, up to now,
;,ntj t
-o
indium is reeovertmu ccr rercisily as a rt.sult of the treatment of any beaij ig material as a result of the trest:nsrt of such materiel for its:
alone.
:;..a.
c:,n i
From an academic standpoint it is of Interest to tabulate the various 4a.i.nrira it
known to contain indium. ranging from spheler: te, which contains relative-t,=
"substantial' qualtltief, down to those x:nersla wherein the metal occurs r
minute or even irJ: irtitE s1 nr . pt rcf ntages.
1. ap te, So no sulSic e, Zr*6. In ti is r,,ireral, tice indium cont. rt jsL. s.i.ty
ranges free 0.C1$ to C..,; rarely, if ever, it ekeesb of 0.2;p. As a matter
facts the usual ii;uiuz content of most sphelerite is, in all probrbility, :4'.055
than : C.01%, or say labs titan 2 as. per ton. ;man samples of aphaleri to gi s E no
indiction of conte1rirE' ai.y ;ndiuw as i reci t of orainary chemical tests.
le, it is re: orted th the ezaI!Ir>otion of 68 samples of sire blerdem, friar
vsrious - loca llties revealed t.ee presence f irclitra In 37. On the other he; r-t , It
has been estimated tbt.t i -western zinc -)nee ntrstes may run ae high ae oz.
per ton.
2. c m le:x ore containirg the sulfides of lead, zinc, iron, carpe', ; x 1.-ver
the indium Cor}oration of rice, rear Pitlgnw.r, ..ohr.vrt: c ~ ?srr y,
and gold, owned b1
Arizona, is reported to overage 1.93 oz. of i ivm per ton. It is c .ftime(i t.i,r-t
50,000 tons of ttiie ore has teen developed, e'.: uivt.lent to 96, 5C(: troy ounces of
Indium, or approximately one year's potential Frcc:ucticn cf by-product ir..L t w o t
Ana tda.
4-i~esea
.3. Zinc- wring miuArals of r 11,AL Sabr.lerite. The zinc con cent of
Ar*2.a is ' liable. It is probable that the iridium content is rou ,c+ly rt i car t~iot~n3,
to 't@ zinc. The more abundant of these minerals, anci hence those that are lik:t ly
.to eb*tribute most of the available indite. arc indicated by an asterisk(*) a r the
! Sowing alphabetical lists. The others, not so indicated, either ear.tai n air+-r
percentages of tine or they are relatively sct3_rce or of local interest. I ; 5*
almost curtain that they are of little 3*Iort.rnce as sotrces of indium, bc4+ t. C .
are presented for the sake of oomuplstenees or for their Academic Interest,
RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
Pj=gvtd_For Release 2001/11/21 : CIA-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
Approved For Release-2001/11/21
 C1A-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
d,ZX .let . H2O
,ie~r.~ex a ref. 1.531)
3. Itn, CU) (C4)2
i y( va,zn)G.6CaC.umo,A1 0~.65i43
(houl rphiu), k2n25iC or (Zn Cii)2.,UO or Zn4;;iO7(( C
a$#te , hn, Zn) 3 . V2,C5. H2O
to, 3ZnO;FO .4H;2O (index of ref. 1.5 )
L*b loop ?te, (Nn,Zp t}.Z,~n02.2~ C
Ch].ro nicito' 1O(Wn,Zn)C.As205.7kO
Glinted 'ite, Z . Ca.0.Si02.. H 0
Danali .. 3(Fi,Sri,Ltn)C.38eC.33i02(Fb n)S or (kse,Fe,Zr.,.J.n)?7ai30y2S or.
D"ab'dates (Fb al! (Pt,Zi)(0f)2 or 4t?b,Zn)C.V2C5.H20
8(M9,Vn,Z5)0.3Si02.2A2O
nits, (re,Zn 2n)(F9,! n 204
Gahbitt! Zzv1204 or ZnC. Ai20
Glancariaite, 3O(Zr,Cu)C.2f1aC3.S0,.7H2O
Z~Q j,~or Zr.C. 3.7ikQU
(aSseidctbearing spvleritre )
Ili a # Cs2ZaS-32G or 2CaO. Zn.1SiO2
s ( T4)2(Vw ) (SiO4)3
' ds bite (T. Calamine)
,#re, 27.. 2530H2O-
1 , 23 O.AIn .1i O (index of ref. 2. 344)
.45203.5 0
IWf 2Z O.2MnC .1:0 (Y, hetaerol~te)
-
02.23i2O
os# r 2;nC0-3.2Zn(nH) or 3Zn^.t:
r cits,, !G3? (? ) o
ito , $a9 U 05-8N O or Zn a20S.eii2C
1t'tuw i#..e, Zn,Fe.9g)t. (A34Fe)203
Lar eidite, !bZ tC_or I'bO.ZnO.5i02
Iagrandita, 26 i;;4. L$2C5.25H2O
S x ephaeuiai:te, ,&(;, n, Zn?Ce )c.3SiCr2. H2O
Lassen., 7(1 r ,%)d- - .5H^C
tiVt&.U tine` (Ta Ct) 0~
,Zn)O.3 2.tA5203.A5205
1 n, ZA C?m33..11%0
Zinc-bearing aragonite with zinc up to 10%, 1owui ir. it L.v :_ _,
tbeeretieal forwila possibly: 5ZnCO3.21CaCC3)
~GIA-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
(Pb,,Cn,V2g...-.1 ,Z)(CH)2.H2O or 4(Fb,Cu,Zn)C.V,.r'
y2I, 3 `e,tla)0.P 0 0
 .*e Iyi ? icju, i T. s 'o 3. '. ?D ~a 9 t. rar b e y .9ZC
Albs ,te $ n..Zho or
Zh, and a traoe of Ni thesr.t tea . foia6lt a_$ib13lI 6 42
Z3no.?Copper Vlele_nter te, Cue.Zn0.26u3, 12V ,.' I
73 tGMIuMl 1tt, 1Zr V4.4zbkUH)2.4"tUt')3,2tt2[J or b , 132v3~ . u
':- Isett t , ' (:Au,, Zia) I ASb i, Os c, ~~-
Zfnc*t4, aaO
a1sibe., ZnSC4.7HI0
4. XJUUA~k _but rbheh f Q_$itly rogjg"
e&strophyllite, (%!t,K)4(Fe,'l3r)4Ti(SC4)4
V."upper ores (such as tenrantite and tetrahedrits)
ti? * bnerite, Oy. .
?Phragopite, K1J~~14:1~S3 ~G~r,(CH), at 2K. O.1C(1ig,3''e)U.~t.I C~.12410..3P..C or
= , Mites (usua..-Iy consist of microcline or orthoclase, quarts attd txus~~+v
"e lenganotantalite, Mr.C(Ta,Cb)2C5
kH-x"?',F))3.tt493Al(5i?4)3 or H,d 3A1(5iU4)3 ? ~~art,r')~rg2att~~~tt.1
5. 1tlloys and 1bitai :alb which frequently eortin Ittdiwn, or t^ wbi
or (>lne,C4,UC2)z(CeY)2(Nb.T&)6C2
*3tderlte, FeC(,3
*Wolfrertite, (Fe,Mr)WOL
*Zircon, Zrtii04
The torrula is aa:retimas written 3(Ve,Ua, U1G2)0. ( 6,I)2C?(0b, I a:2
uranium oxiae. The yttrium oxides vary frost 6 to 15%, am the' 4erit*
oxides from ;c tc 6%. Tantalum nentoxide, Ta.,CS,. and columbium
pentoxide, Cb205(same as neobiue pentoxide, kb2C=Lke ui: abo t tai.
!SamrakiU, (Ye,Ca,U02) (Cer,Yttr,TnO-,ZrC2)3(NJb,Ta)6O 1. This rtineral is
e: se ntiall? a co1imbE.te taiobate & and tans Late of iron and c -1 c i.u
with the cerium(Der) end yttrliiin(Yttr) metals, together with
ir;1'hot. te, Fewer or Fe,cSy or FeUS12, ectual'y *arise from Ft 56 to Fe1;r,::A
iodon.Fte, 1 0
'Pyrite FSS2
- tadmiua, Cd
Cobalt, Co
Gallium, Ga
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iron ~ui1ic'e, FeS,Fe;;. cr.u
Lc F ii gulf `nf , ,PbS
Tha lin n, T1
Fe, o-
? e a .a : .-j'ruu, acts at s-elter. sna other ;aetallur 1cr 1 srt
L.:eirufscturin ;.lbnts, atic:l ast
LLg-mouse lame
E1ve rowrdt-r fro.,. cisti ~,F:t i, n of zinc ore_
Ixr;: furr,:.cc flu UuEt
CndTitzm-beAririg flue dt.~st
CHd;r,it. i -:)nge (C..L4 t (.< uz. ner tor)
Calcines
Chloriae fuse (C'.25 to C.? oz. per tor)
Ctloridized calcir.e: (f .? t , C. 5 oz. per ton'
Cobalt cake (4 to 5 oz.. c* r tot.)
Conder-eed flue dust er( 1 u i ? fro-r, br&E6-r d, to nr ; urr:aces.
Copier blast-furnace fume
Co.,t,er cate (C.f.; to per ton)
Cottrell plant Arne
Lietiliatior: t.lr.nt uu,t hro fr.ne
Liectrrlytic plant dust e,-,, fume
riltraticr. ple:rt sluar=es arca residues
Flue .:ust (frDT rcr.st.ir rut rem, l+.inh; ftrrt.ac , Hnu sinterirg :larha s;
ii-ice (from r,)ast.in1- furnAe s Hnu .=intf ring .. >,~i, *1E~)
furnace fumes
Leek: blast-furry; ce fmr
i,ithiorone (lent b -prnctfct::- t--rd rE.iducs
~c ?. lur~;icr.l reE ue ,
;'(finery re6.aidud,s 11 t1cctr i vtie 711:c
F.csidues fr-)r:. Electr;)lytic s ad refireries
Ito.. ting-furnace fume
S11r'iver care (C.C4 to (.15 or.. pw-r tor-)
Sirtering machfre oust ar~d fate
;,melter by-products
Vat recidurc from clectrol,vtic zinc plants
Vat reciducs fro: zinc l i .,Tors in the mr,nufscurc of lithopone
Zirc dust formed Jr rthe ci:-t,11l,,tlon of zin^ crcE
Zirc residues (0,25 to o7. r*r ton)
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 Approved For Release 2001/11/21 : CIA-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
A Est of Uses and iw Uses of ta>liw
Ago-hardening of aluminum ally
Ago-hardening of opr ally
Aircraft inotrassvnt protsstion against damage by salt wtsr sprs`T
Airplane engine bearings
Airplane prspsllses
Alloy ago.uardening
Alloying tngredisnt for silver
Alloys
Almainns alloy a -hardening
Amalgams (dental)
Au *%-,aaeob ile harm
Rabbits
Ball bearings
Band instruments
Barber chair and equipment trig
Bearings
Bearing surfasss
Brass band tnhtrarnto
Brasing alloys
Bus engines
Cadsaina conservation
Cadaiusti?ind is,. alloys
Cadaiasa?ailssr bearings (plating of J
Cartridge oasis
castings (dental)
Coat silver
Ceramics
Chocking osidatism
Ch )
ssii oafs (beat )msoa ws trishl ar ids, b C11 i sul$ bs, ley
seaquitids, ins%
Clips
Close-Mloranas plating
Costing for sILIwr
Colorant in giaaa (Yellow)
Combat airerat.. t lag Umo bearing
Cvdpotmda
Compressive strength in dwbal al}o3%
Ccsurarvation of Other metals
cent"t points (el+sstri+sal)
Control rods (mango)
Copper alloy sge?.isasisslni
Coppsr.tndium alleys
Copper-lead beartage
corrosion resistant
472tndsc mil pr.tssiien
Wry equipasiat oeati*g$
D o atiw f iaiahsr
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6AO 000
 Approved'For Release 2001/11/21: CIA-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
DMUI Sumo
DrmW1 ate' ^s! mititipmak 1rla
halal lsiA
a1 :tra
Diawi asrtw w-i-N
plM.siw -asst
Duww" ot=lrtlaa~as 1W
UM.ttriatl .mw. .
=>~ U'lMat iwrlkal at '~ ett*t 1Ir.aasl
13w*ila; a.rta2 .wl1...a
Flo* .~.o and domu, equip -t.
p2m wj
?.we rr. tats,..
pmwwuia- tmw+aasatr
p 1'
03400 4AM" Iutlait. ow she" Ught
j
uIpme *UAW
S dot atlas imp^~iw t1D at pr . AIL)
ilri
I
filar (oaths)
a~as
m"Va w to a.tsl.
mtiw. (sat tar? trta)
bsI 'ssl ?*i.a w;i*s.
i.&--rrA
!s ramp,
wow- "Oftaft
"r
.
a" SLUM)
.
: awe
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1Llitsory 1000
l~isr.rs (rrsat-onorfaosd)
assbant for die sttiifs
?.ba ' ear trft
ltnst.al instruosats
1t.brl.tMt' alleys
loe osetvs ive eoatina
ago-fo rcw astal plating
Ortt.al slaw
Optical goods (platia[)
Oro nano
Oxidation resistant
Pharsao.ut i ala
rtn hels wearing
listen protcttica
fluting parts ter raashinat guns
Plungers (oramm")
lblisbsd titttosS
Pr psil.rs (airplsn.s )
PP.tection of artals against .rganto aids in lirienats
lrotc.tion od' astals against salt-mater spray
i att & Whitney .n gins
R.fl.otors (plating)
R.s.aroh
R.. istane. to tarnish
Rif 1. Clips
R.lls-goyso aircraft engine bearings
salt spray prete.tion
Searchlights (refle.tors)
Notting-ohmage r.sistanss
Shoulder bushing (.rdnonos )
Silver alley ingredient
8i1yer-4adiua bsartnga
8 tlvsrware
Small arm bearings
8a&11 pins (Ia. hinges at sp.ots.lss )
Swearing to close pta holes
Solders (isIr.assa fusibility and usttift qualities)
soluble amee"
spsotaole tram hingme
Stability, Imaream at ow is
stssl-basrsd, bearings
Steel blsiis prep.ilsrs
steel prst..rti.a (attar a tlaah c.atlug of as ter .rb l)
Steel rods (plating)
Strength is rwrs of dental a11sa (so prrsive)
surface dit'!'nr-i~an
ass'faw bare!r-sas
Svrgt.al ins tw omanla platias
8ynttwti. ae ft-wa1arials
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 Approved Fdr. Release 2001/11/21 : Cl8 - P80-00926A0005
nsv'r.# been so identified miner._io?-ictl..y, ara these 'rhertin It is held mcc"r-,
or 3ssitibl y it so1ic ro 1" "tior..
sulfide or essoeiatea with sulfide ores. The minerals wherein it is i:3und ME' *
divined ir.too two cinssee, nh_meiy ttose known to contain ger,ar_niur as a com.--ottl -Ond?
Geraianius is widely uistributed ixa lature, but it occur:: usually in :a:irsert it *k acre`~-V'*-.
very rare or in more abundant .n,nerals in minute ~~usntities. It is ua:~.1'_y t.?~ e, ae 4K
"'`? .
Ur y, 1 hi Fi ! ~'Tl. a?S'C~uY ?_ &: fl yi_ r ii ere listed os Iola(-!i:.
rertkl, tt.r. su -oy-ia_F; fro`: rFreiberg, Gernar.x'.
ur.t1 taI_:C` ir. t..: -_iv?r raj res 3f 3rro. Eolivia-.
fix : t isoi.e ted tte ;iet-, l i>.-:-, L
snf' e.l~i te,4Jg S. (Sn,,Ge )5.,, c, i:_;- fro- i.. a- ' : I titanium.
i - i ? - asS std bo fl*Nal effects.
y moo l ctlcros in steel.
propitrtiias- rs1* ? ier, ate,
*pp t s i> crib ireit.
7. 7 t Tmdia for I G par-efts.
-80 ; ~, s~4r0anta, b 1. ~qb R ~glrr~s r s rig rs. eto.
L U*a L ,
!6. 'fiWber.
I. tao' ao"eW eM ryroiS&rt;c*s.
xb. Catlra.
. "igaeut~s etsA their p Y a ,e ref i * r" v t ?rc-+a rt is s .
. toots u? t*rrootive ist~'iaar~.
1$.' i trpa3.?
.Q, rolti Ai re test aunts.
sa'it1 bT3~oks.
. !'fR aa7 r~absrie1s a-nd o*?Sfl ca, ;lamer. enaaeia,
1. ,` .*tills,
fir; !~ rods.
.' esth?4' '
. ord.
,~> etto -tivu.
itr"ext fix tins.
bW,Aia pentexida liberation.
lloab#0e4 19 Puss so irsm ?
yetis spso3al ap pIleat io nr .
glaaaes
1/1x 1 : CIA-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
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M. "MANMY.
staeic
Wots4 not strictly oonfideatial, but not for , er ral ciroulatiorc,
1* t ale, muter la, gassy; end other &Ubsts oss which may hw . inare*Awd
oomrmsroial inbsrost owitr to their association with the d 4olo t of
* hsse its are of special importance.
, otini= (r.d.iosct5 )
? b. rnwt (for cooling pipes)
Bart
*Berylll (for cooling gapes
+Bisa .ith (molten, for cooling; solid, for coolittf; Piles)
Boron
Bromine
?-Cwd ium (rtbsarber
*Carbon (noderator`
Chemicals (in uranium ahomiotrf,
Chlorine
*Conorete (shieldinz)
COr'osiaa-,tesisttnt alloys
letector materials (rhMiurt, inl:4.t, tk'. -,,e'
:~erttor1. (Davy iy, 1ro en%
.,yspros!= (Pbuorbcvr`
:;ur'opitu^ (nbsortwr,;
Fluorine
+I'luorite %
lsdolixtiu m (ebso'Aer;
*Iplliura (in ell4yaf c:- in stanici reseE rv :,
,ex- aniLua (3:~t ~ lloys; and srt ata,is rusoc,ra .`
+"raohite+ (mod rotor= unu9 in ``,)ale'' construction;
*''.~a`^* ctor ' oc'.er tort
;'~r 11 r (for 0011-t
`Iydrt v en
::odium (de ectorf end as foil)
iod!xw (dekootor.
I -ant}
.Tend (foln coo'?.th; 'pipes; mn,11 for u!:le 1.1i_n},
;,ithi!im ,i
*t'ng,z3erit t t for coolie{: p?per
',c+ rcu iy
10tel foil$
..oderators (carbon, [;re_)hite, }wvf wte. ;
?:tarmzito (source of thor i?-tr:;
.:itro;'eh
C;y,;en
t1.ladi ce
araffin
o1on
Approved For Release 2001/11/21 : CIA-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
 ,Approved For,Ielease 2001/11/21 : CIA-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7
1Rotlot n4A= (radioaoti . )
Redim (r digeatiwe)
Aadiaaatlvs ,stiaerals )----
Rbodima (deteotor)
Selenium
faaarium (absorber)
?St..l (shielding)
Tellurium
*Tin (for oooling pipes )
Thorium (rod idles t i've )
Titan4um (*lloyyst rsfraatories; at:anSc rezcu,- 'Tasgsten
?Ursninito (important =ii ni l a srcc
OAr ite (important m ine r i a o iroe '
"Jrsuium (chief source of fissioneblo s ntor1rai;,
iJr.nium-b.srltag mi:rerals {se. s e+t liet,
Water (for oooling)
*Zino (for aoolin#; pipes
2troontwi
Approved For Release 2001/11/21 : CIA-RDP80-00926A000500030017-7