INVENTORY OF RESOURCES PRESENTLY AVAILABLE FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS' PLANING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01065A000100010009-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 74
• Document Creation Date: November 11, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 16, 1999
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: January 5, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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PSYCHOLOGICAL STRATEGY BOARD
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
January 5, 1952
INVENTORY OF RESOURCES PRESENTLY 2ITAILABLE FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERAT I0]' S' rLA N1 IAG
This document was prepared by a panel under the supervision
of the staff of the Psychological Strategy Board. It is not a
board-approved document, but is available on request for
distribution to departments charged with the conduct of psycho-
logical operations, for use as a planning checklist. (Reference:
Minutes, Seventh Meeting of the Psychological Strategy Board,
December 20, 1951).
Col. USA
Executive Officer
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CONFIDENTIAL
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I :x TOZY OF ItbOURcnb Pi . PI,3.TLX AWi LADIT FOR PSXCHOLOGICAL OflRATIOi1S' PI 1i D1G
SECTION I
INTRODUCTORY STATT1 I NT
PURPOSE,
1. This is intended to be a catalogue of the techniques and means
of power presently available for the psycholo io 1 support of U. S.
national security objectives. It should be regarded as basic reference
information, designed t?:rith the thought in rind that its users may not all
be specialists experienced in psychological operations.
2. The purposes of this Invontorsr
(a). To provide a chock list of sources available for
research and development in fields of endeavor
applicable to psychological operation's planning
and prograruning;
(b). To provide a compilation of agencies to be used
as a guide to available media for the impler.)enta-
tion of psychological plans and policies;
(c). To provide material for a prelivinary survey
report of present U.S. psychological operations.
3. This inventory is not intended as an appraisal of the adequacy
of existing programs, or as a vehicle for policy recommendations. It
does not include an assessment of the facilities available in the cold
t-ar in terms either of their relative importance in e. particular situation
or of the application of techniques to specific targets or objectives.
4. The circumstances of use of the resources included here -- the
integration of the instrument per se into a strategy of action -- rill
determine the role which psychological forces can play in support of
national objectives. This can be measured in the last analysis only in
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terms of plans, which represent the systematic harnessing of selected
ideas to instrumentalities within the framework of established organization.
5. A separate PSB study will be devoted. to an invc,ftory of existing
policies and plans. In addition, it is contorplated that PSB will
develop and issue for the guidance of departments and agencies a series
of staff memoranda analyzing inventoried techniques and establishing
doctrines for their application.
SCOPE
1. Production of an inventory of these resources at the disposal of
the U.S. Government for the purposes of psychological strategy required,
at the start, an attempt to define terms and clearly establish intentions.
This is especially necessary in view of the scope of such strategy, and.
the varying views of its missions and methods.
2. It is assumed that we are concerned with the instruments at our
disposal for affecting in our favor the minds, attitudes and rolcv^nt
actions of foreign peoples, of individuals, groups, and governments. In
listing these instruments, two considerations create difficulty. One is
that few aspects of American life or government are devoid of potential
psychological significance for foreign audiences. The other is that the
nature of relevant action responses abroad to an aspect of the U.S, may
vary in terms of individuals, groups, or situations. Although anything
may be made a "weapon", its "target" depends on the given situation.
Hence it becomes necessary to impose certain restrictions on'-the scope
of this inventory.
3. For example, our national instruments for the exercise of direct
force, direct negotiation, or direct manipulation are governed primarily
by their on functions. But all three forms of action are intimately
related to the use and success of psychological strategy, and. much psy-
chological leverage depends upon, or is a by-product of, their existence
and calculated application.
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4. It will be necessary to preserve the distinction between such
sources of psychological effects, and the instruments for manipulating
these effects. Otherwise we foster the fallacy that psychological
strategy determines, rather than supports, the totality of U.S. policies
and actions. The elements of any U.S. agony responsible for dealing
with the psychological implications of the agency's activity are con-
sidered instruments for the purpose of this inventory. i;ny agency within
or apart from the Government whose activities might have psychological
effects should also be considered in this light.
(a). For instance, U.S. atomic production capacity is clearly
a major component in the shaping of psychological respon-
ses abroad to U.S. policy. Thus psychological considera-
tions might at .same time play a part in U.S. atomic ener-
policies, and the psychological implications of atomic
energy could be properly exploited.
(b). The U.S. standard of living is a major and constant con-
ditioning factor in the minds of peoples abroad. It
cannot be in any important degree concealed, or raised
or lowered in accordance with our purposes. Presumably,
given a decision either to maximize or to minimize the
material rewards of a free society, the resources
enumerated in this inventory could be selectively util-
ized for that task. In short, the U.S. standard of
living is a fact or a concept, not an instrument. It
can be exploited but not manipulated; it is therefore
excluded from this list.,
ORI~ANSZATION
1, An inventory of instruments for psychological operations falls
basically into two catogoriest
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(a). Agencies available for planning and programming of
psychological operations including private indivi-
duals and organizations with a store of accurulated
knozledge and experience directly related to various
facets of psychological operations.
(b), Instruments for utilization in the tranoriission or
dissemination of psychological pros, actions or
riatorials, including organizations, persons, media,
and devices available as carriers of psychological
operations techniques.
lithin these tvo general categories, virtually all psychological
plane and operations can be undortaken. No survey would, however, be com-
plete unless an attempt were made to Provide at least a preliminary listing
of the specific programs, techniques, and actions that are available to
psychological planners and operators. To preparo an exhaustive listing
this type, however, would involve an attempt to categorize the psychologi-
cal ramifications of the totality of U.S. power, and would moreover involve
itemization of actions whose psychological effect is only secondary to
another primary objective,
3. Finally, in order that any listing of such actions avoid the
suggestion that psychological operations are intendod to form rather than
serve policy, no actions have been listed that do not fall within existing
Ct.S. policy. The following inventory is therefore divided into three parts:
Agencies for Planning and Programming (Section III/II);
Instruments for Transmission and Dissemination (Section
IV/III);
(c), Fields of Endeavor (Section V/IV),
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CORRI ^NDA
SECTIOPI III
page 1, Para 1 add National Research Council
National Security Resources Board
Foreign Activities F3i'anch
delete POCC
under ECA add Office of Special Representative (Paris)
Research Branch
under AEC insert Director of Intelligence
Bureau of Linos #: Geodetic Survey
pare 2 delete Protocol Staff
page 3, pars 2 add Public Advisory Groups
#oard of Foreign Scholarships
Advisory Ccru,ittee on Conn. Activities of
Foreign Service
Do crtnental taff of Cow. on Lducational
Lxclbange
Departinental Staff of Corzz, on Inforration
International Development Advisory Board
Joint Industry and Rubber '?anel
fationa'>. Corrission for Ui .'SCO
Advisory Coitteo on Voluntary Foreign Aid
I.'.utual &ocurity Advisory Corm ittee
page 5, para 5 insert under last. Chief of Staff for Intelligence
Intelligence .dvisory Cori iittee
page 7, para 6 delete Bureau of I ;odicinc and Surgory, etc*
page 9, pare 7 delete Surgeon General, etc.
page 11, Para 9 delete President's Cosy. Policy Board
&E, C ITY INFORl ATIO1
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page 12, pera 15 add Bureau of Foreign Corxaerce Corir . on Reciprocity
Information
page 14, add Tolstoy Foundation
page 15, delete Council for Dorlocracy
page 17, para D delete :. port Advertisers Association
SECTION IV
page 1, under AEC delete Director of Intelligence
page 2, pare 2 insert The Protocol Staff
page 2, Para 3 add ;"ilitery '1iasions (A.ttaches, etc.)
page 6, Para 3 delete %:.llied Control Council for Gormany
Allied Council for Japan
Far Eaotern Comtriasion
add Council of Lurope
European Payments Union
page G, add ':'orld Foderation of UN Associations
page 9, add Iron Curtain Refugee Comrsittee
page 11 add "Groups"
Special Correspondents Overseas
Columbia Broadcasting System
Uillian 5. Paley
Eduard R. I iurroyi-
National Broadcasting Corpany
insert under Radio Free Europe
C. D. Jackson
insert under Individual Carriers
X.'inston Churchill
Carlo, Sforza
page 12, pars E~ read former Governor Luther Youngdahl
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INTRODUCTION
(Section III/II
This listing includes established offices t-rithin the U.S. Govern-
mnent and organizations outside the Government, which might be of use
in programming psychological operations. It is not intended to suggest
specific programs, nor to presume that each of the offices listed
slxmZ,d be brought into psychological operations' program planning.
However, individuals engaged in specific projects may find in this
list points of reference for enlarging and/or enhancing thoir pro-
posals. This can serve as a guide; it is by no means Recessarily
to be followed.
* Section III is now Section II
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S::CTION III
1.G c; CIMS TIC III. 2 `II. - JIM AID E0GPJ I_, G
A. U.S. Goverisent Denise
1. The ti.ve
The Cabinet
The r`ationa7. Security Council
Uutual ocvrity Agency
^conoric Cooperation Ac~ministration
Atomic : nergy CorTAssion
Council of r.conor.'ic Adviser
i'sycliological StratoJ7 Board (POCC)
Ccntr.1 IntclliCcnce - ency
2. The Depart nont of :ate
The Soerotery of State
Special .asistant for Atomic ~rergy
The Under Seerotc y of .tato
Intornationa1 Security Affairs - wecretariat
The Icecutivo " ecr eteriat
rotocol Staff
Counselor
k?'oassador at Large
F oreizn 5orvico Institute
Division Foreign Service I=orsonnc].
Legal 1,eviser
.ssistant Legal "clvisor 2o+ Public t$fairs
13ssistant L3gcJ. t'_dvisor l or Treaty Affairs
1 ssistant Lcgc.i ACvi er poi" United ;'stion:
:.seistant Lcgal ~".dvisers for Gcoz-;rc.phic Areas
TI-a ?Dc uty under ;jeerotc:.r?-y for : oliey
a C1 T IT I 'O~i 1 is
1
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S ClR T,.z IT10#11 n
The . olicy Planning Staff
L6,ijotant aecrotcrtj for Congressional relations
r:3sistant Secrethxy for IT LX-fairs
Office of International : dniniitration and Conferoncos
0_fice of U, aocial ane conoi is t (fairs
0f ice of U: olitiCC.1 and Security . fairs
Planning Staff
eft ees anc Displaced Porsons Staff
'.~ sistax t ; .ec 'etery for , ublic ".(fairs
i ,recutive .oci etariat POCC
ilublic Lf`fairs _ _dvisory Staff
U SCC Rolations : taff
Office of Public .:'ffairs (Da eotic)
Spoeia]. A istrmt for Intelligence
Office of Intelligence iLeseereh
-ssiatant b;;c:- taxy for Intor-.: crican affairs
iublic _" fair- Ldvisor
G ographicz'3. pub-division Desks
1i sistcnt wecre tcry for 7tlropo -n . -ffairs
Au7)lic 1if.~airs ,;Idviaor
Geogra.plv.ca.l Sub-division Jeska
Assistant _c.ecretar 7- for Par Dastorn lifiairs
t?rlic ? a.7.re ..:clviscr
Goo; rapMca:?. Iub-division Desks
- .csis trait ueerAary for i;eer ;-,astern, .outh Asian and frican l.ffairs
ublic LIfs '.dviscr
Gee mra hieol $ub-ctivision Desl.c
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Director of German :..ffairs
Office of Public ' ft.irs
Office of Political Affairs
Office of ycono: is Affairs
txsi :tent secretary for Ecororic Affairs
Cf.-'L'ice of Einancicl and Development Policy
Cffice of r rans-oort anc' Co::iunications Policy
Cffiee of International i aterials .'olicy
Office of liconoric )efense and ?:raddo ; olicy
Technical Cooperation &ainistration
Director of lublic .;S .firs Staff
Dcrcrtraental CosT. ittees
Econoric Probler.:s of the Collectiv i :easu;^os Cori^3.ttee
port 'cquiror eats Cor ;ittoe
Dopcxtr?.ental Co iiittoe on Lena. ' eforv
c.-L-ionalizo,tion C l eiris Policy Com, ttoe
Cor..ittce on l robleiis of Dependent L.reas
Korean ^eliof a;.nC. -3habilitetion Corrxrittoe
1 rivileges and Lm unities ?tor king Grou;
'olicv Cora Attee on Ludgration and i` aturalization
soviet; Corr,ittee on Visual and 'udio I atcrials
;finder ecrctea: is Advisor;, Conittoe
nitre) i;ationo LiaiE?on Coi iittoo
3. In terdo?2artrnental Corr.ittees
Intordepertr.ientcl Working Group on ai C1,:C
.-dvisory Cor^:ittee on .:Tort Policy
Intor g:, jT-r Coy :}ittee on Food and ;ricultwce
Inter-agency rood Coutittee
12, ocy.irerients
Coi ittoo on iorci'n Supplies and
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rr .~r.rr~. ~rrir
I,.
Corvitteo on Gorr an Dobt Settlement
Government Patents Hoards
Corrittee on International Pctroloum Policy
ivational Ldvisory Council on International Monetary and Financial
Problems
Interdepartr-,;ntal :c'visory Council on Technical Cooperation
Interdepartnontal Cornittoe on Trade rgreements
United !rations conoiaic Cormaittee
Southeast :.sia .'id Comm ittee
Cornittee on International 5eettirity Lffairs
State-Defense : "ilitary Information Control Corrittee
1 orhing Croup On OF Collective i'teasures
Com dtteo on Iiurian sights and Status of Uomen
Corrdtteo on Labor
Carnitttoe on :Ton-Solf-governing Territories
Interd.opertr!ental Cor r ittee on Prisoners of
,iir Coordinating Cc m: ittee
Inter departriental Radio Advisory Coon;,ittee
$-=:tipping Coordinating Corm-ittee
Telocos rzunications Coordinatin ; Con i3ttee
DQrArtr.ont of )ofonso
O .ice of the Socretary
Deputy 4ecretary of Defense
Special assistant to the Deputy Secretary
Assistant to tho Secretary for International security a'_ffairs
Office of Foreign iiilitary # ffairs
Off ice of kicrth :.tlantic Treaty Lffair8
Office of Vilitary Assistance
":mod Forces In:c'oniation and drcation Division
III - 4
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Armed orces tStaff: Collega
#.rv.o6 ?orecs Industrial College
Eational '.ar Collago
Mice ice of :Public Inforrrztion
ilitary Liaison Con'ttteo to ABC
'oa pons ; Js Lena vcluc,tion Group,
Joint C1'iQfs of `_taff
Director of the Joint Stafa?
Director of Cootiunieation3s and :"leetronice
Chief of the Joint ::Lbsidia y I'lans Division
I:unitions r>oFrc?
Vice C.hair.'cn for International Progrems
forth .tlantic Trcety Organisation Standing Group
:'sycholo -icL:1 - crfaro Of ficor
osoarch anc' T)ovelo; Bent '":oard
Go thttce on Hw: a Resources
5. Dot)cary:,.c! t of t e .~S.rnr
Soeretary o: the _ a.y
S ooial .'Qciatant to the I ecretery
5 aeeia.? '.scista.:it for Occur .ed :_reas
Chief of Sta ff T.-.C. Array
Dw, ty CTiie o staff for Flans
Chief o:' Lu` orr_ation
Firms and I olic?r 0^i ice
Co; m n6 and Gonerr1 3t "f Co11Ego
As,aistant Chief of %tal" Eor Intelligence
flans and Coordination -;rcnch
Dissm:ination Branch
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-stiraates ?'ranch
wp?cial 7.esearch Pranch
G^o;rophic,al Sub-division "ranches
ssistont Ci ief of '.Aaff or Cporationc
D p ty To..- ..tonic >nergy
Dorut:? for Guided I.issilos
osrei n i ilitai?y i:?issions
Cporrtions Divicion
:Tans Division
International Branch
:-olicy PlanninC Branch
voisit ? _ Mans Pr4ch
Axe-; - I ar . Tans ranch
LLssistant Chief of Staff for LoCistics
Flans Division
Research anc?. Devc? of .ent Division
Chiof of the Corps of ':;nciueers
Intelligence Division
osearch and DevcloX.,.e_tt Division
Chief of the Chw::iccl Corps
rlans 't`reinin- and In elli-sn_co Division
C. Tice a ~ the ?ovost 1 arshl Cenral
I1ilitazy Governs ent Divicion
C ff ice of tho Chief of Crdn.nee
Intol.liCa ice and `'ecurity Division
Cl-l icc of the Judo . _cavocat.. General.
Intcrnation&.l Lc ttronch
Cf'fice of the Chief of Psycholo .cal ! JErfare
sycholoeicol C.-)orations Division
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Recuirerents Division
.poai.a]. O;ao e.tipnq 3 pion
(Ilm-,r:n :resources :'~esaerc:i Office)
Office of Chief Signal Officer
Plans and. Operation Division
O:tfice of the Surgeon General
Special Projects G ffice
Research and : ,aalysis Board
Office Chief of Transportation
'ilitrsy : lrnnir.t and Iu ,clli ;once Division
6. Deis rt font of the Ya r
The q-.ecretery of the ;a.vy
The Under E ocreta;:?y of the I avy
Lrccisl r_.-,s: strmt to the Under 1 ecrctary for Research and
:evcloent
Chief of Inform tion
Office of i'av;,l Lesoarch
ar^ Plans Division
11-1lnan Rcsourcee Division
ro.i mss ane. Projects Research Division
pecia? evices Division
^ireau of .:'eronautics
Forei(;n Relations Security Division
?'a;.? lens Coors ination Division
Assistant Chief Resecreii and Develop ont
Special ^ruiprient
Judge ldvocato General's Division
International Law branch
ur eau for i .odicine and Sur ;ery
Defense Division
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Special oapons Iodicine Division
Military ~ ea Transport Service
Plenninr; Division
:'_ssistant Chief of Staff (Operations)
Chief of Laval Operations
General Planning Group
i.evc.1 Coriunicationc Division
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air)
Guided i?tissiles Division
Electronics Division
Foreign lir'. Branch
Special. Devices Branch
'ratoriel Control Division
Forci n I iilitery " s sistxnnce Branch
Deputy Chief of ilava,1 Operations (Operations)
.ssistant for JCS and FATO Affairs
Fleet Operations ?lanning Branch
International t -'f airs ?svision
Office of Veval IntelliGenco
Strategic a lane Division
_toirdc P,norgy Division
O)crational eadiness Division
NNei, Developronts and Operations :,,valuation Drm oh
Plans and Coordination Branch
Hunan -Resources Drench
Assistant Chief for I vc,1 Operations (Undersea Warfare)
P.nti-subrl:arino "lerfaro Plans and Intelligence
Research and Developnent Drench
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Bureau of Ordnance
Plana and Progress Division
Foreign Sid ranch
Research and Development Division
Dvroau of shins
Support end Countorreasurea Division
I?uclocr over Division
7. D6partricnt of the Lir Force
Secretary of the Ur Force
Special lssistant for Over$cas Bases
Special :"ssistant for Special Projects
Chief of I;taf_ U.S. _ir Force
Director of Public Relations
Strgoon General
i odical. Research Division
Deputy Chief of taff for Development
Director of research and Dovclopnent
Hui.an Resources Division
flcsearch Division
Deputy Chief of staff for 3..ateriel
.s,.scistant for Logistics Plans
Director of Transportation
Director of Installations
Jar Flans Division
Deputy Chief of Staff Operations
Assistant for fir T'c.ses
Assistant for Atonic Ener r
Director of Consminications
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DI "4w of ntc],]. ,gone
" Tweets Jivis4oa
`eti.tes Division
volution Division
Policy Division
Director for Operations
Control Division
Operations ,analysis Division
:tonic :arfare French
Combat Operations 'ranch
Director of Plans
Foreign. Yilitsry .^soistanco T?ranch
Policy Division
Intornetioral ranch
Psychological '.arfere Division
Chericel and Biological T u.rfare Tear.
Plans and. Policur Teen
Psychological Warfare Teen
Special Oporations Tee
11m Cm ecourco research Institute
.r l:.ns Division
Mr Force Operations - 4_torie ,nergvr
Operations Division
Research and :evcloment Division
S. Defense Depertrent Joint Agencies
., _n. ec1 'orecs special capons Project
a~e:ciil Projects Division
oapons a)ovcloix ont Division
:.epons - i"ects Division
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S CTJ ITY Ii~r P k.Tlei1
Joint C .fiefs of ftaff
Advance ,'study Cormiittee
Intelligence Gone ltteo
Intelligence Group
Intelligence Objective Agency
Strategic Plans Corittee
Strategic Plans Grotip
Strategic E urvoy Corrittee
i:orth Atlantic Ocean Region.]. Planning Group
;,'IAPF Liaison Office
:resident t s Corut nications Policy ILoard
Comittee on the .rred 2orees 3duoation T rogram
Iritish Joint Services i"ission
10. aconox is Cooperation A_c'i.ini.stration
Sta: f Coziziitt.e 3'oreign F upply and F.ecuircznents
-'issistant for Nation-P.1 ~ ocurity _. 'fairs
Assistant for Progresn
Zurope
Far ", st
Financial Policy and. Trade Development
l.ssistant for Supr,)ly
Transportation Division
Office of Iaforiyation
Mans ': Research
i ublic i_avisory Board
U. Treasury
Of:~W'Too of Iuternationcl Finance
Bureau of Narcotics
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Bureau of Custons
Cor aissionor of ...ccounts
Foreign Obligations -Division
126 AiAtico
Mien Property Custodian
Ir ir. gration and i'iaturtlization Sorvice
Board of p 1.s
13. ?q$ LE W
Division of International ervice
14. rjculturg
Director of Foreign i g 'icultural Lcononics
Agriculture research ^drinistration
Production and Iiarketing aclrairiistration
15. Co rce
4.ssistant Leeretary for International Affairs
Director of the Office of International Trade
16. Labor
Office of International Labor ~.ffairs
Bureau of '. omen's '_ffairs
B. Conrrosoional Co:yittoes
1. Sonat_
2.ppropriatione
:Armed :jorvices
Finance
Foeciun Relations
Interstate and Voreign Cozerce
Interior and Insular Affairs
2, House
~_ppropriations
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-.nri}tecl ~C, 01?vices
Iduoation and Labor
Foreign ffairs
Interior and Insular Lffairs
Interstate and Foreign Corznerce
merchant I'arino and Fisheries
Un-Ar1erican Activities
3. Joint Cormittoes
Atonic anergy
Defense Production
C. IS bsG o r un+~a3 .A on+a3be oi''fteeareh * VVlno-.
Institute of International Relations (Yale)
Operations Research Office (, a,uns hopakins University)
school for Ac?vancec: International studies (Johns Hopkins University)
Research and Dovclo DLlent Corporation
fluesit. :institute (Colunbia University)
ro ject " or I- tudy of Center poraxy Cultures
Ruesian fleseaxch Center (7-arvard University)
hoover Library (Stan-..'^' ord University)
)
Southeast >'.sia ;'rsa Progrm: (Cornell University)
Far ",ant anc Russian Institute (University of ashington)
International i?rblic Opinion Research
Research - cervices Ltd. (London)
l.,"rican Institute for Public Opinion
Fore. Foundation
Institute for ,':evinced Studies (i rinoeton University)
'oekafellor Foundation
Center for International studies (i:ass. Institute of Tech.)
University of Chicago
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Urdvcrsit;r of Illinois
:Tetr School for Social Research
rroolcings Institute
Carnegie Corporation of Nei! York
Carnegie EndoEmont for Intornationcl reaee
Carnegie Foundation for the 'cvancenent of Teaching
Co_zlon?;ealth Fund
Diplomatic Lffaire Foundation
TToar 3ast Foundation
Field Foundation
Daniel and. Florence Guggenheir. Foundation
Josiah racy, Jr., Foundation
Phelps-.toi.es Fund
General Education 3oerd, Rockefeller Foundation
Russell :ae.ge Foundation
Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Tuontieth Century Fund
? illiari C. - "iitney Foundation
..ooc?ro'r Filson Foundation
IT:-tional :: ducation :' scociation
ast Institute
Institute of Pacific Pcletions
Public Lffairs Cour::ittce
flese.rch Bureau for Post i:ar Bconoxiy
Institute of Current .orld h ffairs
tTorle Governr.iont I:ssoeiation
Ec.tional Gcoc c. phic - ociet r
,thnogoorraphic ':oard
i'Tational Policy Cor iitteo
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ixericcn Council on world i fcirs
Institute on 'orld Organization
Cora,ittoe for Present Danger
ITational Foreign Trade Council
U.S. ahsociation on T'orlc' -t..ff airs
(2:tuiicipal Chambers of Coriorce - Foreign Doparrmonts)
China Institute of Lnerica
Arorican ,,siatie Association
Citizens Conference on International 3conoiies
Con itteo for Bcononic Dovelopment
Institute of International ;ducation
Council for D.nooracy
Corr.'ittec for Free Lurope
Institute for F?ational :ctuoation
Foreign Policy 'asociation
Council on oroign Relations
.nerican i{edoration of Labor
Congress of Industrial Organizations
International Institute of ,^ riculture
Free 'orld ?ssociation
Institute on Post s'ar Reconstruction (;d.v.U.)
Council for Inter-rioriean Cooperation
Labor Research .'ssociation
&.raerican I'oritinio Council
.:r-.erican Academy of Political and Social Science
,.merican Arbitration Association
Lzierican kusocia.tion for the I.dvancement of Science
American ssociation for the United I;ations, New York
..merican Issociation for the UIT, Chicago
III - 15
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.1,nerican Council on Zucation
!.i ci icon ""conomie ,ssociation
Arnerican Institute of _rchitectc
The -incrican Legion %
Anerican Political Scionce -'..:ssociation
Ar. criean Public Relations ~_ssoeiation
&~criean Society of International Law
P tlantic Union. Cori ittee
Catholic i.ssociation for International Peace
Chamber of Comzorce of the U.S.
Cornitteo for the International Trade Organization
Corir_1 ttec on "oven in orld . f fr irs
Corron Cause
I'ar-:ast --'neriean Council of Corinaree and Industry
Federal Union, Inc.
Institute for Intercultural ,tudies., Inc.
Institute of Ethnic Affairs
Institute of ':orld iffairs
Institute on ' orld Organization
National z^..ssociation for the .-~dvancer.ient of Colored People
National Conference of Christians and Jews
Iational Council on the 'Prevention of :;ar
Pan Pacific ":omen's :'ssociation, i:nerican Section
Social Science Research Council
Social science Foundation
United Council on '_orld ,'-ffairs
11.6. Council Intemational Chs ber of Commerce
United "orld Federalists, USL, INC.
':ostorn Policy Cora- .ttee
III - 16
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iloodrow "ilson school of Foreign Affairs (University of Virginia)
Religious Coriraittees on World .",ffairs
Baptist, Catholic, Friends, 11othodist, Btc.
Councils on "orld Affairs, International Relations, etc.
iiorthern.Cclifornia, Oregon, Rhode Island, Buffalo, Chicago, Dayton,
Rochester, Cleveland, etc.
D. Private Industry Groups of Research Value
Survey Associates Inc.
Lotion Picture Association of Lzarica
Iiotion Picture Export Association
Association of E.-port l'idvertisors
Export Advertisers nssociatfon
Corierce e: Industry association of 11.Y. (Foreign Trade Department)
Air Transport Association of L merica
International Basic eonoriy Corporation
rational Council of American Ir. porters
. rerican Society of Newspaper Editors
National Association of i:anufacturers
The ^cvertising Council
Arericrn Bankers Association
Cleveland 1!orld Trade Association
Corrrnission of the Churches on International Affairs
World Trade Foundation of America
liajor Business Corporations Represented Abroad
Standard Oil Coca Cola
General Aniline & Film Westinghouse International
Tsonsanto Chetieal Genera]. i>otors
Portland Cement Ford
Singer Sewing Lachine International Tel & Tel
III - 17
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INTRODUCTION
(Section IV/III*)
js in the previous section, psychological operations' programers
are herewith provided a checklist of available moans of transmnission.
The Government officers listed and the non-Governmental organizations
included, are itemized solely for guidance purposes. This is not to
say that any one of them must, or even should be used as a means of
carom mication, but they suggest themselves as "being available" should
specific psychological operations' projects call for their use. Again,
this listing should not be taken as a pattern or as recomamendations;
it is sinply an amalgamation of available resources which may be of
use, at some tine, in psychological operations.
* Section IV is now Section III
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snC
?STRL1 .PITS FCIt u?SI _ISSIG' Ri,?I3 DiSS: 'I . ATIOrT
A. U S. Govern ent r-.aencies
I. TheFzreggtiv_e
The President
The Secretary of State
DiploL atic I:issions Lbroad
The Secretary of Defense
The Secretary of the Treasury
The secretary of Lgriculturs
The l earetary of Coramarce
The Secretary of Labor
i. utual Security _r61ainistrator
P-:SA I:issions 1-broad
Iconomic Cooperation -I.O inistrator
js'Ci..issions .'.broad
Central Intelligence PgenOY
north Atlantic Treaty Organization
U.u. Vicsions to Uc1 (including UiLSCO and other UN Comx:issions)
E.-mort-I sport fable
U.L. Tariff Cca fission
(Advisors on Foroi-n Trade and Foreign Trade 1-olicy)
C~.nal Zone Government
Federal Coramur_ioations Coi.a ission
Defense Production Idi;inistration
Foreign 4.otivities,ranch
Foreign Requirements 3ranch
AtotAc J7,nergy Co mission
Director of Intelligence
Division of information 5ervioes
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2. The Denestaent of State
Special -'ssistant to the secretary for Press Relations
Special Assistant to the Under Secretary (Lloyd Lehrbas)
Visa Division (Office of .ecurity C'z Consulor t'Sfairs)
Assistant vecretary for Public ,"?ffairs
international 'education and ,-.change Program
Overseas Outposts
Institute of Inter-Luierican tlf s
International Claiis Corr.ssion
International Joint Commission
3. De rte. ent of Defense
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Overseas Cor~nands
Psychological arfare Division
Civil affairs Division
.political Advisers Public Inforr+:ation Division
Troop Information and Education Division
Forth Atlantic Treaty Organization ::,tanding Group
Public Relations Officer
Research and Developrent roard
Public Inforr2.tion Eranch
Office of Public Information
4. Dear ent of the Ar
Secretary of the Army
1 *=y Information Digost
Civilian. Awards Division
i iatotid .l Division
Chief of Staff U.S. Army
Public Information Division
IV - 2
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Troop :ducation and Information Division (eavesdropping audiencf
of F1nglish-speaking
troops and civilians)
IntolllEonce Division
Foreign Liaison Branch
Counter Intelligence Branch
Censorship Branch
5. Depcrtvent of the I'ayy
Secretary of the Iavy
Office of Industrial Relations
Office of Information
Bureau of L.eronautics
Guided Iassiles
Special Projects
Photographic Division
,le-search and Develop font
Chief of Naval Operations
Island Government and Inter-American Lffairs
Joint International Projects
Pan American .;:affairs and USN. I:ission3 Division
Deputy Chief. of Naval Operations
Office of Naval Intelligence
Foreign Liaison Branch
Ilaval Intelligence School
Air 0:=erations
Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air)
Lighter-than-Lir Plans and Programs
Bureau of Ships
Electronics Shore Division
Coz:lmunicationc Engineering
IV-3
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Naval Facilities Division
Overseas Facilities Branch
.Spplied sciences Division
Visibility and Concealment Dranch
6. Dopes rtm~ nt of the Lir Force
Secretary of the Lir force
Chief of staff U.S. ~Ur Force
Doputy Chief of staff Operations
Acsiutant for kir Lases
Director for Operations
T:ilitary Iissions Branch
7, Post Office
Division of Stamps and Ph lately
C? Interior
Office of Territories
9. Agri c ltttro
Office of Ir: creation
10. C
Office of Tecb tical services
11. Lbor
Director of Information
Be Foroirn Governments
Including their embassies, missions, information services, trade and
other special delegations and thoir representatives at international
conferences.
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Organizations (U.$, or A3.1ied Par
1. United NEtions and Specialized Agencies
United Uations (Gli., SC9 3COSOC, Trusteeship Council, etc.)
Food and ,! riculture Organization of the Unites, Nations
International rank for Reconstruction and Development
International Civil !viation Organization
International Labor Organization
International I ionetaxy Fund
International Tolecomnunication tnion
United rations educational, ,cientific cud. Cultural Crganization
Universal 1ostal Union
''oriel Health Organization
'.'orld Meteorological Organization
International Refugee Organization
United i;ations International Children's 2r..ergency Fund
united 'relations Korean Reconstruction lency
United ITations R:liof and ?:orke l.goncy for Palestine refugees in
the Fear east
Intcxin ComLission for the International Trade Organization
;'rovisional , Zritiiiie Consultative Council
2. Inter-'xrorican Organizations
Organization of ~'..xieriean States
lu1erican International Institute for the Protection of Childhood
Inter-American Ccmiseion of '.'oven
Inter-lir_:erican Conference on Social Security
Inter- .-arican Defense Hoard.
Inter-ix-orican Indian Institute
Inter `lmerican Institute of #gricultural Sciences
Inter-.x,'eriean Radio Office
IV - 5
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as~C_~~_U ?'1~Y_ I F0,HI ATIQPI
rter.-i-.vorican statistical Institute
an Laaerican Institute of Geography and History
Pan l_r orican laili.,ay Congress L.ssoeiation
Pan Ar?'erican Sanitary Organization
Postal Union of the S.riericas and Spain
3. Other Internationa) Ors aaattions
Allied Commnission for lustria.
,hied Control Council for Gernany
Allied Council for Japan
:.flied High Corarnission for Gcrraany
Caribbean Commission
Central. C omission for ITavigation of the Rhine
COia ittee of Control of the International Zone of Tangier
Council of ''oreign I `inisters
Par eastern Gong-ission
Inter,411iod Reparations l.goacy
International Authority for the Ruhr
International Dories or Narcotics Control
International Cora_.ission for ITorthzost Atlantic Fisheries
International Council of Scientific Unions and G i-esociated Unions
International Union of Official Travel Organizations
International Union for the Trotection of Industrial I^roperty
International Union for the -ublieation of Customs Tariffs
International 1 Thaling Cwrission
International ''heat Council
Interparliaraentary Union for the Promotion of International
Arbitration
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Pornanent Court of k rbitration
IV-6
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SECURITY I&OB1 TIOPT
Fermanent International uu8piation of flavigatioh Congresses
rubber Study Group
South Pacific Cor.liosion
Tripartite Cor;_ission for the Restitution of Tionetaty Gold
International ?34eau of 13ducation
Yansbn International Office for Refugees
t'.orld Council of Churches
International Cooperative Alliance
Intcrnational Organization ofjployers
Intornational Industrial Relations Institute
International Broadcasting Union (European Broadcasting Union)
International Shipping Conference
International Air Traffic Essociation
Coxr'ission for International Relations and Travel
'. orld Pouor Conference
Inter national ;1caden:ic Union
International Fedoration of Teachers..3sociations
Into na tiona1 2 tridents `,ervice
?World Federation of ;aducation< ... 1`:ssociations
International iiissionary Council
International rueharistic Conference
International Alliance of `origin
International Red Cross
International O1;mipic Coi;xai.ttoo (..ssociated Federations)
Institute of International Lair
International 7jcderation of ex Political Prisoners
International Correcpondenco Bureau
International Par Association
I_iternationcl. 'rbitration League
IV-7
SEC ,;RI i .TIOP1
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hi
S'orld r edioal Association
(International ConZrees for iaodical Asaistanee by Air)
International House (Nev, York, Chicago, New Orleans, etc.)
International. Scientific Radio Union
International resociation of Sociologists
International Telegraph Consultative Cotmnittee
International *1reloss Communications Ydvisory Co nittee
International Frequency Regulation Board
International Con nittee on Television
Icternaticnul. Tcuriog ,Jliance
International T ariti a Comittee
International Council of 1omen
Asian ',~lations Organization
International Union -Against Race Discrimination
?World Union of Jet:ish Students
International Hovero.ont of Catholic Students
T:.orld Alliance of Li:C
'.orld Alliance of `ZWC1
International Union for the Protection of Authors and their
Literary and :artistic Works
International Relief Union
Council for Technical Cooperation in South & Loutheast.A.sia
Foundation for Irte-,.mational aciontific Coordination
International Association of Navigation Congresses
International association of Road Congresses
'Jorld. 7ngineering Conforonce
Uiorld Patrol,eun Congress
International Scientific Film Association
International Universities Bureau
Society for rFreedor in Seionce
IV - 8
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Vii`..
SUCti1' Irl li 'OP:Al'II1
D. Private txOj Media for Foreign Impact
i.l eriecn Field r'ervicc
!rrrerican Friends Service Committee
# orican Jet,ish Joint Distribution Coz ittoo Inc.
Ar erioan r?k!.tion:l Red Cross
t:merican Public Relations .scociation
ASCAP
."raerican Textbooks Publishers Institute
Bc ' Scouts of L.nerica
Ct11E
Chi. rch World Service
Civitan International
Committee on Friendly Relations Anong Foreign Students
Comr!on Cause
CIO, AFL
International Cities T'anagers s sociation
iiiuanis International
Lions International
1 bthodiat Church 1'oarc'. of Missions
itionel Association of 1411agazine Publishers
National Council of American Irporters
fationc]. Council of the Churches
Division of Foreign Fissions
National Federation of American 61-apping
Optiriat International
Order of the Sons of Italy
Pilot Club International
f_uota Club International
IV ? 0,
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Rotary International
Roundtable International
Toa$t-stors International
?:arld Alliance for International Friondshi--j through Religion
l orlds Students Service Fund
Zonta International
Congress of European Nationalities
International Lrateur Athl.btic : Association
Norid ^ssociation of Girl Guides and Girl ucouts
;: -orican Council of Voluntary Agonies for Foreign service
Itnerican Society of Travel `ents
International Federation of Travel Agencies
1:otion Picture :,port -ssociation
port .'.dvirtisers of :morica
Lr_eriean Paper and Pulp Lssociation
National Printing Equilpent l.saociation
National Publishers Association
Association of International Publishers Representatives
International Students Union
Cverseas ,'utcr?otive Club
I?ev York Board of Trade (International Trade -action)
SirLilar Foreign Trade Departments of i-iunicipal Chamars of Cosmerce
-fort Itanagers Club of New York
E n l.ish upeai ing Union
Foreign Corsierce Club of Ilo u York
International Association of Labor Officials
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E. Selected Groups
International Amateur Radio Union
American Radio Relay League
Foreign Correspondents Association (Editor e: Publisher 1951 pg.331)
Newspapers and magazines circulated abroad
(Life, Titre, Newsweek, Readers Digest, Christian Scionco
Iionitor, London Daily :ail, Now York Times, Now York Herald
Tribune, Stars & Stripes, etc.)
Plows, picture and communications agencies operating abroad
(AP, UP, International News Service, neuter's, Agonce Franco
Prosse, Press Wireless, liackay Radio, RCA, etc.)
Overseas Press Club (Now York)
"Mutual Friendship" societies aired at cevonting relationships
between peoples of another country and the drnorican public
Foreign Newspaper Representatives
(J.B.Powers, Publicatos, doPhillipos Co.,etc. - 1951 pg.68)
Radio Free Europe
International Press Institute
U.S. Olympic Team, U.S. Davis Cup Tear-, and other international towns
Summer Student Tours, including privately sponsored tours of glco
clubs, ballots, dramatic groups, etc..
Individuals prominent in diplomatic,.entertaimient, education,
co?munications, scientific, intellectual, and other fields.
Nobel Peace Prize Winners
State and municipal officials with significant foreign background
F. Special Channels
Foreign Language newspapers in the U.S. (r&P pg.261)
Foreign communications facilities (press, film, radio, etc,)
Governments-in-exile:
# reporter for the Cleveland Press, is assigned specifically
to the large Balkan population in his area. Part of each year he spends
abroad making "connections" between his people in Cleveland and their
relatives in foreign countries. A very useful device.
IV - 11
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Association of American Correspondents in London
,.Anglo-American Press Club (Paris)
Foreign nations' public opinion surveys
Foreign Nationality Groups in the U.S.
Italian: California, Illinois, Yassaehusctts, Now Jersey,
Flow York
German: California, Illinois, Now Jersey, New York, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, lriseonsin
Russians California, Iassachusetts, Now York, Pennsylvania
Czechs Illinois, Pennsylvania
Irishs Massachusetts, New York
Polish: tassachusotts, Now York, Ohio
Scandinavian: Minnesota
State and municipal councils on world affairs, international
relations, etc.
Major businoss groups represented abroad
IV - 12
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1. The foregoing comprises a selection of perhaps 90 of the
available resources in the two categories covered by this inventory.
Obviously a complete listing of every possible and/or potential organi-
zation group, committee or individual would-take many months and fill a
volume many times this size. An effort has been r:3ade, however, to comb
through the bulk of source material available and to cork up with a
reasonably complete and at least representative cross-section of the
resources at bid:
2. I;ith respect to foundations, institutions and private business
firms, as well as with public-interest groups such as councils, co mit-
tee, etc., it should be noted that Government relations with such agencies
are subject to the utmost diplomacy and security clearances, #1.1 of thou
are extremely jealous and proud of their freedom from Government influ-
ence. Should any of these agencies be applicable to Government opera-
tions the most tactful approach will be required to achieve any reason-
able degree of cooperation. Various subdivisions of the State Departriont,
such as External Research, Public iffairs and Public Liaison, are ex-
periences in this field and their advice would be profitable.
3. The occurrence in this inventory of organizational titles
indicating an agency's primary endeavor in youth activities, religion,
education, etc. requires a special note. Such specialized agencies as
these are especially wary of being subjected to government influence.
Their sensitivity should be borne in mind in conducting negotiations
with them.
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ANk
U V1 FM r gn
GUJI LA 4`il
SyCUMI?~t Ii?FO u ATION
R,FFTfi?Gua
The Con;;ressioncl Directory
Depcxtxnent of State Directory
Department of Defense Directory
;cono.ic Coo oration Administration Directory
"Ar'oric'n .genies in International -ffairs" (Council on l:'oreign Relations;
"rational Organizations in which the U.S. Participates" (Brookings Inst.)
"i'on-Governrvontal Organizations in Consultation with the UN Committoes7
(Departmert of State)
t Inter-Governrlentcl Crganizations" (UN, ECOSOC 1;'51)
"U.a. Goverment Organization I cnual, 1951"
'tEditor U iublisher Year Book, 1551"
"T-ational Lssociations of the U.-`.'." (D--partment of Commerce)
"International Crumzations in which the U.a.. articipates, 1949"
(Depc.rttaent of a- Late 3655)
"International i'cn-Goverxnacntal Organizations" (Rutgers Univ.Press 1951)
"Directory of Fational scientific Organizations" (J &CO 1950)
"Yaer Book of Intcrnationc.l Organizations 1950"
1_lso of aid in this field are the folloudng State Department O-ficials:
" Lmipshiro, L::ccutive Secretariat
John 1.. Begg, Division of Public fairs
. Kirkpatrick, Cffice of Intelligence Research
Ben G. Crosb;', Division of Public Liaison
S R I T11.*
Ii ORI ATION
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INNT DDDUCTIOTN
(Section V/'IV*)
This section comprises categories of existing political, economic,
military and propaganda programs. Each of the subsections represents
a field of endeavor such as an industry, a profession, a category of
social institutions, or a soeio-technical function (such as com uunica-
tions). Each subsection includes first a brief statement of the signif-
icance of the field and then a breakdown into a listing of some of the
established programs within the field, the agency presently responsible
for the program, and the action-effect the program is designed to
achieve.
*Section V is now Section IV
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A - AGRIC
1. Psychological Significance of the Field.
Agriculture, as a basic industry of practically every country, has
a tiro-fold place in cold war activities. In the sphere of economic
warfare, it is a primary target for various forms of attack; the impor-
tance of agriculture in the airs of psychological warfare lies in the
fact that it provides a livelihood for largo and homogenous sections
of each country's population and presents unique opportunities for
penetration by white, grey, and black propaganda. ~trengthoning th.o
agricultural economies of non-Communist nations is essential to the
creation of positions of strength in the military, oconoI,:ic, and
political fields. The potential of agriculture as a field for cold
war operations is considerable, therefore, from the standpoint of
both economic and psychological warfare.
2. Programs or categories; primary agency responsibility; action
capabilities:
P?ro
(1) Land Reform
Responsibility
Inter-Agency
SCO
Objective
Raise the standard of
living of peasantry
and improve their re-
lationship to the land
they cultivate.
(2) Technical :assistance State Department, Economic development of
Program (Point IV) Department of backward areas; improve-
Lgriculturo ment ^i living conditions
and stability; increase
of trade and the avail-
ability of strategic
commodities.
(a) Food improvement program;
improvement projects for
various crops.
V-1
Security Information
cONFIDERTIAL
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(b) Insect control
c) Animal improvement
(d) Agricultural economic
research, farm manage-
ment, marketing.
(e) Rubber program
(f) Disease control
(g) Extension program
(3) Agricultural Training Department of
Program. Agriculture
(4) Development of Agricul- Department of
tural Institutions Abroad. Agriculture
(5) ECA Agriculture Program. ECA
(6) USIE Educational Program State Department
(7) Smith Act Inter-Agency
(g) Bank Loans Export-Import Bank
(9) Subsidy of various philan- State Department,
thropic and scientific ECA, private.
organizations such as
Rockefeller, Ford, and
Near East Foundations, etc.
(10) U.S. Colleges Program Private
Abroad
Training of foreign
technicians in agri-
cultural methods. De-
monstrations and instruc.
tions in U.S. farming
methods.
Fame as (3)
Economic rehabilitation
and advancement of
Western Europe.
To raise agricultural
production and standards
through better practices,
demonstrated by films,
lectures, pamphlets,
posters, etc.
To use the repayment of
the Finnish debt to the
U.S. after World War I to
assist in the education
of Finnish students in
the U.S.
Develop credit and create
stability through greater
agricultural and other
production.
Improve living conditions
in backward areas; train
indigenous technicians;
place'American experts
abroad to teach better
methods.
Find better breeding
stock for U.S. corn, im-
provement of indigenous
corn.
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SECURITY INFORMATION
(a) Iowa State Corn
Improvement Program
(b) Michigan State Costa Private Improvement of interna-
Rica Project tional relations and
agricultural methods
(c) Eto. Note: Most of the overseas programs of this
typo sponsored by American colleges,
are at least partially subsidized by
ECA or Department of Agriculture.
(11) Research by American Private
Commercial Firms, such as
Grace and Co., United Fruit
Co., International Harvester,
Del Monte Packing Co., etc.
(12) subsidy of commercial ECA, State '' ,
projects such as irri- Department
gation, well drilling,
drainage, etc.
(13) Support of and leadership ECA, State
in UN agricultural activi- Department
ties.
V-3
Improve the quanlity and
availability of world
food crops. Improvement
and adaptation of 'Ameri-
can machinery to local
conditions.
To improve living stand-
ards and political
stability abroad.
Rural education centers
under UNESCO, livestock
restoration under FAO,
etc.
AI JON
LI .
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AMMMEL
S .CURi^lY I t(!?i ,TICP?
D. - CULTURE
1. Fsycholoi;ics1 Significance of the Field.
civilization's cultttr::, at any stage of its e:.stence, is
its total achieverent, individually and collectively, in the fields of
intellectual- and aesthetic effort usually referred to generically as the
seven lively arts. It may include, others, noro in the nature of "mores"
or "standards", but for this discusciori the "arts" Trill suffice. Culture
itself is intangible and cannot be roasured by precise units or pre-
deteri-rined standards. Hovever, its manifestations such as corks of art,
piece- of literature, declarations of drama and compositions of musio,
ray be reduced to tangible form and thus nay be evr:.luated. Since these
ranifestations arc generally created for public consumption, they are
capable of ⪯:sin the con.swers - even if the normal reaction is so
simple as 'like" or "dislike". Fovover, in a vast majority of instances,
an ii prossion carries frith it an idea; conser._uently cultural manifesta-
tions nay well be considered vehicles for specifically designed impressions -
in short, prom.
b. Considered as a irhole, culture is a slotr-roving, constantly
developing force in any society - such like a river of volcanic lava
inching doi:m a mountain-side. In individuals of middle-ae a nation's
culture is deep-rooted, vcOgcd alnoct immovably into their character. It
is thus one of the final elements to be purged from the individual by a
totalitarian government. Conversely, such a rogine's oim propaganda ray
be infiltrated into the society through designed cultural manifestations
directed purposefully to younger nembers of that society irhose intellect
and aesthetic sensitivity are in a developmental stage,
d. The field of cultural manifestations thus is open to any
force - individual or mass - desiring to create an impression. "Psychologi-
cal operations" may be applied to the field as easily as any philosophy or
V - 4
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SLCURITY t 'ci 114MU
any political concept, i_n effort rust be nado, hotrovor, to appeal to both
parts of the "target-society" - t'lose j.bo are stooped in tradition, cnd
those others tr'zose only impressions have been ereatd by the "target elite".
2. Programs for Exploitation of the Field;
Program. Re nsibilitL Qb a vo
a. USIS activities, specifi- utate Depar"Ur.ent
cally providing travelling
art o:Lhibits, photo exhib-
its, boo?rs, etc*
b. VOl. uusieal programs, dra- #tate Department
ratio adaptions and special
ctvltural-event coverage.
c. USI1 project involving an &tata Department
exchange between this coun-
try and others of artists,
trriters, photographers,
sculptors, small dramatic
groups, ballet conpaniea
and choral groups,
d. Coriercial motion pictures State Department
selected for their quality
and "point"'. to bo distribti
ted abroad through normal
channels (selection to avoid
"The Desert Fax"; distribu-
tion to be 'teneovragod"by
U.S.).
e. Documentary filt:ls, portray- wtate Department
ing various facets of TCA
scan life especially those
indicating U.S. advancerlent
in spheres such as race re-
lations, education, flood
control, hightray improvement,
industrial design, architoc-
ture, etc.
Serving the U.S. aim
of keeping foreign
populations iu ormod
and abreast of devel-
oprents in yxflrican
art.
Create or hold an in-
pression that the U.S.
is devoted to and
practices these art
f orms.
To demonstrate the en-
tent of U.s. develop-.
wont in these art
forms. and to provide
the "personal touch"
for considerably more
propaganda effect than
inanin.ate? e hhibits and
radio broadcasts.
To c'evolop a sense of
appreciation among
foreign audiences for
..rericen motion picture
techniques and dramatic
crpabilitios.
To bring i oll-planned
rsd woll-executed
graphic descriptions of
america.n culture and
social achievement to
foreign peoples.
f. Cotrmereial radio programs Stcto Department Lgain to provide a "real
selected for their refloc- touch" for audiences tahc
tion of 20th century ::nor- have heard about our
ican culture to be produced radio culture but have
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s~CU LIT! I i'or1-ATIar1
in fcrcirii acuntrics for
siriulta:neous transmission
to the ii.S, cn regular sche-
dule and to the local for-
eign c.udionce.
never a:;pvrienced it.*
g. Distribution Qf instruc- .State Departr:ient To e:atond abroad the
tions, inforrrzition, gui- Interior " lx.erica.n concept of ma-
dance, "helpful hints", etc. G 11C ture for the "little
in the ficlc..s of individual ran" as e-renplified by
artietie endeavor; ?:Titton "hou to" booklets.
with a rnrposc and circu-
lated abroad to parallel
smiler publications al-
ready in circulation in
the U.S.
h. Development of cultural
centers wherever nilitary
forces are Stationed; sim-
ilarly intensify troop
participation in these
centers iuuith appropriate
publicity in the local
foreign press,
i. Sponsorship of exhibits,
festivals, etc. to en-
courage anti-Cortiunistie
artistic endeavor in
foreign countries, erpha-
sizing the contrast in art-
ideas betureen the free and
the totalitarian trorlds.
Defense
Departriont
State Department
To exemplify the extent
of cultural activities
anon 4he the :rierican peo-
ple "real touch")
and to provide outlets
for guided cultural
nanifestations in
foreign centers.
Development of a pointed
anti-Cos.-r?unist effort
in the artistic fields
sponsored both overtly
and covertly by the U.S.
J. periodic "news-lottery in-
forriation on artistic
develo*itents behind the
Iron Curtain and exchange
State Department
CIL
Doak up the efforts in
Item i. b-,,- contrasting
cultural dovelomaent in
either system.
such infor1 aticn with siri-
lar news fro,,: the free world
so that eacl.h. side knows what
the other is doing and hou.
k. i'rovicion for safeguarding CIA To prevent their pros-
and exploiting classical titution for Cornaunist
examples of cultural rani- ideological or precti-
fostations frog: behind the cal purposes.
Iron Curtain (c.f. i'.Y.Tirios,
11/11/51 re Hungarian "Lxtrex"
maneuver) .
# s evidenced by the use of television in Berlin earlier this fall develop-
Y ont of this media abroad. ui.1l open parallel opportunities for exploiting
whatever cultural advancerent the U.S. has made in this field.
V-6
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V-8
S CL'i ITS' uATlc '
1M..+"IC .4 LJ~~J/J
C - 1
4J -
Psychologicc) :~igni icanco of the field;
conoiic '.erfaro has beer. a weapon of national. policy si :ce at
..east the time of the Roz:u-xi .pare. During tae past 100 rear:: it has comic to
be especially significant and probably reached. its greatest stature during
,Jorld ""ar II. however, it is the vier of some a;pert.; in t1 h,-, that
traditional economic warfare is loss effective against a relatively intorrated
and self-sufficient economy as is the ;soviet Dloc than it was against Italy,
Germany, and Japan during WI II. The potentiality of economic warfare re-
x'.ains and therefore it may becox-e necessary to develop now anci unorthodox
techniques to use this weapon r?.ost effectively.
b. Today, vast i*!R)rov,,nents in the techniques of intcrnc-tional
oeonorics have complicated Vic field, tut at the earn tine have opened it to
perhaps lose obvious moans of exploitation. International unionization,
advertising, public relations and eorrnmioations should be considered now
as additional avenues of approach in economic - t?rarfare. 1-.s private enter-
prise, these may troll go beyond the post-wrar international trado and econoin-
ic agencies developed. bilatorally and sponsored by t1.;_.
tt.
Ii7M1TICN,
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K1.
S_Cl l): Ii r OF~I_ i'.
2. Prograns for i ploitation of the Field:
2r0 e
Responsi-
bil it_
Obi gem
a. Cot!ncil o:. .3conomic
.c?visors
b. Technical Cooperation
J$riinistration
(Point IV)
c. i'utual Security
d. Office of International
Finance
e. Office of s.lion Property
f. Anti-Trust Division
g Office of International
h. Iaritir:e Administration
i. Patents Office
j. foreign Trade Zones
Board
TMcocutive To c?evelop national econorio
Office of policies,
the President
State To aid under-developed countries
rxecutive
office of
the President
and to stimulate thereto a flow
cf private cr pital .
To achieve a proper relationship
between foreign econoi4c measures
and defense plans.
Treasury To c' evelop international finance
and r.onetary programs to spon-
sor and participate in the inter-
national monetary And., the In-
ternational Bank forcconstruc-
tion and Doveloiient, the i4nglo.-
t .ericen rinanee Agrees: ant, read
the US a:chango Stabilization
Fusin.
Justice control or vesting of enexty-
Justice
Commerce
ounod property.
To 11 .onitor" foreign trade in-
volving possible US rionopolies.
To promote the foreign coinnerce
of the US.
CoLneroe To determine ocean routes and
services essential to the for4n
con ercc of the U.
Cozxmerca To administer federal patent and
trademark lads.
Coi merco To establis.3i free ports in the
US to =7rmote foreign car nerve.
E,tirricvlture To survey foroi, n production and
consumption of foreiLm products.
Independent To foster economic devclorxiont
of Turope and "Aar 'je. t.
Independent To finance irports and exports*
k. Office of Foreign Agricul.-
ture Relations
1. Economic Cooperation
A drLinjstration
za. `,Wt-1naport tank of
''ashington
n. US Tariff Coznission
Independent To report upon tariff and foroigr,
trade natters.
V-9
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SECRET
SECURITY INFORMATION
D - EDUCATION
1. Psychological Significance of the Field.
All action in support of foreign policy is designed ultimately
to influence the state and content of mind of peoples so as to weaken
the adversary and strengthen support of the nation in pursuit of its
objectives. Education, which is defined as the discipline of mind or
character through study or instruction, is a fundamental instrument for
influencing the state and content of people's minds.
The objectives of the U.S. and the free world are: (1) To reduce
the influence of the Kremlin Regime, both nationally and internationally;
and (2) to bring about a comity of nations. It is incumbent, therefore,
upon the U.S. and the other free nations to educate the individuals of
the USSR and satellites in nccordance with such objectives.
2. Programs cr categories; primary agency responsibility; action
capabilities.
a, (1) USIE
State Promote a better understanding of
the US in other countries, and se-
cure mutual understanding between
people of US and other countries.
(2) student Exchange State In respect for US institutions and
(Fulbright Act) learning.
(3) UNESCO
Remove national barriers and provide
interchange of educational ideas
and methods.
(f~,) American Council State Orient foreign visitors to promote
of Education friendship and understanding.
(5) World Literacy
Movement
Eliminate illiteracy.
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SECURITY INFORMATION
E - ENTERTAINMENT
1. Psychological Significance of the Field.
Propaganda efforts are wasted unless they reach an audience; one
way to acquire an audience is to provide entertainment. Entertainment,
as a whole, covers many art forms and, therefore, reaches audiences of
wide varieties of tastes. Entertainment (music, drama, literature, sports,
such as the Olympic Games, etc.) surmounts racial ^ynd national barriers,
so its applicability is universal. Entertainment c^n deliver its impact
on non-communists and neutrals, as well the Communist Bloc.
2. Programs or categories; primary agency responsibility; action
capabilities:
Pro am
(1)
V-1a'
RET
Approximately 150 reels
Responsibilit
(1) E p7se Communist
tactics and develop
psychological and
military resistance
thereto.
(2) "how the positive alter-
natives to Conrunism.
(3) Show that the national
objectives of the free
wnrld coincide with US
objectives.
(4) Point out the need for
solvinw* international
problens thrnunh inter-
nation^-1 action.
if motion picture film Department
covering approximately 75
subjects, at least half
to be produced abroad in
such countries as Iran,
Turkey, Greece, Egypt,
Italy, France, Philippines,
Thailand, Malaya, and New
Delhi.
(2) Traveling. Theater Groups,
opera, musicals., etc.
(3) Traveling athletic groups,
baseball, hockey, tennis,
golf, etc.
(1) Promoto US ideas and
ideals,
(1) Further international
fraternization,
(2) Present opportunities
for exchange of ideas.
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SECURITY INFORMATION
!q.
F - GOVERNMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
1. Psychological Significance of the Field.
I. The significance of government activities hardly needs
emphasis, since this field includes such matters as Congressional legis-
lation, treaty ratification, and the formation and conduct of the nation's
foreign policy by diplomatic and other procedures, when such actions are
devised primarily for psychological effects, or when such effects while
secondary, are capable of manipulation.
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F - GOVERNMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
II. Programs or categories; primary agency responsibility; action
capabilities:
a. Congress
Program
(1)
(2) Investigations (e.g.,
people
Resolutions, separate or Senate and
concurrent (e.g., the House
MacMahon Resolution on
Friendship for the Russian
Responsibility
proposed investigation House
of Katyn Massacre)
(3) Treaty Ratification and/ Senate
or Revision (Pronosed
ratification of the
Japanese Treaty and re-
vision of the Italian
Treaty)
(4)
Speeches
(5) Calculated leaks Senate or
House
Members
(6) Legislation and appro- Senate and
priations (ERP, MAP, House
MSP, etc.)
b. Administration
(1) Diplomatic Procedure State
(notes, recognition or
withdrawal of recog-
nitiong etc.)
(2) Negotiation of treaties State
and their revision
Senate or
House
Members
V - 1#4
1-INFORMATION
-?1 1! OUT V El
Clarify US purposes and
serve as psychological
action.
Serve as psychological
action.
Legalize treaties, the
contents of which may
be used for psychologi-
cal operations
Serve deception or
psychological operations
purposes
Serve deception or
psychological operations
purposes
Direct and support a
variety of US activities
having psychological
operations aspects.
Give effect to US
foreign policy
Serve US policy purposes
and provide amr.!unition
for psychological
operations.
04.
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SECURITY INFORMATION
(3) Alliances and Pacts
(NATO, the bilateral
Japanese-US Pact, etc.)
(4) Executive Agreements
(5)
Offer of good offices
(e.g., the Harriman
mission to Iran, the
Graham mission to
Kashmir, etc.)
(6) Hrrrassing actions,
delays, etc.
(7)
Political Ola.nctuary
State and
Congress
State or
Special Presi-
dential Repre-
sentatives
State, Justice,
Commerce, etc.
State, Justice
(g) News releases and speeches Various
(c.g., IPICOG's recent state-
ment on US policy toward
defectors from beh.i' >d the
Curtain
(9) Crlculated leaks
Executive
Departments
and Agencies
Serve US policy purposes
and provide ammunition
for psychological
operations.
Serve US policy purposes
and provide ammunition
for psychological
operations.
Reduce friction between
various parties when
such friction would
endanger US interests.
Arply pressure by means
of petty annoyances
Continue a long-standing
US policy; provide
psychological operations
ammunition
Clarify the US position
and provide cold war
ammunition
State, Defense, Serve US ends in a
Other US Departments variety of ways
and Agencies
(lo) Ceremonial activities President, State,
(e.g., dedication of Other officials
gift statues from the and Agencies
Italian people)
(11) Visits of Dignitaries State and other
US Agencies
(12) Proposals embarrassing State, Commerce
to the enemy (e.E';.,
suggesting the revision
of the Italian Treaty, etc.)
(13) Deportation (e.g., US State, Justice
attenpts to deport }tarry
Bridges)
(14) International Conferences Stater Commerce,
(UN Assembly in Paris) Treasury
V - 1
S. TY TNFORW TIADI
ift
I i'o 60 ii
Serve US purposes and
provide psychological
operations ammunition
Serve as syribols of
unity and purpose; also
as deception.
Serve US purposes by
embarrassing the enemy.
Serve US purposes by
ridding the country of
certain undesirables.
Serve as platform for
psychological operations.
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(15) War Scare
State, Defense,
President
Deter enemy by em-
phasizing US readiness
to go to war
(16) Immigration Policies Congress, Presi-
dent, Justice and
State
(17) Subsidized tr^.vel tb
US
a. trade union leaders
b. industrialists and
technicians
c. women leaders
d. leaders of veterans
movements
e. religious leaders
f. scientific figures
g. cultural and intellectual
f :i_,gure s
State Dept., labor,
NSA, ECA, and a
variety of non-
governmental
organizations.
c. International
(1) United Nations State
(2) Subsidiary Ulf organizations
(ECOSOC, FAO, UI'?ESCO, WHO,
International Court of Justice,
Trusteeship Council)
(3)
(4)
International organizations
in the economic and recon-
struction fields (Interna-
tional Monetary Fund, Inter-
national Pant- for Reconstruction
and nevelopment, ECA, etc.)
International organizations
in the field of Communications
and Trrnsportation (Interna-
tional Telecommunications Union,
International Civil Aviation
Organization, etc.)
V - 16
Serve US purposes and
provide psychological
operations ammur_ition
Acquaint leaders of
thought of other lands
with true nature of
life in US.
Advance US purposes by
serving as vehicle for
psychological operations.
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(5) International organizations
in the field of religion
(World Council of Churbhes,
etc.)
(6) International Organizations
in the field of labor (ICFTU,
etc., ILO, etc.)
(7) International organizations
orra.nizod on_ a 7ecgraphi.cal
base (Arab League, Organization
of Am.erican states, Council of
Europe, etc.)
(8) International organizations
in the field of science.
(9) International organizations
in the field of youth.
(10) International Women's organizations
(Into r-American Commission of
Women, etc.)
(11) International trades and
professional organizations
(12) International veterans organi-
zations
d. Nnn-Governmental Hovenents rind Activities
(1) Organizations for Iiunanitaria...n
purposes Eundles for
Britain, Red Cross, CARE.,
Friendship Train, etc.)
(2) Organizations for gc,od will
(e.g., the American Legion's
Tide of Toys, the letters
writin , cninpaigns stimulated
by Drew Pearson, etc.)
(3) Organizations of refugees
(e.g., the NCFE, the European
? .ovoment, IRO)
Assist the friends of
the US and earn good
will.
Assist the friends of
the US and earn good
will.
Aid refugees and serve
a psycholo7ical opera-
tions function.
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G - LaDOR
In the Communist arsenal of weapons, there is none so important
as the use they make of the trade union and labor ;:iovei.ients to further
their ends in non-Communist countries. Penetration, infiltration and
the seizure of control of trade unions, especially those in the strategic
industries, such as coal, co-munications, transport, mariti.e, steel and
engineering trades, and government service, represent the fundamental
precept of Marxist, Leninist and Stalinist revolutionary strategy. Since
Lenints time, the trade union represents the major medium through which
the Communists work.
The technique of establishing Communist control, has been reduced
to a science. The effort and energy expended on the trade union front,
the training of specialists for this work, and the central direction
of Communist activitos in the trade unions from Moscow represent not
just another f rort on which they operate but a major and decisive front.
There are four reasons for this concentration on the trade union movement.
a. It gives thcm an. economic stranglehold on a country, which
they use in two ways: strikes to hurt production; wage demands
to encourage inflation.
b. It gives thou direct control ever masses and enables them
to paralyze a country in times of insurrection and rebellion.
c. It enables them to foster class hatred and rational disunity.
d. It ;gives thou the :cans of sn'botago and espionage.
The Communists arc now The dominant group in the trade union move-
ments of Prance, Italy and Indonesia. They have powerful g roupo es-
tablishod in the trade union moveucnts of Japan and India. They have
a substantial, if less dangerous measure of control, in Finland, and
in most of the primitive unions in Central and South America, Africa and
V - :A+18
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the Middle East. Their most serious threat, however, is in the first
five countries named, i.e., Italy, France, Indonesia, Japan and India.
To dislodge and destroy Communist control of the trade unions
must be a major objective of. American policy. To achieve this, the
main responsibility falls, in the first instance, on the governments
of the respective countries. The social. and economic policies which
they follow have an important bearing on the strength of Communist in-
fluence, for by eliilin tang unemployment, improving wage and social
legislation, equalizing; th djt3tib utic.,,n of weaitl3,ete., etc., these
governments can deprive the Communists of the basis of their mass appeal.
But beyond this, only these governments have the power to take steps to
strengthen the bona fide trade union elements, and to weal-.en the Communists
where they exercise control.
Another powerful force ranged against Communist control of the
trade unions is the InterTra.tional Confederation of Free Trade Unions
created by the bona fide trade unions of the world, including the AFL,
CIO, the British TUC, etc. This body, with the re giona.l organizations
which it is now developing, is the main counter-weight to the Counist-
controlled World Federation of Trade Unions. Associated with the ICFTU
are the International Transportworkers Federation, the International
Metal Trades Federation, the International Clothing Workers Federation,
and a half dozen other international organizations created by bona
fide trade unions in particular industries.
In the United States, the AFL and its associated Free Trade Union
Committee have since 1945 supported bona fide trade union elements in
various countries in their efforts to rid the trade union movement of
Communist control. They maintain representatives in Germany, Europe,
Indonesia, India and Japan for this work. But they are hard pressed
for funds and have great difficulty expanding their activities. The
CIO, since its breal, with the WFTU, has also been fighting Communism
V - 1sq
Set ' yy IrXg: oration
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in the: international field and has one representative for Europe and ono
in Italy.
The onc,ura orient :)f free trade unions throughout the world repre-
sents a brsic policy of the U.S. govornrnent. The Mutual Security Law,
just passed, specifically lays this down as legislative policy as well.
The State Department mintains 1-.bor advisors in Washington and has a
corps of about 30 labor attaches in the field. ECA has a Labor Division
in tiaashin ton and lt^_bor advisors in ne arly all tlioir Missions. The Labor
Information Service of the ECA -rind one now developing under the USIE
have 40, their objective the trade union field.
; ua of toe rnA#,f::?n an _p'.rtic .^,pti n LL.a1Dts boty on VN05 fie
j;$b^r un1,)ns and the Govorn tent in t;rlur to fmrther the twin objectives
of fighting Coro unisn in the international trade union field and develop-
ing strong bona fide trade unions. There is.. however, a great deal more
that can be d:hno in this field both by the Government and by Vic unions
working separately ^ncO, in concert. Si7ilarly the influence of this
Gevernriont can be brou--ht to bear on certain other Governments to
induce thorn to follow policies ddeigncd to strengthen bona fide labor
rlovements .
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MILITARY
1. Psychological Significance of the Field.
Military potential and capacity is the psysic,o.l clo:aont X power
in the development of a position of strength; the buttress of f-rei;_n
policy. The immediate object of foreign policy is national security;
the long-range object is world peace.
Rearrkament, an advancement to a sound military posture, and ec.m-
omic stability and progress, are essential (guarantees :,f peace. The
United States and its allies accept those fundamental postulates. The
drive by the Soviet Regime toward a power position of dominance requires
an ixiriediate and vigorous counter response by the free world. The pre-
eminence of military strength nust, therefore, be reflected within
all other fields Df endoav >r. Western world rearmament is to avert
war, not precipitate it, .and, secondarily, to wage war successfully
if the pr:iary objective is not achieved.
2. Programs or Categories; Primary Agency Responsibility: Action
Capabilities
a. Program Responsibility
(1) Regional Collective State Coalition of allies
security arrangements Defense in recognition of a
common danger.
(2) Military alliances State Firn military and
and pacts Defense security c:~mnitments
(3) National Security State (1) Provision of
Aid Programs (MDAP) Defense military _leans to
Triz-tan Doctrine NSA) allies.
(2) US help to any
nation demonstrating;
the will and Iotor
:ination to rem in
free.
(4) Balanced military Defense
forces
V-241
am tion
L
Preparation for
any c':ntingency to
prevent disaster
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Pro a 0 Responsibility
Cont
(5)
Occupation Forces
Defense
(6)
Military Advisory
Defense
(7)
Base rights
State
Defense
(8)
Strategic materials
GSA
stockpiling
NSRB
Defense
Munitions
Board
(9)
Foreign military train-
Defense
ing in US military schools
(10)
Selective Service Law
Defense
(11)
Special legislative pro-
Congress
visions (Lodge Bill)
Defense
(12)
Ranger and guerrilla
Defense
training centers
(13)
Mass destruction
AEC
weapons (AEC)
Defense
(34)
Guided missiles
Defense
(15)
Para-military forces
Defense
An interim safeguard
until formalization
of peace t?eaties:
a ready-made carrier
of. U.S. values and
aims.
Aids in standard-
izing doctrine and
training, and in
increasing readiness.
Instill confidence
and ensure offensive
capability.
Provision of critical
materials for emer-
gency.
Standardization of
tactics and techniques
indoctrination in
Allied aims.
Increase US readiness
and strength
(1) Increase in the
military potential
(2) Utilization of
indigenous manpower
(3) Generation of a
patriotic motivation
and an ideal for
rallying
Specialized training
for sabotage activi=-
ties
Deterrent to gen-
oral war; confidence
building in free
world
A threat potentiality,
and confidence
builder
Augmentation of in-
ternal security forces
for special missions
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(16) UN Agencies
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a. UN Military
Observer Teams
(Palestine,
Kashmir)
b. Military Staff
Committee
(17) Arms Standardization
Board
(18) Military Attache System
Responsibility
V - 23
Defense
Defense
Adjudication of
cease fire arrange-
ments; instrument
for strengthing free
world cause
Composition of UN
military forces
(Act 43)
Cooperation with
allies to permit
expeditious and
uniform weapons
allocations.
Collection of Infor-
mation; carrier of
propaganda and re-
lated aatica.
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I - POLITICAL ACTION GROUPS
1. Pscyhological Significance of-the Field
The activities of some of the political action groups listed
below are appropriate for application to other democracies. Some of
the groups are already operating, or could operate, in a still wider
variety of countries, including non-democracies. The political action
group, as a medium, therefore, has widespread potentialities.
Political action groups invoke a response proportional to the
financial. support received and to the efficiency and personal connec-
tions of their staffs.
Their targets are primarily:
a. legislative and administrative organs
b. special groups
c. the general public
They have an empact upon non-Communists and neutrals outside the Soviet
bloc, and by radio and otherwise upon the populations of the satellites,
and possibly of the USSR.
Political action groups probably possess as high an effective-
ness as any other medium of propaganc:.a and influence. In fact, they
may be utilized as agents for every form of propaganda and activist
work. The use of political action groups is therefore absolutely essen-
tial to the advancement of the interests of the United States and its
allies in the cold war.
2. Overt Elements
a. Current (Type examples only)
(1) Groups org,.nized primarily to promote an
international program
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(a) Atlantic Union Committee, Inc.
The lobbying group of Federal. Union, Inc.
to secure Congressional action in behalf
of a federal union (political, military,
economic) of the democracies of America,
the British Commonwealth, and Western
Europe.
(b) Federal Union, Inc.
Promotion among the general public of
the idea of a political union of all the
western-type democracies.
(c) Ccmnittue on the Present Danger
Promotion of legislation favoring US
policies abroad, such as'the Mutual Aid
Pact
(d) National Council for the Prevention of War
Promotion of such US policies as ECA,
the Iiutual assistance program, the educa.
tional exchange, aid to the expellees.
(e)
(f)
(g)
The European Movement
Promotion of the idea of a United Europe,
largely among Europeans.
United World Federalists, Inc.
Promotion of measures to strengthen the
United Nations, and to further US parti-
cipation in the UN
World Federation of United Nations Assooi-
ations
Promotion of the idea of international
ation through the medium of the United
Nations.
(2) Groups promoting an international program, as
a byproduct of other activities which are primary.
(a) General organizations
A. Americans for Democratic Action
Promotion of anti-communist inter-
national policies of the United States,
and cooperation with the democraties
of the world in the UN
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B. Rotary Internationl
(b) Economic (business and agricultural)
organizations
A. American Farm Bureau Federation
B. International Chamber of Commerce
0. International Cooperative Alliance
(c?j) Labor organizations
A. American Federation of Labor
Ambng its action and propaganda agencies
arc the Free Trade Union Committee
and Labor's Leaguer or Political
Education.
B. Congress of Industrial Organizations
Political Action Committee and various
committees promoting same ideals as
above.
(d) Patriotic organizations
A. Daughters of the American Revolution
B. Society of Mayflower Descendents
(e)
Sons of the American Revolution
Veterans? Organizations
A. The American Legion
B. American Veterans' Committee
0. Reserve Officers Association of the
United States
D. Veterans of Foreign Wars of the US
(f )
APromotion. of matters relating to
national security and a sound foreign
policy. "
Woments organizations
A. American Association of University
Women
B. General Federation of Woments Clubs
C. International Federation of Business
and Professional Women
V - 26
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D. League of Women Voters of the US
E. National Co.neil of Jewish Women
(g) Youth organizations
A. Boy Scouts International Bureau
B. Students for Democratic Action
Youth group of Americans for Demo-
cratic Action. Anti-communist liberal
democratic.
C. United States National Students Associ-
ation
Federation of the Student Councils of
most American universities.
D. World Assembly of Youth
Largest anti-communist international
youth organization
(3)
(h) Other organizations
A. Catholic Action
The activist organization of the inter-
national Roman Catholic Church.
B. Interparliamentary Union
Connecting link between all the demo-
cratic parliamentary bodies of the world
C. National Congress of Parents and Teacher
D. World Alliance of YMCA Associations
E. World Jewish Congress
Groups promoting programs for individual foreign
countries.
(a) "Hands across the Sea" groups
A. English-Speaking Union
B. Alliance Francaise
(b) Refugee groups
A. National Committee for Free Europe
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B National Committee for Free Asia
0. Federation of Russia Refugee groups
under Kerensky
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Section V
J - PROFESS IO1-A1: GROUPS
1. Psychological Significance of the Field
Professions have an inherently international character. Many
tines the professional philosphy is so strong or its personal and human-
itarian aspects so compelling that a righteous course of action influences
events irrespective of ideological or sociological conditions and circum-
stances. There axists within the professions a certain respect for
ethical practices and common aims which can often be the vehicle for gen-
erating responses in accord with free world making beneficial courses of
action or concepts which inspire respect, and therefore, for comparison
with oppressive or restrictive measures in Communist areas. This com-
parison of professional programs, patterns, and methodology is a psy-
chological instrument. The availability or denial of new techniques
or data of utility to professional groups could be a lover for electing
the support of a suppressed professional group. The professional groups
comprise an important element of the intelligentsia, and their pliability
and utility as a psychological tool is quite evident.
2. The professions of law, medicine, and journalism are the fore-
most professional groups with widespread affiliations useful for the
objectives of psychological strategy.
a. Legal
In the whole field of basic human rights and the legal
protection of those rights, the Soviet system is ob-
viously heavily vulnerable to attack by the legal pro-
fession.
How the Soviet system has systematically destroyed those
rights and made a travesty of law and justice in all
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countries brought under Soviet domination can be
forcibly demonstrated with almost endless examples.
Coerced courts and constitutions
State theft of property
Official kidnapping
Sudden mass deportations
Slave labor camps
Mock, prejudged trials
Physical abuse of both wituovs ?ti d .aocusdd.
"Shotgun" balloting
Secret process
Defiance of International Law
The legal profession can set before the average citizen a shocking
factual picture of what is happening under the Soviet system and
what could happen to him if he allowed himself to fall under such a
system. This type of information - the big truth VS the big lie - can
be disseminated and used both overtly and covertly.
Some of the major influential legal organizations in the Western
World are:
(1) American -Bar Association, and other comparable
national associations.
(2) International League for Rights of Man
75 Seventh Ave., N. Y.
(3) International Association of Democratic Lawyers
19 Quai Bourbon, Paris
(4)
(5)
International Bar Association
501 Fifth Avenue, N.Y.
International Arbitration League
53 Victoria Street, London
(6) International Court of Justice of the UN
b. Medical
In some cases directly and in others indirectly, the
medical profession of the so-called free world can
engage in the "cold war" through such measures and
actions ass
V - 30
1!? 8W TV ~ 0-
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(1) Demonstrating that Western Europe and the
USA have higher standarb of health and medicine than
in Russia and the satellite orbit, (Life is healthier,
longer in the free world).
(2) Pointin7 out that the benefits Of the many
new "wonder" drugs and curatives developed by the
West are denied to Soviet-controlled populations by
the "Irori Curtain". (The Soviet "Iron Curtain" keeps
you crippl?rl or dooms your child).
(3) Urging, on humanitarian grounds, the exchange
of physicians and surgeons, and medical ideas, between
the West and the Iron Curtain countries.
(4) Stressing that organized medical counter-
measures and life saving techniques available to the
West can greatly reduce civilian ca enalties in the
West. (Total war on civilian population is by-no
means total).
(5) Condemming the Soviet Slave camp program,
with its natural temptation, if not actual practice,
to engage in medical experimentation on inmates in the
Nazi pattern.
(6) Pointing out the vastly superior medical pro-
tection of the Western soldier, especially in Korea.
(a) Our wounded live to fight again. (b) What chance
has a wounded North Korean or Chinese? (c) Are the Sov-
iets using totally inadequate medical. moans in Korea
because they wish to carry out experimental, observations
and measures on North Korean and Chinese casualties?
?,any do no many die? With famine facing China, is it true
Soviet medical advisors have boon instructed to be in-
different to the conservation of Chinese manpower in
Korea? (d) Whore is Russian blood plasma for the wound-
ed Chinese, ote.? (o) If Korea is an example, what med-
ical chance has the Satellite Czech, Polish and Hun-
garian soldier?).
Influential medical
operating today:
and health organizations actively
(1) World Health Organization, UNESCO
2) National Medical Associations
(3) World Medical Association
2 East 103 St., N.Y.
(Includes U.S.A., Groat Britain, Australia, Canada,
and a number of European Associations)
(4) International Committee of Military Medicine
(5) International Office of Public Hygiene
(6) Permanent Committee of International Congress
for Medical Assistance by Air,
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a. Journalism
Typical examples of the range and complexity of journal-
istic involvement in the "cold war" are:
(1) The international news services -- with
AP and UP as examples of those which operate independently
of governmental control - with Reuters as an example
of one which is definitely influenced by governmental
policies - with Tass as an example of one completely
under governmental control for propaganda purposes.
(2) The many national news agencies oper-
ating in other countries for propaganda purposes, such
as the Greek Communist agency, "Maritpress", in England.
(3) The United States press presents such ex-
tremes as the so-called "isolationist" Hearst interests,
the independent "New York Times" and the Communist Party
Organization, "The Daily Worker".
(4) The great metropolitanr.newspapers, andi'preee
organizations in the free world which are controlled
organs of political parties, such as the Communist
"L'Humanito" in France, and the Social Democratic,
"Die Telegraf", and the Christian Democratic, "Der Tag".,
in Germany.
(5) The political propaganda newspaper,
printed in many languages and having world wide dis-
tribution, such as the weekly Cominform paper, published
in Bucharest.
(6) The large, dominant Communist party news-
papers in A;ussia and satellite countries, such as
"Pravda" in Russia,"Rude Pravo"in Czechoslovakia and
"Szbad Nep" in Hungary.
(7) Press control or suppressive measures
recently taken by countries in the "outside'ki warLL, such
as the "La Prersa" rape in Argentina and the increasing
press censorship controls of Nehru.
(8) The entire multi-lingual. emigre and refugee
press, both in the United Statds and throughout the world.
(9) The specialized newspaper with a definite
propaganda objective, such as the Communist agrarian
publication in France, "La Terre",
(10) Press organizations used as political
fronts, such as the Communist controlled "International
Organization of Journalists".
(11) National journalist unions, such as the
PBritish National Union of Journalists (NUS)."
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T_-RELIGION
1. Psycholgocial significance of the Field
The potentialities of religion as an instrumentality for coiab ztt1zg-S
Communism are universally tremendous. Religion is an established basic
force which calls forth men's strongest emotions. Because of the L'mnoral
and un-Christian nature of Communism and its avowed opposition to and
persecution of religions, most of the world's principal religious or-
ganizations are already allied with the cause of the free nations. Our
over-all objective in seeking the use of religion as a cold war instru-
ment should be the furtherance of world spiritual health; for the Com-
munist threat could not exist in a spiritually healthy world.
That the USSR is vulnerable with respect to its position in oppo-
sition to religion was demonstrated during World War III when the
Kremlin attempted to re-establish some degree of religious freodon in
order to gain the support of the people under the national stress of
war. Current Information from the Iron Curtain countries testifies to
the effectiveness of even sporadic and unorganized religious opposi-
tion to the Communist regimes.
2. Programs or Categories; Primary Agency Responsibility; t'letion
Capabilities.
a. Programs :::n_,g,lea Responsibility
(1) US 1E
VOA
State To publicize through
all available media,
the Communist threat
to religions and the
freedom of man
(2) Religious State To provide religious
Advisory Panel
V..33
support and policy
guidance to the State
Department's informa-
tion activities.
rriation_ i. . ?~ ~
s yf
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Progrars ; ems Responsibility
(3) UNESCO
(4) Individual
Church Groups
U,N. To proraote freedom of
rcli;ion among the
nation;, of the we rld.
State To encourage churches,
their loaders, and
their riembors to
oppose Communist
doctrine and practices.
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L - SCIENCE
1. Psychological Significance of the Field
Tie exploitation of the sciences constitutes a major element in
the prosecution of the cold war, as well as a?major element of thou prep-
aration for and waging of the hot war by both the U.S. and the Communist
Bloc. Scientific research and development provide the moans (devices,
techniques, practices) by which the cold war may be waged most effoctively
and efficiently. The extant of the U.S. scientific load over. its
enemies is more important than absolute accomplishment or progress; there-
fore, the slowing down of tho enemy is scientific progress will h.-~ve the
effect of increasing the U.S. lead.
Of particular significance in the general field of scionce is the
cohesive force evident among individuals comprising each field of science
-in some cases such cohesive force rises above differences in ideologies
and forms a basis for fraternization, as well as for ar exchange; of ideas
in the particular field.
2. Programs or Categories; primary agency responsibility; action
capabilities:
Program Responsibility o
3` #
(1) USE State To promote exchange
of information, culture
and ideas.
(2) UNESCO
To remove national
barriers and provide
interchange of
scientific develop-
ments.
(3) International U,N To promote exchange
Control of Atomic & of scientific infor-
Energr State mction for peaceful
V - 35
ends and to control
the use of atomic
energy to extent necess-
ary to insure its use
o ly for peaceful purpose
d'w F
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